CN115485048A - 基于聚甘油醚的泡沫控制剂及其在生物乙醇处理中的用途 - Google Patents
基于聚甘油醚的泡沫控制剂及其在生物乙醇处理中的用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种泡沫控制剂和通过使用泡沫控制剂来进行生物乙醇处理的控制泡沫的方法,其中所述试剂至少包含(聚)甘油醚。优选地,(聚)甘油醚是2‑(2‑乙基己氧基)‑1,3‑丙二醇。
Description
实施方案涉及用于生物乙醇处理的泡沫控制剂和控制泡沫的方法,其中所述试剂至少包含(聚)甘油醚。
背景技术
乙醇可以通过生物发酵工艺从甘蔗原料产生。此类乙醇被称为生物乙醇(有时称为生物酒精),并且生产这种乙醇的过程经常因存在生产介质中酵母所产生的泡沫而停滞。酵母菌被添加到发酵罐中,并持续供应甘蔗原料以生产生物乙醇。这些罐中的不受控制的起泡会导致生产能力的显著损失。起泡会导致混合或泵送效率低下、工艺管线堵塞、和/或溢流,从而导致溢出和产品浪费。乙醇生产过程中的起泡是一个主要挑战,因此,因此机械方法的泡沫管理设计的有效性有限。
泡沫控制剂(FCA)被广泛认为比机械方法更实用,目前在整个行业中更普遍地使用,以最大限度地减少由于发泡而造成的生产损失。这些泡沫控制剂可包括消泡化学物质和抑泡化学物质两者。抑泡剂(本领域的术语)被设计成防止泡沫,而消泡剂(本领域的另一术语)消除现有泡沫。
对于发酵应用,泡沫控制剂通常包括由亚乙基氧、亚丙基氧、聚丙二醇和/或亚丁基氧构成的嵌段共聚物。这些类型的产品是有效的,因为据信在升高的温度下,它们不溶于溶液,从而致使体系表面张力增加,这会导致泡沫破裂。通常,这些材料与其它疏水性材料组合以改善泡沫控制特性。这些泡沫控制剂的使用对行业至关重要,因此任何新的或改进的泡沫控制剂都非常有用。
由于所有这些原因以及其它原因,需要用于生物乙醇处理的泡沫控制剂和控制泡沫的方法。
发明内容
实施方案涉及用于生物乙醇处理的泡沫控制剂和控制泡沫的方法,其中所述试剂至少包含(聚)甘油醚。
附图说明
图1是示出在将本发明公开的试剂应用于四种不同的酵母菌株之后,使泡沫破裂的时间结果(消泡效果)的条形图。
具体实施方式
本公开涉及用于生物乙醇生产的泡沫控制剂。如先前所论述,环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和/或环氧丁烷是常用的泡沫控制剂。本公开详细说明了甘油醚或(聚)甘油醚(例如,2-EH甘油或2-乙基己基甘油醚或3-(2-乙基己氧基)-1,2-丙二醇)如何被发现具有作为消泡剂和抑泡剂两者的优越泡沫控制性能。在一个实施方案中,这些化学物质可以通过甘油与脂肪醇之间的还原醚化获得。也可以利用其它生产方法,并且上述还原醚化方法是非限制性示例。
甘油醚作为泡沫控制剂的使用也可以与由环氧乙烷、环氧丙烷和/或环氧丁烷或其它疏水材料(诸如蜡或二氧化硅)构成的共聚物结合使用。甘油醚作为泡沫控制剂的使用也可以与硅氧烷泡沫控制剂结合使用。存在于泡沫控制剂中的这些另外的化学物质也可以与支链醇和/或表面活性剂(尤其是醇的烷氧基化物)一起添加。甘油醚作为泡沫控制剂的使用可以是基于水或基于油的。
所配制的泡沫控制剂中甘油醚的浓度可以在0.1重量%至100重量%的范围内,其中用于抑泡用途的优选实施方案在1重量%至100重量%的范围内。当用作消泡泡沫控制剂时,优选的实施方案可以具有在1%至100%范围内的甘油醚浓度。换句话说,新型泡沫控制剂的使用剂量相对于给定发酵罐中存在的材料总量在5ppm至10000ppm的范围内。当试剂用于其抑泡特性时,一个优选的实施方案的剂量在5至100000ppm的范围内。当用作消泡剂时,一个实施方案利用10至500000ppm,更优选50至10000ppm的剂量范围。应注意,以上讨论的优选范围不受限制,含甘油醚的泡沫控制剂的使用可能在甚至1ppm或更低的浓度下有用,这取决于新型试剂在其它泡沫控制剂等的存在下如何使用。本发明试剂的抑泡剂用量的一些常见范围为200-500ppm,并且对于消泡剂用途,范围为400-1000ppm(抑泡剂浓度的两倍)。
本发明公开的新型泡沫控制剂可以呈固体或液体的形式。如果其是固体,则该材料可以在用作泡沫控制剂之前溶解或分散在溶剂中。据信,目前公开的试剂在所有可产生泡沫的常用生物乙醇发酵酵母菌的存在下起作用,该酵母菌包括但不限于以下的不同菌株:酿酒酵母、白色假丝酵母、裂殖酵母、酒香酵母等等。
本发明公开的(聚)甘油醚泡沫控制剂的一般通式结构如下:
其中R1、R2和R3可独立地为烷基基团。R1、R2或R3也可以为氢原子,然而,在该实施方案中,它们不应全部为氢原子。在一个优选实施方案中,R1可以是烷基基团或芳基烷基基团,其中碳原子数的范围为C8-C32(直链或支链),并且R2和R3独立地为氢或聚醚基团。
以上结构可以进一步修改和/或扩展如下:
在该实施方案中,m可为1至10的整数。R1、R2和R3可以各自独立地具有0至30的碳原子数。R1、R2和R3还可以独立地由烷基基团或芳基烷基基团构成。一个或多个烷基基团可以是直链的、支链的或环状的。R1、R2和R3也可以为氢原子,然而,在该实施方案中,它们不应全部为氢原子。
化学试剂可用于抑泡剂或消泡剂制剂中。抑泡剂制剂通过聚乙二醇、酯、硅氧烷、溶剂、水和在气泡的气液界面中避免泡沫形成的其它化学物质的混合物获得。也可以使用基于嵌段共聚物的其它两亲化学物质。在消泡剂制剂中,除了上文提到的产品之外,还可以使用植物油、矿物油、蜡和其它油性试剂。
当前公开的化学物质可以用作此类制剂的促进剂或主要组分,并且其可以用于防止或分解泡沫。在甘蔗厂,这意味着该产品可用于酵母处理罐或发酵罐本身。它可以连续使用或分批使用,非常适合任何类型的磨机操作。
该化学物质可以添加到罐中,在罐中酵母用酸和其它化学物质处理;或在添加糖溶液之前、期间或之后添加到发酵罐中。发酵通常在低于34℃的温度下进行。此温度通过使用热交换器获得。在酵母的分散体已转移到发酵罐后,糖溶液的进料可能需要很长时间(至多6或8小时),并且在该时间段内,泡沫最大。在糖溶液进料之后,可能需要一些额外的时间来确保糖在乙醇中的有效转化。从糖溶液开始进料算起,额外的时间从1到4小时不等,总时间为12小时。表明当前产品在发酵过程的整个持续时间内使用。
实施例
测试本发明公开的泡沫控制剂和其它泡沫控制剂的功效的实验可以使用发酵器设备如下进行。用作泡沫控制剂的化学物质可从陶氏化学公司(The Dow chemicalCompany)以商标FLUENT-CANETM和POWERCANETM商购获得。2-EH甘油醚按照以下程序合成。在氮气下,将2-乙基己醛(128.2g,1mol)、甘油(920.9g,10mol)和5% Pd/C催化剂(相对于醛5wt%,6.41g)(其中的每一者均购自西格玛奥德里奇(Sigma-Aldrich))加入2L帕尔反应器中。将反应器密封并在搅拌下以约100psi用氢气吹扫三次。然后加入氢气(100psi),在搅拌下将反应器快速加热至200℃,并且将氢气压力设定为500psi。该反应在200℃和500psi的氢气下进行14小时。
滤出催化剂并用甲醇洗涤,将溶剂在真空中蒸发。分离上部(产物)相,并且用甲苯(300mL×6)萃取下部(甘油)相。蒸发甲苯,将残留物与产物相合并,得到粗产物(178.4g),其中一部分(128.4g)在真空中进行分馏,得到103.7g(71%)3-(2-乙基己氧基)-1,2-丙二醇(主)和2-(2-乙基己氧基)-1,3-丙二醇(次,2-EH甘油醚),沸点82-84℃/0.06mm Hg。
所用的不同菌株酵母获自LNF(巴西的本地公司)。对于所有实验,用自来水制备20重量%的糖溶液,以获得20度的白利糖度(°Bx)和10重量%的酵母(一种酿酒酵母菌株,也在自来水中稀释)。然后将一定量(例如,0.135g)的乙二醇(或另一种泡沫控制剂)加入300g酵母制备物和600g糖溶液的混合物中。在此实施例中,相对于加入发酵器设备中的900g溶液的总重量,加入0.135g的量的泡沫控制剂至约150ppm的泡沫控制剂。然后将总物料转移到圆柱形容器中,其中经由多孔板注射空气。
之后,使7.0L/min的气流速率通过多孔板(孔径16-40μm),并测量泡沫达到25cm高度所需的时间。这表明了与每种酵母菌株相比,泡沫行为和每种所测试剂保持泡沫高度的能力的差异。达到泡沫高度的时间越长,产品性能越好。该参数在表1中表示为达到25cm的时间(T25)。为了更好地比较分析三次获得的结果,也将不添加任何泡沫控制化学物质的空白溶液作为对照运行,如下所示。
表1:
在表1中,时间值越高,产品性能越好,因此:2-EH甘油醚,POWERCANETM278(PC 278)是能够在100ppm的浓度下避免泡沫形成(抑泡效果)直到300秒的实验的化学物质。也可以从这些结果看出即使在较高浓度的FLUENT-CANETM178中也不能完全避免泡沫形成。
为了进一步评估这些泡沫控制剂的性能,进行了另一组实验,类似于上面讨论的实验,但改变之处为,首先加入150ppm(0.135g)的FLUENT-CANETM178作为抑泡剂,然后,当泡沫在圆柱形容器中达到20cm的高度时,加入300ppm(0.27g)的各种测试试剂以破裂泡沫。加入每种产品后的最小高度以及在最小高度时破裂泡沫所需的时间记录在以下表和图表中。
表2:
图1示出了在将本发明公开的试剂应用于四种不同酵母菌株(Fermel、CAT-1、PE-2和Fleishmann)后,泡沫破裂时间(消泡效果)的结果。2EH是2-EH甘油醚的缩写。图1中还示出了在加入2-EH甘油醚并破坏泡沫形成后获得的高度的结果。
表2列出了与FLUENT-CANETM113相比,在加入2-EH甘油醚后获得的破坏形成的泡沫的时间的结果和高度的结果。在新型试剂加入所有四种评估的酵母菌株后,其几乎能够立即(在2秒内)破坏泡沫。在任何其它情况下未观察到这种性能。相反,当FLUENT-CANETM113用于在Fleishmann酵母的存在下破坏泡沫时,获得的最终高度为10cm,并且几乎需要25秒的时间来发生。
如本示例所示,与现有泡沫控制剂相比,用于生物乙醇处理的含有(聚)甘油醚(例如,2-EH甘油醚)的泡沫控制剂提供了显著改善的泡沫控制效果。
Claims (10)
2.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫控制剂,其中R1、R2或R3中的至少一者包括烷基基团或芳基烷基基团。
3.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫控制剂,其中所述R1、R2和R3各自独立地包括烷基基团或芳基烷基基团。
4.根据权利要求2所述的泡沫控制剂,其中所述烷基基团为直链、支链或环状的。
5.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫控制剂,其中按重量计,所述聚甘油醚浓度的范围为所述泡沫控制剂的0.1重量%至100重量%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫控制剂,其中在发酵罐中,所述聚甘油醚浓度为1ppm至500000ppm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的泡沫控制剂,其中所述试剂是2-EH甘油醚。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中当通过发酵工艺生产生物乙醇时加入至少一种其它泡沫控制剂或疏水材料。
10.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中当处理生物乙醇时还加入硅消泡剂或表面活性剂。
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