CN115467163A - 一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115467163A
CN115467163A CN202211195326.5A CN202211195326A CN115467163A CN 115467163 A CN115467163 A CN 115467163A CN 202211195326 A CN202211195326 A CN 202211195326A CN 115467163 A CN115467163 A CN 115467163A
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姜孝武
张仕海
汪润泽
倪伶俐
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Feima Clothing (Chaozhou) Co.,Ltd.
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：S1：将盐酸多巴胺和巯基硅氧烷混合溶解在乙醇中，形成混合溶液，将清洗干净的纤维织物浸泡在上述混合溶液中，静置6‑10h，结束后分别通过乙醇、去离子水洗涤除去未反应的水解产物，得到表面巯基改性的纤维织物；S2：配制乙烯基功能化的自由基清除剂和胺类催化剂的乙醇溶液，将S1得到的表面巯基功能化的纤维织物浸泡在上述溶液中，反应1‑2 h，结束后分别通过乙醇、去离子水多次洗涤后，得到自由基清除剂改性的抗静电纤维织物。本发明方法适用的织物种类多样，改性制备的织物具有优异的抗静电效果和耐洗涤性能，且工艺简单、成本较低，可用于对抗静电效果要求较高的领域。

Description

一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于织物的表面加工处理技术领域，特别涉及一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法。
背景技术
随着人们的生活水平日益提高,对于纤维纺织品也提出了新的要求。抗静电作为一个长久以来存在的问题,一直受到人们的关注。在矿井、手术台等环境下,静电带来的危害难以想象。
纤维织物表面的抗静电性能的实现主要依赖于表面电荷的有效逸散。具体而言，可以通过在织物表面引入亲水性基团，提高纤维的吸湿性，通过水自身的导电性加快电荷逸散。但此类方法的抗静电效果难以长久保存,耐洗涤效果差,且在低湿度条件下不显示抗静电性能。另一类重要方法是采用金属纤维、碳纤维、导电聚合物等导电纤维通过复合纺丝得到的导电物质复合型导电纤维织物。导电纤维的应用使纺织品抗静电效果显著、耐久而不受环境湿度的影响,并可应用于防静电工作服等特种功能性纺织品。但这类方法需要的导电组分比例较大，导致成本较高且影响织物自身的柔韧性和肌肤的舒适性。为此，需要构建一种新型的纤维织物表面静电逸散的方法，来显著提高织物的抗静电性能。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法，本发明通过自由基清除剂改性来制备表面抗静电纤维织物。本发明适用的织物种类多样，改性制备的织物具有优异的抗静电效果和耐洗涤性能，且工艺简单、成本较低，可用于对抗静电效果要求较高的领域。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
S1：将盐酸多巴胺和巯基硅氧烷混合溶解在乙醇中，形成混合溶液，将清洗干净的纤维织物浸泡在上述混合溶液中，静置6-10h，结束后分别通过乙醇、去离子水洗涤除去未反应的水解产物，得到表面巯基改性的纤维织物；
S2：配制乙烯基功能化的自由基清除剂和胺类催化剂的乙醇溶液，将S1得到的表面巯基功能化的纤维织物浸泡在上述溶液中，反应1-2 h，结束后分别通过乙醇、去离子水多次洗涤后，得到自由基清除剂改性的抗静电纤维织物。
本发明的进一步改进方案为：
S1中所述的纤维织物为涤纶、丙纶和腈纶中的任意一种；
进一步的，S1中所述的巯基硅氧烷为3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷或巯丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷中的一种或两种以上混合。
进一步的，S1中所述盐酸多巴胺与巯基硅氧烷的质量比为1:0.5-1。
进一步的，S2中所述乙烯基功能化的自由基清除剂为以下结构中的一种或两种以上混合：
Figure 583676DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
。
进一步的，S2中所述胺类催化剂为三乙胺、乙二胺或异丙胺中的一种或两种以上混合。
进一步的，S2中所述乙烯基功能化的自由基清除剂与胺类催化剂的质量比为10:1-5。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
1. 本发明基于自由基与表面电荷的共轭稳定作用原理，通过清除表面的自由基诱导纤维织物累积的纤维织物表面的电荷的快速逸散，从而实现表面抗静电的效果。
2. 本发明通过共价键接枝的方法，将自由基清除剂键接到纤维织物表面。通过稳定的化学键接枝在纤维织物表面的抗静电剂不易脱落，耐水洗性能优异。
3. 因为自由基清除剂是一种稳定自由基，在捕捉纤维织物活泼自由基后形成的结构不稳定，在外界水洗、揉搓等作用力下会重新形成稳定自由基，使其恢复抗静电性。因此，该表面抗静电织物抗静电效果长久，不存在静电饱和的问题。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施方式对本发明进行详细的介绍。
实施例1
量取pH =8.5的缓冲溶液100ml，向其中加入0.2g的盐酸多巴胺，搅拌溶解后再加入0.15g的3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷的乙醇溶液。将清洗干净的涤纶浸泡在该混合溶液中，静置8 h。然后取出织物后用乙醇和去离子水依次洗涤，得到表面巯基改性的涤纶纤维织物。
称取0.2g的烯烃功能化的自由基清除剂B和0.05g三乙胺的乙醇溶液，将上述巯基功能化的涤纶织物浸泡在上述溶液中，反应1.5 h。结束后通过乙醇、去离子水多次洗涤后，制得自由基清除剂改性的抗静电纤维涤纶织物。
实施例2
量取pH =8.5的缓冲溶液100ml，向其中加入0.2g的盐酸多巴胺，搅拌溶解后再加入0.1g的3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的乙醇溶液。将清洗干净的丙纶浸泡在该混合溶液中，静置6h。然后取出织物后用乙醇和去离子水依次洗涤，得到表面巯基改性的丙纶纤维织物。
称取0.2g的烯烃功能化的自由基清除剂A和0.05g乙二胺的乙醇溶液，将上述巯基功能化的织物浸泡在上述溶液中，反应1 h。结束后通过乙醇、去离子水多次洗涤后，制得自由基清除剂改性的抗静电丙纶纤维织物。
实施例3
量取pH =8.5的缓冲溶液100ml，向其中加入0.2g的盐酸多巴胺，搅拌溶解后再加入0.15g的巯丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷的乙醇溶液。将清洗干净的尼龙浸泡在该混合溶液中，静置6h。然后取出织物后用乙醇和去离子水依次洗涤，得到表面巯基改性的腈纶纤维织物。
称取0.2g的烯烃功能化的自由基清除剂A和0.05g乙二胺的乙醇溶液，将上述巯基功能化的织物浸泡在上述溶液中，反应1 h。结束后通过乙醇、去离子水多次洗涤后，制得自由基清除剂改性的抗静电腈纶纤维织物。
实施例4：性能测试
分别检测实施例1-3得到的表面抗静电纤维织物的相关性能：采用国家标准GB/T12703.2- 2021手动摩擦法中规定的方法进行表面电荷密度的检测，采用GB/T 12703.7-2010动态静电压中规定的方法进行静电压的检测，采用GB/T12703.1-2008静电压半衰期中规定的方法进行半衰期的检测，具体测试结果见表1。
表1 不同实施例中制备的抗静电织物的性能测试结果
Figure 517128DEST_PATH_IMAGE004
由表1可知，本发明方法制备的表面抗静电纤维织物具有优异的抗静电效果。表面电荷密度较低，基本达到抗静电纺织品的要求（≤ 7μC/m2）；半衰期较短（≤ 15s），其中实施例1和2中均达到A级标准（≤ 2s），且感应静电压较低（≤ 500V）。
上述实施方式只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所做的等效变换或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

1.一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
S1：将盐酸多巴胺和巯基硅氧烷混合溶解在乙醇中，形成混合溶液，将清洗干净的纤维织物浸泡在上述混合溶液中，静置6-10h，结束后分别通过乙醇、去离子水洗涤除去未反应的水解产物，得到表面巯基改性的纤维织物；
S2：配制乙烯基功能化的自由基清除剂和胺类催化剂的乙醇溶液，将S1得到的表面巯基功能化的纤维织物浸泡在上述溶液中，反应1-2 h，结束后分别通过乙醇、去离子水多次洗涤后，得到自由基清除剂改性的抗静电纤维织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于：S1中所述的纤维织物为涤纶、丙纶和腈纶中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于：S1中所述的巯基硅氧烷为3-巯丙基三乙氧基硅烷、3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷或巯丙基甲基二甲氧基硅烷中的一种或两种以上混合。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于：S1中所述盐酸多巴胺与巯基硅氧烷的质量比为1:0.5-1。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于：S2中所述乙烯基功能化的自由基清除剂为以下结构中的一种或两种以上混合：
Figure DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于：S2中所述胺类催化剂为三乙胺、乙二胺或异丙胺中的一种或两种以上混合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种表面抗静电纤维织物的制备方法，其特征在于：S2中所述乙烯基功能化的自由基清除剂与胺类催化剂的质量比为10:1-5。
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