CN115475829A - Biochar-based multi-section planting and repairing device and method for heavy metal contaminated soil - Google Patents
Biochar-based multi-section planting and repairing device and method for heavy metal contaminated soil Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/10—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes
- B09C1/105—Reclamation of contaminated soil microbiologically, biologically or by using enzymes using fungi or plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C—RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09C1/00—Reclamation of contaminated soil
- B09C1/08—Reclamation of contaminated soil chemically
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Ecology (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a biochar-based multi-section planting and repairing device and method for heavy metal contaminated soil. The repairing method comprises the following steps: s1, concentrating polluted soil; s2, planting the plants at one time; s3, planting the plants for the second time; and S4, planting the plants for three times. The invention can promote the growth of plants and the absorption of heavy metal elements, improve the soil environment quality, ensure the highest soil treatment efficiency and simultaneously facilitate the recovery of plants.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of contaminated soil remediation, in particular to a biochar-based multi-section planting and remediation device and method for heavy metal contaminated soil.
Background
In the process of metal mining, after valuable mineral substances are screened by mechanical crushing and grinding, the discharged solid residue waste is tailings. Along with the development of economy, the demand of mineral products is greatly increased, the development scale of the mining industry is increased, the quantity of tailings generated in the mining process is also increased continuously, the grade of a plurality of available metal ores is reduced day by day, and the ore dressing scale is larger and larger in order to meet the increasing demand of the mineral products, so that the quantity of the generated ore dressing tailings is also increased greatly, and the large amount of stockpiled tailings cause difficulties in the mining industry, the environment, the economy and the like. Particularly, under the action of natural weathering, rain washing and biological factors, the tailings which are piled naked for a long time release a large amount of heavy metal elements, residual flotation reagents and acidic wastewater caused by sulfur-containing minerals in waste rocks, which can cause serious harm to soil, surface water, underground water, atmospheric environment and the like around a mining area.
The biochar is a material used as a soil conditioner, can help plants to grow, and can be applied to agricultural soil fertility improvement and carbon collection and storage. Modern methods for making biochar heat plant waste at high temperature in a low oxygen environment to decompose it. The use of biochar can increase agricultural productivity by 20%, purify water quality, and help reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. The biochar is used as an adsorbent, is low in price, wide in raw material source, large in porosity and strong in adsorption capacity, and has a good application prospect in remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil.
At present, the methods for repairing the soil polluted by heavy metals around tailings are mainly divided into the following methods: engineering physics method, chemical regulation method and biological repair method. A single repairing means can not achieve a good repairing effect, and a plurality of different repairing methods need to be combined and then assisted with a vegetation planting method to achieve a good repairing effect. The plants commonly used for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil include arborvitae, cedar, robinia pseudoacacia, chinese scholartree, mulberry, alfalfa, lupin, zinnia elegans, sunflower and the like, the technical cost for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil by adopting the plants is low, the operability is strong, the vegetation coverage can be increased, the problems of mine soil erosion, water and soil loss and the like are effectively solved, but the research on the comprehensive repair of the heavy metal contaminated soil by vegetation planting, charcoal and other methods is still insufficient.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the existing problems, the invention provides a biochar-based multi-section planting repair device and method for heavy metal contaminated soil.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a biochar-based multi-section planting and repairing device for heavy metal polluted soil comprises a central stand column, two side enclosing plates located on one side of the central stand column, a first interlayer is arranged in the middle of a fan-shaped area defined by the two side enclosing plates, a second interlayer is arranged at the tail end of the fan-shaped area defined by the two side enclosing plates, a plurality of multifunctional planting grooves are formed between the central stand column and the first interlayer, a plurality of multifunctional planting grooves are also formed between the central stand column and the second interlayer, and the number of the multifunctional planting grooves formed between the central stand column and the second interlayer is more than that between the central stand column and the first interlayer;
the multifunctional planting groove is formed by splicing a left part and a right part which are symmetrically arranged, the bottom of the multifunctional planting groove is provided with meshes for extending plant roots, the front end face of the multifunctional planting groove is provided with a clamping groove, the rear end face of the multifunctional planting groove is provided with clamping blocks which can be spliced corresponding to the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting groove, the front side of the first interlayer is provided with a first transverse chute for enabling the clamping blocks to slide transversely, the position of the front side of the first interlayer corresponding to the multifunctional planting groove is provided with a first vertical chute for enabling the two clamping blocks to slide vertically after being combined, the front side of the second interlayer is provided with a second transverse chute for enabling the clamping blocks to slide transversely, and the position of the front side of the second interlayer corresponding to the multifunctional planting groove is provided with a second vertical chute for enabling the two clamping blocks to slide vertically after being combined;
the inside every that corresponds of center pillar the front end position department in multi-functional planting groove all be equipped with one be used for with the driving motor of joint groove butt joint, the inside every that corresponds of first interlayer the front end position department in multi-functional planting groove all be equipped with one be used for with the driving motor of joint groove butt joint, center pillar, first interlayer and second interlayer top all are equipped with the lifting unit who is used for the multi-functional planting groove of lifting.
Furthermore, the height of the central upright post on the ground is 1.2-1.6 m, the height of the side coaming on the ground is 0.8-1 m, and the length of the side coaming is 15-25 m. The proper length and height of the side boarding are adjusted to ensure the normal operation of the device.
Furthermore, the center pillar with be equipped with 3 multi-functional planting grooves between the first interlayer, the center pillar with be equipped with 6 multi-functional planting grooves between the second interlayer, the center pillar top is equipped with 1 lifting unit, first interlayer top symmetry is equipped with 4 lifting unit, and second interlayer top symmetry is equipped with 4 lifting unit, and lifting unit is pneumatic winch. The number through setting up multi-functional planting groove ensures that the plant density of planting in the soil is even, conveniently carries out the plant and retrieves when guaranteeing the highest soil treatment effeciency.
Further, driving motor's output is scalable setting, driving motor's output stretch out the back with the butt joint in joint groove, the joint groove is the same in the area size on the multi-functional groove of planting left and right sides two parts, and multi-functional groove front end top of planting is equipped with and is used for controlling the spacing connecting plate of two spacing fixings about the multi-functional groove of planting after the combination, spacing connecting plate bottom is equipped with the fixture block, the fixture block with the draw-in groove joint that multi-functional groove top was equipped with, spacing connecting plate top be equipped with be used for with the couple of lifting unit butt joint. Thereby can make multi-functional planting groove rotate with joint groove butt joint through driving motor and realize turning over of soil and mix.
Furthermore, the side wall of the multifunctional planting groove is provided with a cutting edge for stirring soil, two side walls of one multifunctional planting groove positioned in the center between the central upright post and the first interlayer are provided with the cutting edge, the other multifunctional planting grooves are provided with the cutting edge, two sides of an opening at the top of the multifunctional planting groove are provided with guide grooves for accommodating mowing blades, and one of the guide grooves penetrates through the side wall of the multifunctional planting groove. Soil can be conveniently turned and stirred by arranging the blade strips.
Further, the center pillar with the top is equipped with the honeycomb duct that a plurality of was used for the water injection medicine between the first interlayer, the center pillar with the top also is equipped with a plurality of between the second interlayer the honeycomb duct, the honeycomb duct is located directly over the multi-functional groove of planting and honeycomb duct and multi-functional groove one-to-one of planting, the honeycomb duct bottom is equipped with a plurality of spray hole. The water or the chelating agent can be provided for the plants through the diversion pipe, and the soil is fully repaired.
The method for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the biochar-based multi-section planting and repairing device for the heavy metal contaminated soil comprises the following steps:
s1, concentrating polluted soil: the heavy metal contaminated soil in the area to be repaired is concentrated between two side coamings and the second interlayer of the repairing device, the bottom of the multifunctional planting groove is located at 0.2-0.3 m below the soil, the biochar-based fertilizer is mixed in the heavy metal contaminated soil, the stirring is carried out in a mode of rotating the multifunctional planting groove, and the mass ratio of the heavy metal contaminated soil to the biochar-based fertilizer is 10-15: 1;
s2, planting plants at one time: combining the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting grooves, transplanting shrub plant seedlings in each multifunctional planting groove, controlling the water content of soil to be 15-18%, cultivating for 65-70 days, and applying 5mmol/L of shrub plant seedlingsEDTA or EDDS is applied in an amount of 0.3 to 0.4L/m 2 After continuously cultivating for 25-30 days, lifting the multifunctional planting groove by the lifting component to remove the shrub plants;
s3, secondary planting of plants: opening the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting groove to enable the clamping block to slide in the first transverse sliding groove or the second transverse sliding groove, increasing the planting area of the multifunctional planting groove, then transplanting and planting herbaceous plants in each multifunctional planting groove, controlling the water content of soil to be 23-27%, culturing for 55-60 days, applying 5mmol/L citric acid, tartaric acid or DTPA, and applying the application amount to be 0.2-0.3L/m 2 After the cultivation is continued for 35 to 40 days, the herbaceous plants are harvested, and then the herbaceous plants are turned and stirred in a mode of rotating the multifunctional planting groove;
s4, planting plants for three times: opening or combining the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting grooves, and transplanting and planting ornamental plants in each multifunctional planting groove.
Further, the preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer in the step S1 comprises the following steps: washing corn straws or wheat straws, drying and crushing the washed corn straws or wheat straws, putting the crushed corn straws or wheat straws into a pyrolysis furnace, pyrolyzing and carbonizing the crushed corn straws or wheat straws for 4 to 8 hours at the temperature of between 500 and 700 ℃ to obtain charcoal powder, crushing the charcoal powder, sieving the crushed charcoal powder by a sieve with 50 to 80 meshes, and then mixing and stirring 25 to 40 parts by weight of the charcoal powder, 25 to 30 parts by weight of animal wastes, 8 to 15 parts by weight of urea, 10 to 20 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 to 10 parts by weight of potassium chloride to obtain the charcoal-based fertilizer. The biochar base fertilizer obtained by mixing the improved and optimized biochar with the chemical fertilizer can be better used for repairing the heavy metal polluted tailings, and the method is simple in process and application method and low in production cost.
Furthermore, the shrubs planted in step S2 are cajan, purple-ear, or credy, the herbs planted in step S3 are Imperata cylindrical, kochiae fructus, or herba Sedi Aizoon, and the ornamental plants in step S4 are Phyllostachys nigra, asparagus cochinchinensis, or Goldwort herb. The selected plants are plant varieties with strong heavy metal adsorption capacity in soil, and ornamental plants planted at the later stage can also generate economic benefits.
The beneficial effects of the invention are:
(1) The multistage planting and repairing device mainly aims at the soil polluted by the heavy metal in the tailings, can effectively reduce the acidity of the waste tailings land by turning and mixing the soil, selecting different plant types and applying the planted plants and the biochar-based fertilizer, can promote the growth of the plants and the absorption of the heavy metal elements by gathering and adsorbing nutrient elements and the heavy metal, and improve the environmental quality of the soil, can quickly remove and replace the planted plants, can adjust the range of the planted plants, ensures the uniform density of the plants planted in the soil, and ensures the highest soil treatment efficiency and the convenience for plant recovery.
(2) The multi-section planting and repairing device can lift the multifunctional planting groove through the lifting assembly so as to take out and replace plants in the multifunctional planting groove, the width of the multifunctional planting groove can be adjusted, the multifunctional planting groove can rotate when the multifunctional planting groove is in butt joint with the clamping groove of the driving motor so as to turn and mix soil, soil can be conveniently turned and mixed through the arrangement of the blade strips, and water or a chelating agent can be provided for the plants through the guide pipe so as to promote the repair of the soil.
(3) The multistage planting and repairing method can improve the removal efficiency of heavy metals by planting different plants at different repairing stages, and in the period of vigorous growth of the plants, different chelating agents are sequentially applied under the conditions of different water contents to activate the heavy metals in the tailing matrix so as to promote the absorption of the repairing plants on the heavy metals, specifically, the chelating agents are low in water content and high in chelating agent concentration at the early stage and low in chelating agent concentration at the later stage, so that the interaction between the chelating agents and the biochar-based fertilizer can be promoted.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall construction of a multi-stage planting and repairing device of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic bottom view of the multi-stage planting and repairing device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a side view of the multi-segment implant restoration device of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a front view of the multi-functional planting groove of the multi-stage planting and repairing device of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a back view of the multi-functional planting groove of the multi-stage planting and repairing device of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the connection structure of the limiting connection plate and the multifunctional planting groove of the multi-segment planting and repairing device of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the driving motor inside the center column of the multi-stage planting and repairing device of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic structural view of a driving motor inside the first interlayer of the multi-stage planting repair device.
The planting device comprises a central upright post, 2 side enclosing plates, 3 first interlayer, 31 first transverse sliding grooves, 32 first vertical sliding grooves, 4 second interlayer, 41 second transverse sliding grooves, 42 second vertical sliding grooves, 5 multifunctional planting grooves, 51 meshes, 52 clamping grooves, 53 clamping blocks, 54 limiting connecting plates, 541 clamping blocks, 542 hooks, 55 cutting edges, 56 guide grooves, 57 clamping grooves, 6 driving motors, 7 lifting components, 8 guide pipes and 81 spraying holes.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a biochar-based multi-section planting and repairing device for heavy metal contaminated soil comprises a central upright post 1, two side enclosing plates 2 positioned on one side of the central upright post 1, a first interlayer 3 arranged in the middle of a fan-shaped area enclosed by the two side enclosing plates 2, a second interlayer 4 arranged at the tail end of the fan-shaped area enclosed by the two side enclosing plates 2, 3 multifunctional planting grooves 5 arranged between the central upright post 1 and the first interlayer 3, 6 multifunctional planting grooves 5 arranged between the central upright post 1 and the second interlayer 4, wherein the height of the central upright post 1 on the ground is 1.4m, the height of the side enclosing plates 2 on the ground is 0.9m, and the length of the side enclosing plates 2 is 20m;
as shown in fig. 2, 4 and 5, the multifunctional planting groove 5 is formed by splicing a left part and a right part which are symmetrically arranged, the bottom of the multifunctional planting groove 5 is provided with a mesh 51 for extending a plant root system, the front end surface of the multifunctional planting groove 5 is provided with a clamping groove 52, the rear end surface of the multifunctional planting groove 5 is provided with a clamping block 53 which can be spliced corresponding to the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting groove 5, the front side of the first interlayer 3 is provided with a first transverse chute 31 for enabling the clamping block 53 to transversely slide, the front side of the first interlayer 3 is provided with a first vertical chute 32 for enabling the two clamping blocks 53 to vertically slide after being combined corresponding to the multifunctional planting groove 5, the front side of the second interlayer 4 is provided with a second transverse chute 41 for enabling the clamping block 53 to transversely slide, the front side of the second interlayer 4 is provided with a second vertical chute 42 for enabling the two clamping blocks 53 to vertically slide after being combined, the side wall of the multifunctional planting groove 5 is provided with a blade strip 55 for stirring soil, one multifunctional planting groove 5 positioned at the center between the center 1 and the first interlayer 3 is provided with a multifunctional planting groove 5, and the other multifunctional planting groove 5, and the multifunctional planting groove 5 is provided with a guide groove 56 for accommodating blade, and the multifunctional planting groove 55, and the multifunctional planting groove 5 is provided with an opening;
as shown in fig. 6-8, a driving motor 6 for butting with the clamping groove 52 is arranged at a position corresponding to the front end of each multifunctional planting groove 5 inside the central upright 1, a driving motor 6 for butting with the clamping groove 52 is arranged at a position corresponding to the front end of each multifunctional planting groove 5 inside the first interlayer 3, lifting assemblies 7 for lifting the multifunctional planting grooves 5 are arranged at the tops of the central upright 1, the first interlayer 3 and the second interlayer 4, 1 lifting assembly 7 is arranged at the top of the central upright 1, 4 lifting assemblies 7 are symmetrically arranged at the top of the first interlayer 3, 4 lifting assemblies 7 are symmetrically arranged at the top of the second interlayer 4, the lifting assemblies 7 are pneumatic winches, the output end of the driving motor 6 is in a telescopic arrangement, the output end of the driving motor 6 extends out and then butts with the clamping groove 52, the clamping groove 52 has the same area on the left and right parts of the multifunctional planting groove 5, the top of the front end of the multifunctional planting groove 5 is provided with a limiting connecting plate 54 for fixing the left and right parts of the combined multifunctional planting grooves 5, the clamping block 54 is provided with a limiting block 541 for butting with the clamping motor 542, and the clamping groove 54 for clamping the clamping motor for clamping groove 3;
as shown in fig. 3, a plurality of guide pipes 8 used for water injection and medicine injection are arranged at the top between the central upright 1 and the first interlayer 3, a plurality of guide pipes 8 are also arranged at the top between the central upright 1 and the second interlayer 4, the guide pipes 8 are positioned right above the multifunctional planting grooves 5 and correspond to the multifunctional planting grooves 5 one by one, and a plurality of spray holes 81 are arranged at the bottom of the guide pipes 8.
Example 2
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
4 multifunctional planting grooves 5 are arranged between the central upright column 1 and the first interlayer 3, 8 multifunctional planting grooves 5 are also arranged between the central upright column 1 and the second interlayer 4, the height of the central upright column 1 on the ground is 1.2m, the height of the side enclosing plate 2 on the ground is 0.8m, and the length of the side enclosing plate 2 is 15m.
Example 3
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 1 in that:
5 multifunctional planting grooves 5 are arranged between the central upright post 1 and the first interlayer 3, 9 multifunctional planting grooves 5 are also arranged between the central upright post 1 and the second interlayer 4, the height of the central upright post 1 on the ground is 1.6m, the height of the side coaming 2 on the ground is 1m, and the length of the side coaming 2 is 25m.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a method for repairing heavy metal contaminated soil by using a biochar-based multi-stage planting and repairing device based on embodiment 1, which comprises the following steps:
s1, concentrating contaminated soil: will treat that the heavy metal contaminated soil in the prosthetic zone concentrates on between prosthetic devices's two side bounding walls 2 and second interlayer 4, makes the bottom of multi-functional planting groove 5 be located the following 0.25m of soil, mixes biological charcoal base fertilizer in heavy metal contaminated soil is inside, turns over through the mode of rotating multi-functional planting groove 5 and mixes, and the quality ratio of heavy metal contaminated soil and biological charcoal base fertilizer is 12:1;
the preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following steps: washing corn straws or wheat straws, drying and crushing the washed corn straws or wheat straws, putting the crushed corn straws or wheat straws into a pyrolysis furnace, pyrolyzing and carbonizing the crushed corn straws or wheat straws for 6 hours at the temperature of 600 ℃ to obtain charcoal powder, crushing the charcoal powder, sieving the crushed charcoal powder by a 60-mesh sieve, and mixing and stirring 35 parts by weight of the charcoal powder, 28 parts by weight of animal manure, 10 parts by weight of urea, 15 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 7 parts by weight of potassium chloride to obtain a charcoal-based fertilizer;
s2, planting plants at one time: combining the left and right parts of the multifunctional planting grooves 5, transplanting shrub plant seedlings in each multifunctional planting groove 5, controlling the soil moisture content to be 16%, culturing for 68 days, and applying EDTA or EDDS of 5mmol/L with application amount of 0.35L/m 2 After the cultivation is continued for 28 days, the multifunctional planting groove 5 is lifted by the lifting component 7 to remove the shrub plants, wherein the planted shrub plants are pigeon peas;
s3, secondary planting of plants: opening the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting groove 5 to enable the clamping block 53 to slide in the first transverse sliding groove 31 or the second transverse sliding groove 41, increasing the planting area of the multifunctional planting groove 5, then transplanting and planting herbaceous plants in each multifunctional planting groove 5, controlling the water content of soil to be 24%, culturing for 58 days, applying 5mmol/L citric acid, tartaric acid or DTPA, and applying the application amount to be 0.25L/m 2 After the cultivation is continued for 37 days, the herbaceous plants are harvested, and then the herbaceous plants are turned and stirred in a mode of rotating the multifunctional planting groove 5, wherein the herbaceous plants are the cogongrass;
s4, planting plants for three times: the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting grooves 5 are opened or combined, ornamental plants are transplanted and planted in each multifunctional planting groove 5, and the ornamental plants are asparagus fern.
Example 5
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that:
s1, concentrating polluted soil: will treat that the heavy metal contaminated soil in the prosthetic zone concentrates on between prosthetic devices's two side bounding walls 2 and second interlayer 4, makes the bottom of multi-functional planting groove 5 be located the following 0.2m of soil, mixes biological charcoal base fertilizer in heavy metal contaminated soil is inside, turns over through the mode of rotating multi-functional planting groove 5 and mixes, and the quality ratio of heavy metal contaminated soil and biological charcoal base fertilizer is 10:1;
the preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following steps: washing corn straws or wheat straws, drying and crushing the washed corn straws or wheat straws, putting the crushed corn straws or wheat straws into a pyrolysis furnace, pyrolyzing and carbonizing the crushed corn straws or wheat straws for 4 hours at 500 ℃ to obtain charcoal powder, crushing the charcoal powder, sieving the crushed charcoal powder by a 50-mesh sieve, and mixing and stirring 25 parts by weight of the charcoal powder, 25 parts by weight of animal manure, 8 parts by weight of urea, 10 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 parts by weight of potassium chloride to obtain the charcoal-based fertilizer.
Example 6
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that:
s1, concentrating polluted soil: will treat that the heavy metal contaminated soil in the prosthetic zone concentrates on between prosthetic devices's two side bounding walls 2 and second interlayer 4, makes the bottom of multi-functional planting groove 5 be located the following 0.3m of soil, mixes biological charcoal base fertilizer in heavy metal contaminated soil is inside, turns over through the mode of rotating multi-functional planting groove 5 and mixes, and the quality ratio of heavy metal contaminated soil and biological charcoal base fertilizer is 15:1;
the preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer comprises the following steps: washing corn straws or wheat straws, drying and crushing the washed corn straws or wheat straws, putting the crushed corn straws or wheat straws into a pyrolysis furnace, pyrolyzing and carbonizing the crushed corn straws or wheat straws for 8 hours at 700 ℃ to obtain charcoal powder, crushing the charcoal powder, sieving the crushed charcoal powder by a 80-mesh sieve, and mixing and stirring 40 parts by weight of the charcoal powder, 30 parts by weight of animal manure, 15 parts by weight of urea, 20 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 10 parts by weight of potassium chloride to obtain the charcoal-based fertilizer.
Example 7
This embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that:
s2, planting plants at one time: combining the left and right parts of the multifunctional planting grooves 5, transplanting shrub plant seedlings in each multifunctional planting groove 5, controlling the soil moisture content to be 18%, culturing for 70 days, and applying EDTA or EDDS of 5mmol/L with application amount of 0.4L/m 2 After further cultivation for 30 days, the multi-functional planting tank 5 is lifted by the elevating assembly 7 to remove the shrub plants, which are the thorns.
Example 8
This embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that:
s2, planting plants at one time: combining the left and right parts of the multifunctional planting grooves 5, transplanting shrub plant seedlings in each multifunctional planting groove 5, controlling the water content of soil to be 15%, culturing for 65 days, and applying EDTA or EDDS of 5mmol/L with the application amount of 0.3L/m 2 After further cultivation for 25 days, the multi-functional planting tank 5 is lifted by the elevating assembly 7 to remove the shrub plants, which are purple ears.
Example 9
This embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that:
s3, secondary planting of plants: opening the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting groove 5 to enable the clamping block 53 to slide in the first transverse sliding groove 31 or the second transverse sliding groove 41, increasing the planting area of the multifunctional planting groove 5, then transplanting and planting herbaceous plants in each multifunctional planting groove 5, controlling the water content of soil to be 23%, after 55 days of cultivation, applying 5mmol/L citric acid, tartaric acid or DTPA, and applying the application amount to be 0.2L/m 2 After the cultivation is continued for 35 days, the herbaceous plants are harvested, and then the herbaceous plants are turned and stirred in a mode of rotating the multifunctional planting groove 5, wherein the herbaceous plants are the belvedere fruits;
s4, planting plants for three times: the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting grooves 5 are opened or combined, ornamental plants are transplanted and planted in each multifunctional planting groove 5, and the ornamental plants are radix asparagi.
Example 10
The present embodiment is different from embodiment 4 in that:
s3, secondary planting of plants: opening the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting groove 5, enabling the clamping block 53 to slide in the first transverse sliding groove 31 or the second transverse sliding groove 41, increasing the planting area of the multifunctional planting groove 5, then transplanting and planting herbaceous plants in each multifunctional planting groove 5, controlling the water content of soil to be 27%, after culturing for 60 days, applying 5mmol/L citric acid, tartaric acid or DTPA, and applying the application amount to be 0.3L/m 2 After continuously cultivating for 40 days, harvesting herbaceous plants, and turning and stirring in a mode of rotating the multifunctional planting groove 5, wherein the herbaceous plants are aizoon stonecrop;
s4, planting plants for three times: the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting grooves 5 are opened or combined, ornamental plants are transplanted and planted in each multifunctional planting groove 5, and the ornamental plants are the goldfish grass.
The working principle is as follows: the working principle of the multi-stage planting and repairing device is briefly explained by combining the multi-stage planting and repairing method.
When the multifunctional planting device is used, if the width of the two-part multifunctional planting groove 5 needs to be adjusted, the limiting connecting plate 54 is firstly pulled out, the two-part multifunctional planting groove 5 slides, and the clamping block 53 slides in the first transverse sliding groove 31 or the second transverse sliding groove 41, so that the width adjustment of the two-part multifunctional planting groove 5 is completed;
if the multifunctional planting groove 5 needs to be lifted, firstly two parts of the multifunctional planting grooves 5 are combined, then the two combined clamping blocks 53 are aligned to the first vertical sliding groove 32 or the second vertical sliding groove 42, for the multifunctional planting groove 5 between the central upright post 1 and the first interlayer 3, the output end of the lifting component 7 on the central upright post 1 is connected with the hook 542 of the limiting connecting plate 54, the output end of the lifting component 7 above the first interlayer 3 is connected with the clamping blocks 53, then the two lifting components 7 are simultaneously opened to lift the multifunctional planting groove 5, at this time, the shrub plants planted in the primary planting of the plants in the step S2 can be lifted together with the multifunctional planting groove 5, the root systems of the shrub plants extend out of the meshes 51 and cannot extend out to the two sides, so that the root pricking depth is not deep, and the two groups of pneumatic winches can fully lift all the shrub plants in the multifunctional planting groove 5 and ensure that the root systems are lifted together, because heavy metal elements in the soil are mainly concentrated on the root systems of the shrub plants in the soil in the step S2, so that a good removing effect can be achieved;
if the herbaceous plants need to be harvested in the step S3 of secondary planting of the plants, the mowing blade is placed at one end of the guide groove 56, then the mowing blade is fixed through the rope, then the rope is pulled quickly through a machine, and stem and leaf parts of the herbaceous plants in the multifunctional planting groove 5 are cut off, and heavy metal elements in soil are mainly concentrated on the stem and leaves of the herbaceous plants in the step S3, so that a good removing effect can be achieved.
Examples of the experiments
The method for repairing heavy metal soil pollution in example 4 by applying the multistage planting repair device of the present invention was tested and compared with a comparative example in which biochar-based fertilizer was applied only to soil and then citric acid was applied 60 days after planting plants, and the results of comparison of removal rates of heavy metal elements are shown in table 1.
Table 1 removal rates of examples and comparative examples for different heavy metal elements
| Case(s) | The content of Cd is reduced | The Pb content is reduced by% | The Ni content is reduced% |
| Example 4 | 8.2 | 8.5 | 13.0 |
| Comparative example | 7.5 | 7.9 | 12.8 |
As can be seen from the data in Table 1, after the remediation method for the heavy metal soil pollution remediation is carried out by using the multi-section planting remediation device, the removal amount of Cd, pb and Ni in the soil can be remarkably increased, the removal rate of heavy metal elements is remarkably increased on the premise of the same usage amount of the biochar-based fertilizer and the chelating agent, and the cost is greatly saved.
Claims (9)
1. The biochar-based multi-section planting and repairing device for the heavy metal polluted soil is characterized by comprising a central upright post (1), two side enclosing plates (2) positioned on one side of the central upright post (1), a first interlayer (3) is arranged in the middle of a fan-shaped area enclosed by the two side enclosing plates (2), a second interlayer (4) is arranged at the tail end of the fan-shaped area enclosed by the two side enclosing plates (2), a plurality of multifunctional planting grooves (5) are formed between the central upright post (1) and the first interlayer (3), a plurality of multifunctional planting grooves (5) are also formed between the central upright post (1) and the second interlayer (4), and the number of the multifunctional planting grooves (5) arranged between the central upright post (1) and the second interlayer (4) is more than that of the multifunctional planting grooves (5) arranged between the central upright post (1) and the first interlayer (3);
the multifunctional planting groove is characterized in that the multifunctional planting groove (5) is formed by splicing a left part and a right part which are symmetrically arranged, the bottom of the multifunctional planting groove (5) is provided with meshes (51) for extending plant roots, the front end surface of the multifunctional planting groove (5) is provided with a clamping groove (52), the left part and the right part of the rear end surface of the multifunctional planting groove (5) corresponding to the multifunctional planting groove (5) are provided with clamping blocks (53) which can be spliced, the front side of the first interlayer (3) is provided with a first transverse sliding groove (31) for enabling the clamping blocks (53) to transversely slide, the position of the front side of the first interlayer (3) corresponding to the multifunctional planting groove (5) is provided with a first vertical sliding groove (32) for enabling the two clamping blocks (53) to vertically slide after being combined, the front side of the second interlayer (4) is provided with a second transverse sliding groove (41) for enabling the clamping blocks (53) to transversely slide, and the position of the front side of the second interlayer (4) corresponding to the multifunctional planting groove (5) is provided with a second vertical sliding groove (42) for enabling the two clamping blocks (53) to vertically slide after being combined;
center pillar (1) inside corresponds every the front end position department of multi-functional planting groove (5) all be equipped with one be used for with driving motor (6) of joint groove (52) butt joint, first interlayer (3) inside corresponds every the front end position department of multi-functional planting groove (5) all be equipped with one be used for with driving motor (6) of joint groove (52) butt joint, center pillar (1), first interlayer (3) and second interlayer (4) top all are equipped with lifting unit (7) that are used for the multi-functional planting groove of lifting (5).
2. The biochar-based multi-section planting repair device for heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, wherein the height of the central upright post (1) on the ground is 1.2-1.6 m, the height of the side coaming (2) on the ground is 0.8-1 m, and the length of the side coaming (2) is 15-25 m.
3. The biochar-based multi-section planting and repairing device for heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 1, characterized in that 3 multifunctional planting grooves (5) are arranged between the central upright post (1) and the first interlayer (3), 6 multifunctional planting grooves (5) are arranged between the central upright post (1) and the second interlayer (4), 1 lifting component (7) is arranged at the top of the central upright post (1), 4 lifting components (7) are symmetrically arranged at the top of the first interlayer (3), 4 lifting components (7) are symmetrically arranged at the top of the second interlayer (4), and the lifting components (7) are pneumatic winches.
4. The biochar-based multi-section planting restoration device for heavy metal polluted soil according to claim 1, characterized in that the output end of the driving motor (6) is in a telescopic arrangement, the output end of the driving motor (6) extends out and then is in butt joint with the clamping groove (52), the clamping groove (52) is the same in area size on the left portion and the right portion of the multifunctional planting groove (5), a limiting connecting plate (54) used for limiting and fixing the left portion and the right portion of the combined multifunctional planting groove (5) is arranged at the top of the front end of the multifunctional planting groove (5), a clamping block (541) is arranged at the bottom of the limiting connecting plate (54), the clamping block (541) is in clamping connection with a clamping groove (57) arranged at the top of the multifunctional planting groove (5), and a hook (542) used for being in butt joint with the lifting assembly (7) is arranged at the top of the limiting connecting plate (54).
5. The biochar-based multi-section planting repair device for heavy metal polluted soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein the side wall of each multifunctional planting groove (5) is provided with a cutting edge (55) for stirring and stirring the soil, the two side walls of one multifunctional planting groove (5) located in the center between the central upright post (1) and the first interlayer (3) are provided with the cutting edges (55), the other multifunctional planting grooves (5) are provided with the cutting edges (55), the two sides of the top opening of each multifunctional planting groove (5) are provided with guide grooves (56) for accommodating mowing blades, and one guide groove (56) penetrates through the side wall of each multifunctional planting groove (5).
6. The biochar-based multi-section planting and repairing device for heavy metal contaminated soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein a plurality of guide pipes (8) for water injection and pesticide injection are arranged at the top between the central upright post (1) and the first interlayer (3), a plurality of guide pipes (8) are also arranged at the top between the central upright post (1) and the second interlayer (4), the guide pipes (8) are located right above the multifunctional planting groove (5), the guide pipes (8) correspond to the multifunctional planting groove (5) one by one, and a plurality of spraying holes (81) are arranged at the bottom of the guide pipes (8).
7. The method for repairing the heavy metal contaminated soil by using the biochar-based multi-stage planting repair device according to any one of claims 1 to 6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, concentrating polluted soil: the heavy metal contaminated soil in the area to be repaired is concentrated between two side coamings (2) and a second interlayer (4) of the repairing device, the bottom of a multifunctional planting groove (5) is located at 0.2-0.3 m below the soil, a biochar-based fertilizer is mixed in the heavy metal contaminated soil, the biochar-based fertilizer is stirred in a mode of rotating the multifunctional planting groove (5), and the mass ratio of the heavy metal contaminated soil to the biochar-based fertilizer is 10-15: 1;
s2, planting plants at one time: combining the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting grooves (5), transplanting shrub plant seedlings in each multifunctional planting groove (5), controlling the water content of soil to be 15-18%, culturing for 65-70 days, applying EDTA or EDDS with the application amount of 0.3-0.4L/m 2 After continuously cultivating for 25-30 days, the multifunctional planting groove (5) is lifted by the lifting component (7) to remove the shrub plants;
s3, secondary planting of plants: opening the left and right parts of the multifunctional planting grooves (5), enabling the clamping blocks (53) to slide in the first transverse sliding grooves (31) or the second transverse sliding grooves (41), increasing the planting area of the multifunctional planting grooves (5), then transplanting and planting herbaceous plants in each multifunctional planting groove (5), controlling the water content of soil to be 23-27%, and applying 5mmol/L of citric acid, tartaric acid or DTPA after 55-60 days of cultivation, wherein the application amount is 0.2-0.3L/m 2 After the cultivation is continued for 35 to 40 days, the herbaceous plants are harvested, and then the herbaceous plants are turned and stirred in a mode of rotating the multifunctional planting groove (5);
s4, planting plants for three times: the left part and the right part of the multifunctional planting groove (5) are opened or combined, and ornamental plants are transplanted and planted in each multifunctional planting groove (5).
8. The biochar-based multi-stage planting restoration method for heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 7, wherein the preparation method of the biochar-based fertilizer in the step S1 comprises the following steps: washing corn straws or wheat straws, drying and crushing the washed corn straws or wheat straws, putting the crushed corn straws or wheat straws into a pyrolysis furnace, pyrolyzing and carbonizing the crushed corn straws or wheat straws for 4 to 8 hours at the temperature of between 500 and 700 ℃ to obtain charcoal powder, crushing the charcoal powder, sieving the crushed charcoal powder by a sieve with 50 to 80 meshes, and mixing and stirring 25 to 40 parts by weight of the charcoal powder, 25 to 30 parts by weight of animal wastes, 8 to 15 parts by weight of urea, 10 to 20 parts by weight of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and 5 to 10 parts by weight of potassium chloride to obtain the charcoal-based fertilizer.
9. The biochar-based multi-stage planting and restoring method for heavy metal contaminated soil according to claim 7, wherein the shrubs planted in step S2 are cajan, purple, or indeed, the herbs in step S3 are Imperata cylindrical, kochia scoparia or aizoon stonecrop, and the ornamentals in step S4 are asparagus or goldfish.
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