CN115468978B - Method for testing heat transfer property of high-temperature hot-water tunnel concrete material - Google Patents

Method for testing heat transfer property of high-temperature hot-water tunnel concrete material Download PDF

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CN115468978B
CN115468978B CN202211084225.0A CN202211084225A CN115468978B CN 115468978 B CN115468978 B CN 115468978B CN 202211084225 A CN202211084225 A CN 202211084225A CN 115468978 B CN115468978 B CN 115468978B
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concrete
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hot water
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CN115468978A (en
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王玉锁
姚庆晨
肖柯
张祖迪
卢雅欣
肖宗扬
杨竣翔
张朱鑫
赵状
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Southwest Jiaotong University
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    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for testing heat transfer property of a high-temperature hot water tunnel concrete material, which comprises the following steps: s1: installing a test device; s2: manufacturing a concrete test piece, arranging temperature measuring points in the concrete test piece, and arranging heat flow sensors on the upper and lower surfaces of the concrete test piece; s3: the temperature and heat flow sensors of all measuring points are connected with a data acquisition instrument, and acquisition frequency is set; placing the concrete test piece with the mould at a reserved position of a water bath box, and continuously collecting data until the data of each measuring point tend to be stable, and collecting to obtain temperature and thermoelectric potential data; s4: and (3) calculating various parameters of heat transfer property of the high-temperature tunnel concrete material in the high-temperature hot water according to the data acquired in the step (S3). The method is suitable for testing and evaluating the heat transfer performance between different mediums such as surrounding rock of a high-temperature hot water tunnel, concrete material, air in the tunnel and the like in the temperature range of 30-150 ℃, and provides a calculation basis for the design of a high-temperature tunnel concrete supporting structure system.

Description

一种测试高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性的方法A method for testing the heat transfer properties of concrete materials in high-temperature hot water tunnels

技术领域Technical Field

本发明涉及混凝土材料领域,尤其涉及一种测试高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性的方法。The invention relates to the field of concrete materials, and in particular to a method for testing the heat transferability of high-temperature hot water tunnel concrete materials.

背景技术Background Art

隧道修建时会穿越由地下热水引起的高地温地层,有时温度高达90℃及以上,给工程建设和运营造成极大困难。为保证工程顺利建设和正常运营,需要隧道混凝土材料具有良好的隔热性,同时,也需要知晓在赋存高温热水隧道环境中,热量在围岩-混凝土材料-洞内空气等不同介质间的传递规律,以为高地温隧道支护结构系统设计提供理论基础数据。表征不同材料介质热传递性的参数主要有对流换热系数、导热系数。目前为止,还没有用于评价在赋存高温热水隧道围岩-混凝土材料-洞内空气等不同介质间的热传递性相关参数的方法。When constructing a tunnel, it will pass through high geothermal strata caused by underground hot water, sometimes with temperatures as high as 90°C or above, causing great difficulties for engineering construction and operation. In order to ensure the smooth construction and normal operation of the project, the tunnel concrete material needs to have good thermal insulation. At the same time, it is also necessary to know the heat transfer law between different media such as surrounding rock-concrete material-air in the tunnel environment with high-temperature hot water, so as to provide theoretical basic data for the design of high-geotemperature tunnel support structure system. The parameters that characterize the heat transfer properties of different material media are mainly convective heat transfer coefficient and thermal conductivity coefficient. So far, there is no method for evaluating the parameters related to heat transfer between different media such as surrounding rock-concrete material-air in the tunnel with high-temperature hot water.

《混凝土物理力学性能试验方法标准(GBT50081-2019)》中提供了混凝土导热系数试验方法。该方法为室内测试方法,具体方法为:将混凝土按一定尺寸浇筑成型并养护至规定龄期,在专用的仪器设备中测试试件两侧温度,经公式计算确定混凝土导热系数。该方法在评价高地温隧道混凝土材料热传递性能方面存在以下问题:The "Concrete Physical and Mechanical Properties Test Method Standard (GBT50081-2019)" provides a test method for concrete thermal conductivity. This method is an indoor test method. The specific method is: concrete is cast into a certain size and cured to a specified age, the temperature on both sides of the specimen is tested in a dedicated instrument, and the thermal conductivity of the concrete is determined by calculation using a formula. This method has the following problems in evaluating the heat transfer performance of concrete materials in high ground temperature tunnels:

(1)不能测试得到混凝土材料从施工浇筑、凝结硬化至1天、3天等早龄期过程中不同时刻的混凝土材料导热性能,因此无法对高地温隧道施工降温等措施提供指导,也不能说明混凝土支护结构不同深度部位的温度梯度分布,不能为高地温隧道混凝土材料配合比设计与优化提供理论基础。(1) It is impossible to test the thermal conductivity of concrete materials at different times during the process from construction pouring, solidification and hardening to 1 day, 3 days and other early ages. Therefore, it is impossible to provide guidance for cooling measures during the construction of high geothermal tunnels, nor can it explain the temperature gradient distribution at different depths of the concrete support structure, and it is impossible to provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the concrete material mix ratio of high geothermal tunnels.

(2)该方法只能测试得到混凝土导热系数,得不出高温热水与混凝土材料以及混凝土材料与洞内空气间的接触面对流换热系数,因此不能用于评价赋存高温热水隧道围岩-混凝土材料-洞内空气等不同介质间的热传递性。(2) This method can only test the thermal conductivity of concrete, but cannot obtain the surface convection heat transfer coefficient between high-temperature hot water and concrete materials, or between concrete materials and air in the tunnel. Therefore, it cannot be used to evaluate the heat transfer between different media such as surrounding rock, concrete materials, and air in the tunnel containing high-temperature hot water.

(3)该试验需要专用仪器设备,不能模拟混凝土试件一侧为液态水而另一侧为空气的工况,只能测试混凝土试件两侧均为空气的环境条件,这与隧道施工及运营实际情况不符。(3) This test requires special instruments and equipment, and cannot simulate the working condition where there is liquid water on one side of the concrete specimen and air on the other side. It can only test the environmental condition where there is air on both sides of the concrete specimen, which is inconsistent with the actual situation of tunnel construction and operation.

(4)该方法所用仪器设备不适用于90℃及以上超高温热水环境条件。(4) The instruments and equipment used in this method are not suitable for ultra-high temperature hot water environment conditions of 90℃ and above.

发明内容Summary of the invention

针对现有技术的上述不足,为解决高温热水造成洞内施工及运营环境恶劣带来的技术难题,本发明提供一种可模拟隧道实际环境条件及施工过程、便于操作的赋存高温热水隧道围岩-混凝土材料-洞内空气热传递性测试的方法,为高地温隧道支护结构系统设计提供理论支撑,指导和保证工程顺利施工和正常运营。In view of the above-mentioned deficiencies in the prior art and to solve the technical difficulties caused by the harsh construction and operation environment in the tunnel due to high-temperature hot water, the present invention provides a method for testing the heat transferability of the surrounding rock-concrete material-air in the tunnel containing high-temperature hot water, which can simulate the actual environmental conditions and construction process of the tunnel and is easy to operate, so as to provide theoretical support for the design of the support structure system of the high geothermal tunnel, guide and ensure the smooth construction and normal operation of the project.

为达到上述发明目的,本发明所采用的技术方案为:In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

包括有如下步骤:The steps include:

S1:安装试验装置;S1: Install the test device;

试验装置包括有探针式温度传感器、陶瓷纤维布、耐高温隔热泡沫板、防水板、导热水、防水板放置架、混凝土试件放置架、混凝土试模、水浴箱、限位件、热流传感器、贴片式温度传感器和水温传感器;防水板放置架、防水板、陶瓷纤维布和耐高温隔热泡沫板上设置有安装混凝土试模的预留开口;在混凝土试模的底部设置有若干试模预留孔;The test device includes a probe temperature sensor, a ceramic fiber cloth, a high temperature resistant heat insulating foam board, a waterproof board, a hot water conducting water, a waterproof board placement rack, a concrete specimen placement rack, a concrete test mold, a water bath, a limiter, a heat flow sensor, a patch temperature sensor and a water temperature sensor; the waterproof board placement rack, the waterproof board, the ceramic fiber cloth and the high temperature resistant heat insulating foam board are provided with reserved openings for installing the concrete test mold; a plurality of test mold reserved holes are provided at the bottom of the concrete test mold;

S2:制作混凝土试件,在混凝土试件内部布置若干的薄壁金属管,将探针式温度传感器固定在薄壁金属管内部,并在混凝土试件的上、下表面分别布置贴片式温度传感器,以及在混凝土试件的上、下表面分别布置热流传感器;S2: making a concrete specimen, arranging a number of thin-walled metal tubes inside the concrete specimen, fixing the probe-type temperature sensor inside the thin-walled metal tube, and arranging the patch-type temperature sensor on the upper and lower surfaces of the concrete specimen, and arranging the heat flow sensor on the upper and lower surfaces of the concrete specimen;

预先在混凝土试模的底部固定贴片式温度传感器和热流传感器,将混凝土拌合物装入底部留有试模预留孔的混凝土试模,然后将装有混凝土拌合物的混凝土试模放置于振动台上振捣成型;振捣成型后将带模的混凝土试件从振动台上取下,进行混凝土试件内部薄壁金属管、探针式温度传感器的布置,以及余下贴片式温度传感器和热流传感器的布置;A patch temperature sensor and a heat flow sensor are fixed at the bottom of the concrete test mold in advance, a concrete mixture is loaded into a concrete test mold with a test mold reserved hole at the bottom, and then the concrete test mold loaded with the concrete mixture is placed on a vibration table for vibration molding; after vibration molding, the concrete test piece with the mold is removed from the vibration table, and the thin-walled metal tube and the probe temperature sensor are arranged inside the concrete test piece, as well as the remaining patch temperature sensors and heat flow sensors;

S3:将各测点的探针式温度传感器、贴片式温度传感器、热流传感器与数据采集仪连接,并设定采集频率;将带模混凝土试件放置于水浴箱预留位置,设定导热水温度值后,启动水浴箱内的加热装置将水加热至设定导热水温度值Tw,同时记录环境空气温度Ta,然后进行不间断数据采集,直至各测点数据的变化趋于稳定;采集得到混凝土试件底部与热水接触界面温度Ts1、混凝土试件表面和空气接触界面温度Ts2、混凝土试件表面的热电势E1和混凝土试件底面的热电势E2S3: Connect the probe temperature sensor, patch temperature sensor and heat flow sensor of each measuring point to the data acquisition instrument, and set the acquisition frequency; place the concrete specimen with formwork in the reserved position of the water bath, set the temperature value of the water conduction water, start the heating device in the water bath to heat the water to the set water conduction water temperature value Tw , and record the ambient air temperature Ta at the same time, and then perform uninterrupted data acquisition until the change of the data of each measuring point tends to be stable; collect the interface temperature Ts1 between the bottom of the concrete specimen and the hot water, the interface temperature Ts2 between the surface of the concrete specimen and the air, the thermoelectric potential E1 of the surface of the concrete specimen and the thermoelectric potential E2 of the bottom of the concrete specimen;

S4:根据步骤S3中采集的数据,计算高温热水中高地温隧道混凝土材料热传递性的各项参数;S4: Calculate various parameters of heat transfer properties of high ground temperature tunnel concrete materials in high temperature hot water according to the data collected in step S3;

计算混凝土材料热流密度q:Calculate the heat flux density q of concrete material:

q=Kr·|E1-E2|q=K r ·|E 1 −E 2 |

式中,q—混凝土材料热流密度,单位W/m2;Kr—热流传感器的分辨率,W/(m2.mV);Where, q is the heat flux density of concrete material, in W/m 2 ; K r is the resolution of the heat flux sensor, in W/(m 2 .mV);

计算混凝土试件底部与热水接触界面表面对流换热系数h1Calculate the convection heat transfer coefficient h 1 of the interface between the bottom of the concrete specimen and the hot water:

式中,h1—混凝土试件底部与热水接触界面表面对流换热系数,单位W/(m2.K);Where, h 1 —convection heat transfer coefficient of the interface between the bottom of the concrete specimen and the hot water, unit: W/(m 2 .K);

计算混凝土试件表面和空气接触界面表面对流换热系数h2Calculate the convection heat transfer coefficient h 2 between the concrete specimen surface and the air contact interface:

式中,h2—混凝土试件表面与空气接触界面表面对流换热系数,单位W/(m2.K);Where, h 2 —convection heat transfer coefficient of the interface between the concrete specimen surface and the air, unit: W/(m 2 .K);

计算混凝土材料导热系数λ:Calculate the thermal conductivity λ of concrete material:

式中,λ—混凝土材料导热系数,单位W/(m.K);δ—混凝土材料厚度,单位m;In the formula, λ is the thermal conductivity of concrete material, in units of W/(m.K); δ is the thickness of concrete material, in units of m;

同时,根据埋置于混凝土试件内部不同深度处的探针式温度传感器得到的温度数据,得到混凝土试件内部温度梯度分布。At the same time, the temperature gradient distribution inside the concrete specimen is obtained based on the temperature data obtained by the probe temperature sensor buried at different depths inside the concrete specimen.

进一步地,步骤S1中还包括有如下步骤:Furthermore, step S1 also includes the following steps:

S11:安装时,先将混凝土试件放置架放置在水浴箱中,然后调整导热水液面至混凝土试件放置架上部2-3cm处,再将防水板放置架放置于混凝土试件放置架上;S11: During installation, first place the concrete specimen rack in the water bath, then adjust the hot water level to 2-3 cm above the concrete specimen rack, and then place the waterproof board rack on the concrete specimen rack;

S12:将预留开口的防水板、陶瓷纤维布和耐高温隔热泡沫板依次铺设在防水板放置架上部;防水板上设置有放置混凝土试件的预留开口,预留开口与混凝土试件的外部贴合。S12: Lay the waterproof board with a reserved opening, ceramic fiber cloth and high-temperature resistant insulation foam board on the upper part of the waterproof board placement rack in sequence; the waterproof board is provided with a reserved opening for placing the concrete specimen, and the reserved opening is fitted with the exterior of the concrete specimen.

进一步地,水浴箱内的加热装置为电加热棒或者加热管,水浴箱上还设置有进水口和出水口。Furthermore, the heating device in the water bath is an electric heating rod or a heating tube, and the water bath is also provided with a water inlet and a water outlet.

进一步地,混凝土试件内部设有若干处不同长度的薄壁金属管,薄壁金属管的底部预埋于混凝土试件各测点不同深度,探针式温度传感器通过薄壁金属管上的通孔伸入到薄壁金属管底部与混凝土接触。Furthermore, several thin-walled metal tubes of different lengths are arranged inside the concrete specimen, and the bottom of the thin-walled metal tube is pre-buried at different depths at each measuring point of the concrete specimen. The probe-type temperature sensor extends through the through hole on the thin-walled metal tube to the bottom of the thin-walled metal tube and contacts the concrete.

进一步地,混凝土试件底部的热流传感器通过耐高温绝缘型胶粘剂粘接,混凝土试件上表面的热流传感器通过凡士林粘接。Furthermore, the heat flow sensor at the bottom of the concrete specimen is bonded by a high temperature resistant insulating adhesive, and the heat flow sensor on the upper surface of the concrete specimen is bonded by vaseline.

进一步地,混凝土试件放置架为镂空板或者网架;混凝土试模为热塑型塑料试模,若干试模预留孔设置在热塑型塑料试模底部。Furthermore, the concrete specimen placement rack is a hollow plate or a grid; the concrete test mold is a thermoplastic plastic test mold, and a plurality of test mold reserved holes are arranged at the bottom of the thermoplastic plastic test mold.

本发明的有益效果为:The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1)本发明可得到混凝土材料从施工浇筑、凝结硬化至1天、3天等早龄期过程中不同时刻的混凝土材料导热性能,因此可对高地温隧道施工降温等措施提供指导,也能说明混凝土支护结构不同深度部位的温度梯度分布,能为高地温隧道混凝土材料配合比设计与优化提供理论基础。(1) The present invention can obtain the thermal conductivity of concrete materials at different times during the process from construction pouring, solidification and hardening to early ages such as 1 day and 3 days. Therefore, it can provide guidance for cooling measures such as high geothermal tunnel construction, and can also explain the temperature gradient distribution at different depths of the concrete support structure, and can provide a theoretical basis for the design and optimization of the concrete material mix ratio of high geothermal tunnels.

(2)本发明法的方法不但能测试得到混凝土导热系数,而且还可以得出高温热水与混凝土材料以及混凝土材料与洞内空气间的接触面对流换热系数,因此可用于评价赋存高温热水隧道围岩-混凝土材料-洞内空气等不同介质间的热传递性。(2) The method of the present invention can not only test the thermal conductivity of concrete, but also obtain the contact surface heat transfer coefficient between high-temperature hot water and concrete materials and between concrete materials and air in the tunnel. Therefore, it can be used to evaluate the heat transfer between different media such as surrounding rock, concrete materials, and air in the tunnel containing high-temperature hot water.

(3)本发明能模拟混凝土试件一侧为液态水而另一侧为空气的工况,更加符合隧道施工及运营实际情况。(3) The present invention can simulate the working condition where one side of the concrete specimen is liquid water and the other side is air, which is more in line with the actual situation of tunnel construction and operation.

(4)本发明的方法适用于30~150℃温度范围的赋存高温热水隧道围岩-混凝土材料-洞内空气等不同介质间的热传递性测试及评价,可为高地温隧道混凝土支护结构系统设计提供计算依据。(4) The method of the present invention is applicable to the testing and evaluation of heat transfer between different media such as surrounding rock, concrete material, and air in a tunnel containing high-temperature hot water in the temperature range of 30 to 150°C, and can provide a calculation basis for the design of concrete support structure systems in high-temperature tunnels.

附图说明BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

图1为本发明试验装置的结构示意图;FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the test device of the present invention;

图2为本发明防水板放置架的外形示意图;FIG2 is a schematic diagram of the appearance of a waterproof board placement rack of the present invention;

图3为贴片式温度传感器的安装示意图;FIG3 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a patch temperature sensor;

图4为热流传感器的安装示意图;FIG4 is a schematic diagram of the installation of a heat flow sensor;

图5为本发明高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性测试流程图。FIG5 is a flow chart of the heat transfer test of high temperature hot water tunnel concrete material according to the present invention.

图中主要部件符号说明如下:The main components in the figure are described as follows:

1、探针式温度传感器;2、陶瓷纤维布;3、耐高温隔热泡沫板;4、防水板;5、混凝土试件;6、导热水;7、防水板放置架;8、混凝土试件放置架;9、混凝土试模;10、水浴箱;11、试模预留孔;12、限位件;13、热流传感器;14、贴片式温度传感器;15、水温传感器;16、薄壁金属管。1. Probe type temperature sensor; 2. Ceramic fiber cloth; 3. High temperature resistant insulation foam board; 4. Waterproof board; 5. Concrete specimen; 6. Hot water; 7. Waterproof board placement rack; 8. Concrete specimen placement rack; 9. Concrete test mold; 10. Water bath; 11. Test mold reserved hole; 12. Limiting piece; 13. Heat flow sensor; 14. SMD temperature sensor; 15. Water temperature sensor; 16. Thin-walled metal tube.

具体实施方式DETAILED DESCRIPTION

下面对本发明的具体实施方式进行描述,以便于本技术领域的技术人员理解本发明,但应该清楚,本发明不限于具体实施方式的范围,对本技术领域的普通技术人员来讲,只要各种变化在所附的权利要求限定和确定的本发明的精神和范围内,这些变化是显而易见的,一切利用本发明构思的发明创造均在保护之列。The specific implementation modes of the present invention are described below to facilitate those skilled in the art to understand the present invention. However, it should be clear that the present invention is not limited to the scope of the specific implementation modes. For those of ordinary skill in the art, as long as various changes are within the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined and determined by the attached claims, these changes are obvious, and all inventions and creations utilizing the concept of the present invention are protected.

如图1、2、3和4所示,用于测试高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性方法的试验装置,如图1为该试验装置的结构示意图。测试高水温隧道混凝土材料热传递性的试验装置包括有探针式温度传感器1、陶瓷纤维布2、耐高温隔热泡沫板3、防水板4、导热水6、防水板放置架7、混凝土试件放置架8、混凝土试模9、水浴箱10、限位件12、热流传感器13、贴片式温度传感器14和水温传感器15;防水板放置架7、防水板4、陶瓷纤维布2和耐高温隔热泡沫板3上设置有安装混凝土试模9的预留开口;在混凝土试模9的底部设置有若干试模预留孔11;在混凝土试件内部不同深度设置有若干薄壁金属管16。混凝土试件放置架8为镂空板或者网架;混凝土试模9为热塑型塑料试模,若干试模预留孔11设置在热塑型塑料试模底部。As shown in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4, a test device for testing the heat transfer property of concrete materials in high-temperature hot water tunnels is shown in Figure 1 as a schematic diagram of the structure of the test device. The test device for testing the heat transfer property of concrete materials in high-temperature hot water tunnels includes a probe temperature sensor 1, a ceramic fiber cloth 2, a high-temperature resistant heat-insulating foam board 3, a waterproof board 4, a hot water conducting water 6, a waterproof board placement rack 7, a concrete specimen placement rack 8, a concrete test mold 9, a water bath 10, a limiter 12, a heat flow sensor 13, a patch temperature sensor 14 and a water temperature sensor 15; a reserved opening for installing the concrete test mold 9 is provided on the waterproof board placement rack 7, the waterproof board 4, the ceramic fiber cloth 2 and the high-temperature resistant heat-insulating foam board 3; a plurality of test mold reserved holes 11 are provided at the bottom of the concrete test mold 9; and a plurality of thin-walled metal pipes 16 are provided at different depths inside the concrete test mold. The concrete specimen placement rack 8 is a hollow plate or a grid; the concrete test mold 9 is a thermoplastic plastic test mold, and a plurality of test mold reserved holes 11 are provided at the bottom of the thermoplastic plastic test mold.

热流传感器13,量测温度范围-50℃~150℃,精确度±0.2℃,主要功能:量测计算混凝土试件热流密度。探针式温度传感器1和贴片式温度传感器14,量测温度范围-60℃~250℃,精度±0.4℃,采集频率30s/次,主要功能:实时显示和记录各测点的温度,可调控测量频率并记录数据。陶瓷纤维布2,主要功能:系保温绝热材料,减少热源热量的散失。耐高温隔热泡沫板3,主要功能:耐高温保温隔热,阻止热量由混凝土试件四周散失,最大限度确保热量由混凝土试件底部向其表面传递。防水板4,主要功能:阻止水蒸气溢出而影响混凝土试件表面测温的精度。混凝土试件5,其厚度可根据隧道工程需求确定,长和宽以消除四周边界影响为宜。导热水6,模拟赋存高温热水隧道环境热源。防水板放置架7,防水板放置架7应高出热水表面一定高度,主要功能:使水蒸气接触冷凝液化,阻止装置内水蒸气溢出影响混凝土试件测温的精度;用于铺设防水板4、陶瓷纤维布2和耐高温隔热泡沫板3。混凝土试件放置架8为金属材质,例如不锈钢具有较好的承载能力。混凝土试件放置架8为钢格板,钢格板上设置有镂空的孔洞,还可以是镂空板或者网架。混凝土试模9,混凝土试模9底部预留开孔使试件底面与导热水接触,混凝土试模9优选为热塑型塑料试模。混凝土试模9的底部设置有若干试模预留孔11。水浴箱10,内壁尺寸宜为700mm×500mm×1100mm(长×宽×高),温度控制范围20℃~150℃,主要功能:为箱内水体加热至设定温度并提供稳定热源。水浴箱10的内壁上还设置有对混凝土试件放置架8进行支撑的限位件12,限位件12用于支撑固定混凝土试件放置架8。水温传感器15,量测温度范围-50℃~150℃,精确度±0.2℃,水温传感器15用于量测导热水温度。薄壁金属管16,薄壁金属管16内侧管径稍大于探针式温度传感器1的外径,薄壁金属管16用于保证探针式温度传感器探头深度和位置,薄壁金属管16,优选为铜、铜合金、铝、铝合金、不锈钢等金属材质。Heat flux sensor 13, measuring temperature range -50℃~150℃, accuracy ±0.2℃, main function: measuring and calculating heat flux density of concrete specimen. Probe temperature sensor 1 and patch temperature sensor 14, measuring temperature range -60℃~250℃, accuracy ±0.4℃, acquisition frequency 30s/time, main function: real-time display and recording of temperature of each measuring point, adjustable measurement frequency and data recording. Ceramic fiber cloth 2, main function: thermal insulation material, reducing heat loss from heat source. High temperature resistant thermal insulation foam board 3, main function: high temperature resistant thermal insulation, preventing heat loss from the concrete specimen around, and ensuring heat transfer from the bottom of the concrete specimen to its surface to the maximum extent. Waterproof board 4, main function: preventing water vapor from overflowing and affecting the accuracy of temperature measurement on the surface of the concrete specimen. Concrete specimen 5, its thickness can be determined according to the requirements of the tunnel project, and its length and width should be suitable to eliminate the influence of the surrounding boundaries. Heat conducting water 6, simulates the heat source of the high temperature hot water tunnel environment. Waterproof board placement rack 7, waterproof board placement rack 7 should be higher than the hot water surface by a certain height, the main function is to make water vapor contact condensation liquefaction, prevent water vapor in the device from overflowing and affecting the accuracy of concrete specimen temperature measurement; used to lay waterproof board 4, ceramic fiber cloth 2 and high temperature resistant insulation foam board 3. Concrete specimen placement rack 8 is made of metal, such as stainless steel with good bearing capacity. Concrete specimen placement rack 8 is a steel grating, and the steel grating is provided with hollow holes, and can also be a hollow plate or a grid. Concrete test mold 9, the bottom of the concrete test mold 9 is reserved with openings so that the bottom surface of the test piece is in contact with the hot water, and the concrete test mold 9 is preferably a thermoplastic plastic test mold. The bottom of the concrete test mold 9 is provided with a number of test mold reserved holes 11. Water bath box 10, the inner wall size is preferably 700mm×500mm×1100mm (length×width×height), the temperature control range is 20℃~150℃, the main function is to heat the water in the box to the set temperature and provide a stable heat source. The inner wall of the water bath 10 is also provided with a limiter 12 for supporting the concrete specimen placement rack 8. The limiter 12 is used to support and fix the concrete specimen placement rack 8. The water temperature sensor 15 has a measuring temperature range of -50°C to 150°C and an accuracy of ±0.2°C. The water temperature sensor 15 is used to measure the temperature of the conductive water. The thin-walled metal tube 16 has an inner diameter slightly larger than the outer diameter of the probe-type temperature sensor 1. The thin-walled metal tube 16 is used to ensure the depth and position of the probe of the probe-type temperature sensor. The thin-walled metal tube 16 is preferably made of metal materials such as copper, copper alloy, aluminum, aluminum alloy, and stainless steel.

测试高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性的方法,包括有以下步骤:The method for testing the heat transfer properties of concrete materials in a high temperature hot water tunnel comprises the following steps:

S1:安装试验装置;S1: Install the test device;

S11:安装时,先将混凝土试件放置架8放置在水浴箱10中,然后调整导热水6液面至混凝土试件放置架8上部2-3cm处,再将防水板放置架7放置于混凝土试件放置架8上;S11: During installation, first place the concrete specimen rack 8 in the water bath 10, then adjust the liquid level of the hot water 6 to 2-3 cm above the concrete specimen rack 8, and then place the waterproof board rack 7 on the concrete specimen rack 8;

S12:将预留开口的防水板4、陶瓷纤维布2和耐高温隔热泡沫板3依次铺设在防水板放置架7上部;防水板4上设置有放置混凝土试件5的预留开口,预留开口与混凝土试件5的外部贴合;S12: Lay the waterproof board 4 with a reserved opening, the ceramic fiber cloth 2 and the high temperature resistant insulation foam board 3 on the upper part of the waterproof board placement frame 7 in sequence; the waterproof board 4 is provided with a reserved opening for placing the concrete specimen 5, and the reserved opening is in contact with the outside of the concrete specimen 5;

S2:制作混凝土试件5,在混凝土试件5内部布置若干的薄壁金属管16,将探针式温度传感器1固定在薄壁金属管16底部,并在混凝土试件5的上、下表面布置贴片式温度传感器14,以及在混凝土试件5的上、下表面分别布置热流传感器13;混凝土试件5与导热水6接触的底部、混凝土试件5与空气接触的上表面分别布置有贴片式温度传感器14,混凝土试件的内部布置有若干不同深度的探针式温度传感器1;S2: a concrete specimen 5 is prepared, a plurality of thin-walled metal tubes 16 are arranged inside the concrete specimen 5, a probe-type temperature sensor 1 is fixed to the bottom of the thin-walled metal tube 16, and patch-type temperature sensors 14 are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the concrete specimen 5, and heat flow sensors 13 are arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the concrete specimen 5 respectively; the bottom of the concrete specimen 5 in contact with the hot water 6 and the upper surface of the concrete specimen 5 in contact with the air are respectively arranged with patch-type temperature sensors 14, and a plurality of probe-type temperature sensors 1 of different depths are arranged inside the concrete specimen;

预先在混凝土试模9的底部固定贴片式温度传感器14和热流传感器13,将混凝土拌合物装入底部留有试模预留孔的混凝土试模9,然后将装有混凝土拌合物的混凝土试模9放置于振动台上振捣成型;振捣成型后将带模的混凝土试件5从振动台上取下,进行混凝土试件5内部薄壁金属管16和探针式温度传感器1的布置,以及余下贴片式温度传感器14和热流传感器13的布置。A patch temperature sensor 14 and a heat flow sensor 13 are fixed to the bottom of the concrete test mold 9 in advance, the concrete mixture is loaded into the concrete test mold 9 with a test mold reserved hole at the bottom, and then the concrete test mold 9 filled with the concrete mixture is placed on a vibration table for vibration molding; after vibration molding, the concrete specimen 5 with the mold is removed from the vibration table, and the thin-walled metal tube 16 and the probe temperature sensor 1 are arranged inside the concrete specimen 5, as well as the remaining patch temperature sensors 14 and heat flow sensors 13.

根据混凝土拌合物相关试验规程,按设计配合比拌制混凝土拌合物并进行拌合物工作性测试后,将混凝土拌合物装入底部留有试模预留孔11的混凝土试模9,根据实验需求选择不同大小的混凝土试模9,例如边长为100、150或者200mm的立方体试模;然后将装有混凝土拌合物的混凝土试模9放置于振动台上振捣成型;振捣成型后将带模的混凝土试件5从振动台上取下,进行混凝土试件内部薄壁金属管16、探针式温度传感器1、贴片式温度传感器14及热流传感器13的布置;According to the relevant test regulations for concrete mixtures, after mixing the concrete mixture according to the designed mix ratio and conducting the workability test of the mixture, the concrete mixture is placed in a concrete test mold 9 with a test mold reserved hole 11 at the bottom, and concrete test molds 9 of different sizes are selected according to experimental requirements, such as a cubic test mold with a side length of 100, 150 or 200 mm; then the concrete test mold 9 filled with the concrete mixture is placed on a vibration table for vibration molding; after vibration molding, the concrete specimen 5 with the mold is removed from the vibration table, and the thin-walled metal tube 16, the probe temperature sensor 1, the patch temperature sensor 14 and the heat flow sensor 13 are arranged inside the concrete specimen;

温度测点部位:在混凝土试模9与导热水6接触的底部、与空气接触的上表面布置温度测点,在混凝土试件5中部及其他不同深度部位布置探针式温度传感器;Temperature measuring point location: Temperature measuring points are arranged at the bottom of the concrete test mold 9 in contact with the hot water 6 and the upper surface in contact with the air, and probe-type temperature sensors are arranged in the middle of the concrete specimen 5 and other locations at different depths;

温度测点布置方法:混凝土试件5内布设有若干处不同长度的薄壁金属管16,薄壁金属管16的底部预埋于混凝土试件5各测点不同深度,探针式温度传感器1通过薄壁金属管16上的通孔伸入到薄壁金属管16底部与混凝土接触。在混凝土试件5上、下两界面采用贴片型温度传感器14,贴片型温度传感器14可直接放置于混凝土试件5上表面,当在下表面布置时,可在混凝土拌合物倒入混凝土试模9前将贴片型温度传感器14利用耐高温绝缘型胶粘剂粘贴于试模底部。Arrangement method of temperature measurement points: Several thin-walled metal tubes 16 of different lengths are arranged in the concrete specimen 5. The bottom of the thin-walled metal tube 16 is pre-buried at different depths at each measurement point of the concrete specimen 5. The probe-type temperature sensor 1 extends through the through hole on the thin-walled metal tube 16 to the bottom of the thin-walled metal tube 16 and contacts the concrete. The patch-type temperature sensor 14 is used at the upper and lower interfaces of the concrete specimen 5. The patch-type temperature sensor 14 can be directly placed on the upper surface of the concrete specimen 5. When arranged on the lower surface, the patch-type temperature sensor 14 can be attached to the bottom of the test mold 9 using a high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive before the concrete mixture is poured into the concrete test mold.

热流传感器13布置方法:在混凝土拌合物入模前将热流传感器13利用耐高温绝缘型胶粘剂粘贴于试模底部,待拌合物入模振捣成型后,将另一热流传感器13利用凡士林粘贴于混凝土试件上表面。Arrangement method of heat flow sensor 13: Before the concrete mixture is put into the mold, the heat flow sensor 13 is pasted to the bottom of the test mold with a high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive. After the mixture is vibrated into shape in the mold, another heat flow sensor 13 is pasted to the upper surface of the concrete specimen with vaseline.

S3:将各测点的探针式温度传感器1、贴片式温度传感器14、热流传感器13与数据采集仪连接,并设定采集频率;将带模混凝土试件放置于水浴箱预留位置,设定导热水6温度值后,启动水浴箱10内的加热装置将水加热至设定导热水温度值Tw,同时记录环境空气温度Ta,然后进行不间断数据采集,直至各测点数据变化趋于稳定;采集得到混凝土试件底部与热水接触界面温度Ts1、混凝土试件表面和空气接触界面温度Ts2、混凝土试件表面的热电势E1和混凝土试件底面的热电势E2;水浴箱10内的加热装置为电加热棒或者加热管,在水浴箱10内还设置有检测导热水水温的水温传感器15,在水浴箱10上还设置有进水口和出水口;S3: Connect the probe temperature sensor 1, the patch temperature sensor 14, and the heat flow sensor 13 of each measuring point to the data acquisition instrument, and set the acquisition frequency; place the concrete specimen with formwork in the reserved position of the water bath, set the temperature value of the hot water 6, start the heating device in the water bath 10 to heat the water to the set hot water temperature value Tw , and record the ambient air temperature Ta at the same time, and then perform uninterrupted data acquisition until the data changes at each measuring point tend to be stable; collect the interface temperature Ts1 between the bottom of the concrete specimen and the hot water, the interface temperature Ts2 between the surface of the concrete specimen and the air, the thermoelectric potential E1 on the surface of the concrete specimen, and the thermoelectric potential E2 on the bottom of the concrete specimen; the heating device in the water bath 10 is an electric heating rod or a heating tube, and a water temperature sensor 15 for detecting the temperature of the hot water is also provided in the water bath 10, and a water inlet and a water outlet are also provided on the water bath 10;

S4:根据步骤S3中采集的数据,计算高温热水中高地温隧道混凝土材料热传递性的各项参数;S4: Calculate various parameters of heat transfer properties of high ground temperature tunnel concrete materials in high temperature hot water according to the data collected in step S3;

计算混凝土材料热流密度q:Calculate the heat flux density q of concrete material:

q=Kr·|E1-E2|q=K r ·|E 1 −E 2 |

式中,q—混凝土材料热流密度,单位W/m2;Kr—热流传感器的分辨率,W/(m2.mV);E1—混凝土试件表面热电势,单位mV;E2—混凝土试件底面热电势,单位mV;Where, q is the heat flux density of concrete material, in W/m 2 ; K r is the resolution of the heat flux sensor, in W/(m 2 .mV); E 1 is the thermoelectric potential on the surface of the concrete specimen, in mV; E 2 is the thermoelectric potential on the bottom of the concrete specimen, in mV;

计算混凝土试件底部与热水接触界面表面对流换热系数h1Calculate the convection heat transfer coefficient h 1 of the interface between the bottom of the concrete specimen and the hot water:

式中,h1—混凝土试件底部与热水接触界面表面对流换热系数,单位W/(m2.K);Tw—热水温度,单位K;Ts1—混凝土试件底部与热水接触界面温度,单位K;Wherein, h 1 —convection heat transfer coefficient of the interface between the bottom of the concrete specimen and the hot water, unit W/(m 2 .K); T w —hot water temperature, unit K; T s1 —interface temperature between the bottom of the concrete specimen and the hot water, unit K;

计算混凝土试件表面和空气接触界面表面对流换热系数h2Calculate the convection heat transfer coefficient h 2 between the concrete specimen surface and the air contact interface:

式中,h2—混凝土试件表面与空气接触界面表面对流换热系数,单位W/(m2.K);Ts2—混凝土试件表面和空气接触界面温度,单位K;Ta—环境空气温度,单位K;Wherein, h 2 —convection heat transfer coefficient of the interface between the concrete specimen surface and the air, unit W/(m 2 .K); T s2 —interface temperature between the concrete specimen surface and the air, unit K; Ta —ambient air temperature, unit K;

计算混凝土材料导热系数λ:Calculate the thermal conductivity λ of concrete material:

式中,λ—混凝土材料导热系数,单位W/(m.K);δ—混凝土材料厚度,单位m。Wherein, λ is the thermal conductivity of concrete material, in units of W/(m.K); δ is the thickness of concrete material, in units of m.

同时,根据埋置于混凝土试件5内部不同深度处的探针式温度传感器1得到的温度数据,可以得到混凝土试件5内部温度梯度分布。At the same time, the temperature gradient distribution inside the concrete specimen 5 can be obtained according to the temperature data obtained by the probe-type temperature sensor 1 buried at different depths inside the concrete specimen 5 .

如图5所示,高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性测试流程图。As shown in Figure 5, the heat transfer test flow chart of high-temperature hot water tunnel concrete materials.

Claims (6)

1.一种测试高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:1. A method for testing the heat transferability of high-temperature hot water tunnel concrete material, characterized by comprising the following steps: S1:安装试验装置;S1: Install the test device; 试验装置包括有探针式温度传感器(1)、陶瓷纤维布(2)、耐高温隔热泡沫板(3)、防水板(4)、导热水(6)、防水板放置架(7)、混凝土试件放置架(8)、混凝土试模(9)、水浴箱(10)、限位件(12)、热流传感器(13)、贴片式温度传感器(14)和水温传感器(15);防水板放置架(7)、防水板(4)、陶瓷纤维布(2)和耐高温隔热泡沫板(3)上设置有安装混凝土试模(9)的预留开口;在混凝土试模(9)的底部设置有若干试模预留孔(11);The test device comprises a probe temperature sensor (1), a ceramic fiber cloth (2), a high temperature resistant heat insulating foam board (3), a waterproof board (4), a heat conducting water (6), a waterproof board placement rack (7), a concrete specimen placement rack (8), a concrete test mold (9), a water bath (10), a stopper (12), a heat flow sensor (13), a patch temperature sensor (14) and a water temperature sensor (15); a reserved opening for installing the concrete test mold (9) is provided on the waterproof board placement rack (7), the waterproof board (4), the ceramic fiber cloth (2) and the high temperature resistant heat insulating foam board (3); and a plurality of test mold reserved holes (11) are provided at the bottom of the concrete test mold (9); S2:制作混凝土试件(5),在混凝土试件(5)内部布置若干的薄壁金属管(16),将探针式温度传感器(1)固定在薄壁金属管(16)底部,并在混凝土试件(5)的上、下表面分别布置贴片式温度传感器(14),以及在混凝土试件(5)的上、下表面分别布置热流传感器(13);S2: a concrete specimen (5) is prepared, a plurality of thin-walled metal tubes (16) are arranged inside the concrete specimen (5), a probe-type temperature sensor (1) is fixed to the bottom of the thin-walled metal tube (16), and a patch-type temperature sensor (14) is arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the concrete specimen (5), and a heat flow sensor (13) is arranged on the upper and lower surfaces of the concrete specimen (5); 预先在混凝土试模(9)的底部固定贴片式温度传感器(14)和热流传感器(13),将混凝土拌合物装入底部留有试模预留孔的混凝土试模(9),然后将装有混凝土拌合物的混凝土试模(9)放置于振动台上振捣成型;振捣成型后将带模的混凝土试件(5)从振动台上取下,进行混凝土试件(5)内部薄壁金属管(16)和探针式温度传感器(1)的布置,以及余下贴片式温度传感器(14)和热流传感器(13)的布置;A patch temperature sensor (14) and a heat flow sensor (13) are fixed to the bottom of a concrete test mold (9) in advance, a concrete mixture is placed in a concrete test mold (9) with a test mold reserved hole at the bottom, and then the concrete test mold (9) containing the concrete mixture is placed on a vibration table for vibration molding; after vibration molding, the concrete test piece (5) with the mold is removed from the vibration table, and a thin-walled metal tube (16) and a probe temperature sensor (1) are arranged inside the concrete test piece (5), and the remaining patch temperature sensors (14) and heat flow sensors (13) are arranged; S3:将各测点的探针式温度传感器(1)、贴片式温度传感器(14)、热流传感器(13)与数据采集仪连接,并设定采集频率;将带模混凝土试件放置于水浴箱预留位置,设定导热水(6)温度值后,启动水浴箱(10)内的加热装置将水加热至设定导热水温度值Tw,同时记录环境空气温度Ta,然后进行不间断数据采集,直至各测点数据的变化趋于稳定;采集得到混凝土试件底部与热水接触界面温度Ts1、混凝土试件表面和空气接触界面温度Ts2、混凝土试件表面的热电势E1和混凝土试件底面的热电势E2S3: Connect the probe temperature sensor (1), the patch temperature sensor (14), and the heat flow sensor (13) at each measuring point to the data acquisition instrument, and set the acquisition frequency; place the concrete specimen with formwork in a reserved position of the water bath, set the temperature value of the hot water (6), start the heating device in the water bath (10) to heat the water to the set hot water temperature value Tw , and record the ambient air temperature Ta at the same time, and then continuously collect data until the changes in the data at each measuring point tend to be stable; collect the interface temperature Ts1 between the bottom of the concrete specimen and the hot water, the interface temperature Ts2 between the surface of the concrete specimen and the air, the thermoelectric potential E1 of the surface of the concrete specimen, and the thermoelectric potential E2 of the bottom of the concrete specimen; S4:根据步骤S3中采集的数据,计算高温热水中高地温隧道混凝土材料热传递性的各项参数;S4: Calculate various parameters of heat transfer properties of high ground temperature tunnel concrete materials in high temperature hot water according to the data collected in step S3; 计算混凝土材料热流密度q:Calculate the heat flux density q of concrete material: q=Kr·|E1-E2|q=K r ·|E 1 −E 2 | 式中,q—混凝土材料热流密度,单位W/m2;Kr—热流传感器的分辨率,W/(m2.mV);Where, q is the heat flux density of concrete material, in W/m 2 ; K r is the resolution of the heat flux sensor, in W/(m 2 .mV); 计算混凝土试件底部与热水接触界面表面对流换热系数h1Calculate the convection heat transfer coefficient h 1 of the interface between the bottom of the concrete specimen and the hot water: 式中,h1—混凝土试件底部与热水接触界面表面对流换热系数,单位W/(m2.K);Where, h 1 —convection heat transfer coefficient of the interface between the bottom of the concrete specimen and the hot water, unit: W/(m 2 .K); 计算混凝土试件表面和空气接触界面表面对流换热系数h2Calculate the convection heat transfer coefficient h 2 between the concrete specimen surface and the air contact interface: 式中,h2—混凝土试件表面与空气接触界面表面对流换热系数,单位W/(m2.K);Where, h 2 —convection heat transfer coefficient of the interface between the concrete specimen surface and the air, unit: W/(m 2 .K); 计算混凝土材料导热系数λ:Calculate the thermal conductivity λ of concrete material: 式中,λ—混凝土材料导热系数,单位W/(m.K);δ—混凝土材料厚度,单位m;In the formula, λ is the thermal conductivity of concrete material, in units of W/(m.K); δ is the thickness of concrete material, in units of m; 同时,根据埋置于混凝土试件内部不同深度处的探针式温度传感器得到的温度数据,得到混凝土试件内部温度梯度分布。At the same time, the temperature gradient distribution inside the concrete specimen is obtained based on the temperature data obtained by the probe temperature sensor buried at different depths inside the concrete specimen. 2.根据权利要求1所述的测试高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性的方法,其特征在于,步骤S1中还包括有如下步骤:2. The method for testing the heat transfer property of high temperature hot water tunnel concrete material according to claim 1, characterized in that step S1 also includes the following steps: S11:安装时,先将混凝土试件放置架(8)放置在水浴箱(10)中,然后调整导热水(6)液面至混凝土试件放置架(8)上部2-3cm处,再将防水板放置架(7)放置于混凝土试件放置架(8)上;S11: During installation, the concrete specimen placement rack (8) is first placed in the water bath (10), and then the liquid level of the hot water (6) is adjusted to 2-3 cm above the concrete specimen placement rack (8), and then the waterproof board placement rack (7) is placed on the concrete specimen placement rack (8); S12:将预留开口的防水板(4)、陶瓷纤维布(2)和耐高温隔热泡沫板(3)依次铺设在防水板放置架(7)上部;防水板(4)上设置有放置混凝土试件(5)的预留开口,预留开口与混凝土试件(5)的外部贴合。S12: laying a waterproof board (4) with a reserved opening, a ceramic fiber cloth (2) and a high-temperature resistant heat-insulating foam board (3) in sequence on the upper part of a waterproof board placement frame (7); a reserved opening for placing a concrete test piece (5) is provided on the waterproof board (4), and the reserved opening is fitted with the exterior of the concrete test piece (5). 3.根据权利要求2所述的测试高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性的方法,其特征在于,所述水浴箱(10)内的加热装置为电加热棒或者加热管,所述水浴箱(10)上还设置有进水口和出水口。3. The method for testing the heat transfer properties of high-temperature hot water tunnel concrete materials according to claim 2 is characterized in that the heating device in the water bath (10) is an electric heating rod or a heating tube, and the water bath (10) is also provided with a water inlet and a water outlet. 4.根据权利要求1所述的测试高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性的方法,其特征在于,所述混凝土试件(5)内部设有若干处不同长度的薄壁金属管(16),所述薄壁金属管(16)的底部预埋于混凝土试件(5)各测点不同深度,所述探针式温度传感器(1)通过所述薄壁金属管(16)上的通孔伸入到所述薄壁金属管(16)底部与混凝土接触。4. The method for testing the heat transfer property of concrete material in a high-temperature hot water tunnel according to claim 1 is characterized in that a plurality of thin-walled metal tubes (16) of different lengths are arranged inside the concrete specimen (5), the bottom of the thin-walled metal tube (16) is pre-buried at different depths at each measuring point of the concrete specimen (5), and the probe-type temperature sensor (1) extends through a through hole on the thin-walled metal tube (16) to the bottom of the thin-walled metal tube (16) to contact the concrete. 5.根据权利要求1所述的测试高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性的方法,其特征在于,所述混凝土试件(5)底部的热流传感器(13)通过耐高温绝缘型胶粘剂粘接,所述混凝土试件(5)上表面的热流传感器通过凡士林粘接。5. The method for testing the heat transfer property of high-temperature hot water tunnel concrete material according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat flux sensor (13) at the bottom of the concrete specimen (5) is bonded by a high-temperature resistant insulating adhesive, and the heat flux sensor on the upper surface of the concrete specimen (5) is bonded by vaseline. 6.根据权利要求1所述的测试高温热水隧道混凝土材料热传递性的方法,其特征在于,所述混凝土试件放置架(8)为镂空板或者网架;所述混凝土试模(9)为热塑型塑料试模,若干所述试模预留孔(11)设置在热塑型塑料试模底部。6. The method for testing the heat transfer properties of high-temperature hot water tunnel concrete materials according to claim 1 is characterized in that the concrete specimen placement rack (8) is a hollow plate or a grid; the concrete test mold (9) is a thermoplastic plastic test mold, and a plurality of the test mold reserved holes (11) are arranged at the bottom of the thermoplastic plastic test mold.
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