CN115466218B - 一种低共熔溶剂及其吸收so2应用 - Google Patents

一种低共熔溶剂及其吸收so2应用 Download PDF

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CN115466218B
CN115466218B CN202211301722.1A CN202211301722A CN115466218B CN 115466218 B CN115466218 B CN 115466218B CN 202211301722 A CN202211301722 A CN 202211301722A CN 115466218 B CN115466218 B CN 115466218B
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王超
丁俊超
李嘉雯
张铭
朱文帅
李华明
范益群
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Jiangsu University
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Abstract

本发明属于绿色化工领域,公开了一种具有高循环性能的低共熔溶剂及其在吸收SO2中的应用。该低共熔溶剂由氢键受体和氢键供体组成,其中氢键受体为含卤素阴离子的有机盐类化合物:氯化‑1‑乙基‑3‑甲基咪唑,氢键供体为含有氮杂原子的六元杂环化合物:2‑氨基吡啶、3‑氨基吡啶、4‑氨基吡啶、3‑羟基吡啶、4‑羟基吡啶。本发明中的双咪唑基低共熔溶剂在25℃和1.0bar的条件下,EmimCl:2‑NH2Py摩尔比为7:1时对SO2的吸收容量高达1.247g/g;SO2/CO2选择性高,理想气体选择性指数为312;循环性能好,吸收‑解吸40次后活性仍无明显下降:并且合成的DESs在45s内基本上实现吸收平衡。本发明的低共熔溶剂具有SO2吸收量高、稳定性好、循环性能优异等特点,并且绿色环保。

Description

一种低共熔溶剂及其吸收SO2应用
技术领域
本发明属绿色化工领域,涉及一种具有高循环性能的低共熔溶剂,以及该低共熔溶剂在SO2捕集中的应用。
背景技术
随着社会的不断发展以及全球工业化步伐的加快,煤炭、石油和天然气等化石能源的消耗量不断增加,大气中二氧化硫(SO2)的含量不断上升。大气中过量的SO2会对动植物造成极大的危害,使得大气、水体和土壤受到了不同程度的污染,严重危害了人类的生活质量和身体健康,极大的阻碍了环境可持续发展。尤其是大气污染,具有扩散迅速和污染范围广的特点,有效遏制和根治大气污染是治理环境污染的重要一环。随着全球环境保护意识的提高,对烟气脱硫技术(FGD)提出了更高的要求,因此各种FGD技术应运而生。
根据燃煤烟气脱硫过程中吸收剂和脱硫产物的状态又分为干法、半干法和湿法脱硫。其中石灰、石灰石湿法脱硫应用最为广泛并且技术成熟,但其最大的缺陷是吸收剂不可再生,并且在脱硫过程中会产生大量的副产物石膏和废水。有机胺法虽然在SO2捕集方面具有很大的优势,但是有机胺易挥发,不光造成了有机胺的浪费,并有机胺会随着烟气进入环境,对环境造成二次污染。近年来,离子液体(ILs)是一种室温有机熔融盐,具有蒸汽压低、可以再生、热稳定性好、结构可调等优点,并且对酸性气体表现出较好的亲和性,在烟气脱硫方面引起了广泛的关注。但由于ILs的高昂的成本、繁杂的合成过程和净化工艺、吸收SO2后黏度变高、难以生物降解和存在一定毒性等问题,严重限制了它们进一步的工业应用。
因此,开发一种新型的SO2吸收剂对于煤炭的清洁和高效利用有着重要的意义。近年来,科研人员发现低共熔溶剂(DESs)作为一种新型溶剂,不仅具有和ILs相似的物理化学性质,同时克服了ILs的局限性,还有成本低、合成周期短、环境友好、挥发性低、结构可调等优点。由于DESs是由氢键受体(HBA)和氢键供体(HBDs)通过氢键作用按一定摩尔比例形成的低熔点混合物。其制备过程中无需加入其他溶剂,也不需要纯化,是当今绿色化学发展的主流吸收剂之一。其中,不同化学计量比、不同种类的氢键供体(HBDs)和(HBAs)形成的DESs的性能通常存在差异。因此,为了实现对烟气中的SO2气体的高性能选择性吸收,合理选择HBDs和HBAs是制备DESs吸收剂的关键。
氯化-1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑(EmimCl)是一种非常常见的HBAs,并且在SO2吸收方面有很重要的作用,其中EmimCl中的Cl-与SO2的协同作用使得合成含有EmimCl的DESs对SO2有较高的吸收量,其已经被用于合成不同种类的DESs。此外,根据文献报道,分子结构中含有氮杂环(如咪唑环、吡咯环和吡啶环等)的HBDs,形成的DESs对SO2气体具有较高的吸收性能。此外,当HBDs的结构中含有-OH、-NH2等官能团时,有利于合成得到高SO2气体吸收性能的DESs,但该类DESs吸收速率较慢、选择性较低、循环性能较差。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的技术问题,本发明采用的氨基吡啶和羟基吡啶是两种具有多个官能团的含氮杂环化合物,且都具有多个HBAs位点和HBDs位点。若将其与EmimCl进行组合,则有望制备一类具有高SO2气体吸收性能的DESs吸收剂。若合成含有高EmimCl含量的DESs,则其不光具有高的SO2吸收量且利于SO2的解吸,对其合成的DESs的循环性能有很大的提升。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种具有高效循环性能的DESs吸收剂。
本发明最后要解决的技术问题是提供上述具有高效循环性能的DESs吸收剂的应用。
本文提出了一种具有高效循环性能的DESs吸收剂,由氢键受体(HBAs)和氢键供体(HBDs)通过氢键作用,按一定摩尔比例形成,氢键受体HBAs是含卤素阴离子的有机盐类化合物,氢键供体HBDs是含有氮杂原子的六元杂环化合物。
优选的,所述的含卤素阴离子的有机盐类化合物为1-乙基-3-甲基氯化咪唑。上述化合物的结构式为:
优选的,所述的含有氮杂原子的六元杂环化合物为2-氨基吡啶(2-NH2Py)、3-氨基吡啶(3-NH2Py)、4-氨基吡啶(4-NH2Py)、3-羟基吡啶(3-HOPy)、4羟基吡啶(4-HOPy)中的一种,最优选2-氨基吡啶。上述各化合物的结构式为:
其中,所述的具有高效循环性能的DESs中,HBAs:HBDs的摩尔比为0.5:1~7:1。
其中,所述的具有高效循环性能的DESs在室温下为液体,熔点远低于单组分的熔点。
其中,所述的氯化-1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑、2-氨基吡啶、3-氨基吡啶、4-氨基吡啶、3-羟基吡啶、4-羟基吡啶可以直接从试剂供应商处购买,无需进一步纯化。
上述具有高效循环性能DESs吸收剂的制备方法,步骤为:
将一定摩尔比的HBAs:HBDs放入玻璃瓶中,密闭并将其置于100℃的油浴中,以800rpm的转速搅拌3h,之后将玻璃瓶移出油浴,冷却至室温即可得到所需的高效循环性能的DESs吸收剂。
本发明还提供上述具有高效循环性DESs吸收剂在SO2吸收中的应用。
在25℃、1.0bar下,45s内达到吸收平衡,所述的低共熔溶剂对SO2的吸收容量,最高可达1.247g/g。
所述的低共熔溶剂具有优异的SO2/CO2选择性,在25℃、1.0bar下,EmimCl:2-NH2Py摩尔比为7:1时,理想气体选择性指数为312。
所述的DESs具有优异循环使用性能和稳定性,EmimCl:2-NH2Py摩尔比为7:1时,吸收-解吸40次后活性仍无明显下降并且吸收容量基本不变。
本发明的有益效果为:
本发明所述的低共熔溶剂可用于高效、高循环和可选择性的对气体中的SO2进行捕集,其原理是氢键供体中的含有碱性的氨基和吡啶环:氨基和吡啶环为SO2的化学吸收提供活性位点;氢键受体中的氯离子产生的协同作用可以弱化SO2和DESs的相互作用;并且氢键受体为咪唑类化合物,其可以在较高温度下发生去质子化反应,使DESs利于解吸SO2气体从而便于DESs的循环使用。
本发明具有以下优点:
1、所制备的DESs吸收剂含有多个活性位点可与SO2相互作用,可在短时间内高效吸收SO2气体,SO2吸收量大,吸收效率高。
2、所制备的DESs吸收剂具有优异的SO2/CO2选择性。
3、所制备的DESs吸收剂具有高热稳定性和难挥发性,有利于吸收剂的长期使用。
4、采用了碱性合适的吸收剂,从而能够可逆的对SO2进行捕集,SO2可以实现资源化回收利用。
5、提供了一种新型的可以对SO2进行捕集的吸收剂,制备过程简单,无需纯化,合成过程中无副产物的产生,成本低,符合绿色化学的宗旨。
附图说明
图1为不同吸收温度对DES(EmimCl:2-NH2Py=7:1)的SO2吸收容量的影响;
图2不同氢键供体的DESs的SO2吸收速率;
图3为DES(EmimCl:2-NH2Py=7:1)分别对SO2和CO2的吸收容量;
图4为DES(EmimCl:2-NH2Py=7:1)的循环使用性能。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的内容仅用于说明本发明,但是本发明并不局限于以下实施例。
实施例1:
称取EmimCl(1.4662g)、2-NH2Py(1.8823g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:2-NH2Py(0.5:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(0.5:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.009g/g。
实施例2:
称取EmimCl(2.9324g)、2-NH2Py(1.8823g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:2-NH2Py(1:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(1:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.056g/g。
实施例3:
称取EmimCl(5.8648g)、2-NH2Py(1.8823g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:2-NH2Py(2:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(2:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.066g/g。
实施例4:
称取EmimCl(4.3986g)、2-NH2Py(0.9412g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:2-NH2Py(3:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(3:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.081g/g。
实施例5:
称取EmimCl(5.8648g)、2-NH2Py(0.9412g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:2-NH2Py(4:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(4:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.072g/g。
实施例6:
称取EmimCl(7.3310g)、2-NH2Py(0.9412g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:2-NH2Py(5:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(5:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.145g/g。
实施例7:
称取EmimCl(4.3986g)、2-NH2Py(0.4706g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:2-NH2Py(6:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(6:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.179g/g。
实施例8:
称取EmimCl(5.1317g)、2-NH2Py(0.4706g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:2-NH2Py(7:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(7:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.247g/g,见附图1。
实施例9:
称取EmimCl(5.1317g)、3-NH2Py(0.4706g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:3-NH2Py(7:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:3-NH2Py(7:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.244g/g。
实施例10:
称取EmimCl(5.1317g)、4-NH2Py(0.4706g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:4-NH2Py(7:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:4-NH2Py(7:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.248g/g。
实施例11:
称取EmimCl(5.1317g)、3-HOPy(0.4722g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:3-HOPy(7:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:3-HOPy(7:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.120g/g。
实施例12:
称取EmimCl(5.1317g)、4-HOPy(0.4722g)于烧瓶中,在100℃下搅拌混合约3小时,直至形成均一液相,制成本发明所述的吸收剂EmimCl:4-HOPy(7:1)。称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:4-HOPy(7:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.231g/g。
实施例13:实施例8-12所制备的不同氢键供体的DESs的SO2吸收速率
称取~0.1000g制备好的DESs,实施例8制备的EmimCl:2-NH2Py(7:1)、实施例9制备的EmimCl:3-NH2Py(7:1)、实施例10制备的EmimCl:4-NH2Py(7:1)、实施例11制备的EmimCl:3-HOPy(7:1)、实施例12制备的EmimCl:4-HOPy(7:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐与储气罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,待压力稳定后,向吸收罐中充入~1.0bar的SO2,记录每秒的压力变化,吸收45s后(1.0bar),基本上到达吸收平衡。见附图2
实施例14:
称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(7:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于20℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为1.465g/g,见附图1。
实施例15:
称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(7:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于40℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为0.942g/g,见附图1。
实施例16:
称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(7:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于60℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为0.683g/g,见附图1。
实施例17:
称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(7:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于80℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入SO2,每0.1bar的吸收时间为10min,吸收100min后(1.0bar),最高吸收容量为0.565g/g,见附图1。
实施例18:实施例8所得的DES(EmimCl:2-NH2Py=7:1)对SO2和CO2的吸收容量;
称取~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(7:1)置于吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入1.0bar的CO2,压力下降后及时补充CO2使压力维持在1.0bar,吸收饱和后,最高吸收容量为0.004g/g。同等条件下SO2吸收容量的为1.247g/g,可知该吸收剂对SO2/CO2的理想选择性指数为312。见附图3
实施例19:实施例8所得的DES(EmimCl:2-NH2Py=7:1)循环性能
称取约~0.1000g预先制备好的DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(7:1)吸收罐并用磁力搅拌子搅拌(350rpm),将吸收罐密封后置于25℃的恒温水浴中,向吸收罐中充入1.0bar的SO2,压力下降后及时补充SO2使压力维持在1.0bar。吸收饱和后,将罐内残留的气体抽真空,并且将恒温水浴的温度升高至80℃。持续抽真空大约1h后,向不锈钢罐中引入N2将罐中剩余的SO2气体排尽。将恒温水浴温度降至25℃,待各部温度稳定后继续进行上述吸收实验。重复该过程40次后即可完成循环使用性能考察,该吸收剂在重复使用40次后,吸收容量仍然可以达到1.1677g/g,见附图4。
表1 DESs EmimCl:2-NH2Py(7:1)对SO2的循环吸收量
第1次 第2次 第3次 第4次 第5次
1.2537g/g 1.2408g/g 1.1975g/g 1.2293g/g 1.2417g/g
第6次 第7次 第8次 第9次 第10次
1.2128g/g 1.2214g/g 1.1993g/g 1.1967g/g 1.1915g/g
第11次 第12次 第13次 第14次 第15次
1.1876g/g 1.1981g/g 1.2001g/g 1.1931g/g 1.1897g/g
第16次 第17次 第18次 第19次 第20次
1.1956g/g 1.2330g/g 1.1774g/g 1.2141g/g 1.1726g/g
第21次 第22次 第23次 第24次 第25次
1.1768g/g 1.1998g/g 1.1737g/g 1.1874g/g 1.1886g/g
第26次 第27次 第28次 第29次 第30次
1.1938g/g 1.1800g/g 1.1743g/g 1.1856g/g 1.1800g/g
第31次 第32次 第33次 第34次 第35次
1.1908g/g 1.1678g/g 1.1728g/g 1.1695g/g 1.1733g/g
第36次 第37次 第38次 第39次 第40次
1.1488g/g 1.1500g/g 1.1570g/g 1.1636g/g 1.1677g/g
以上数据可以看出本发明提供的低共熔溶剂对SO2的吸收量高、循环利用次数多并且重复吸收的效果很好,见附图4。

Claims (3)

1.一种低共熔溶剂,其特征在于,由氢键受体HBAs和氢键供体HBDs通过氢键作用按一定摩尔比例形成,HBAs是含卤素阴离子的有机盐类化合物,HBDs是含有氮杂原子的六元杂环化合物;
所述的含卤素阴离子的有机盐类化合物是1-乙基-3-甲基氯化咪唑EmimCl;
所述的含有氮杂原子的六元杂环化合物包括但不限定2-氨基吡啶、3-氨基吡啶、4-氨基吡啶、3-羟基吡啶、4-羟基吡啶中的一种;
HBAs:HBDs的摩尔比为0.5:1~7:1。
2.根据权利要求1所述的低共熔溶剂的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤为:
将摩尔比为0.5:1~7:1的HBAs:HBDs放入玻璃瓶中,密闭并将其置于油浴中在100℃下,以800rpm的转速搅拌3h,之后将玻璃瓶移出油浴,冷却至室温即可得到所需的高效循环性能的DESs吸收剂。
3.权利要求1所述的低共熔溶剂在SO2吸收中的应用。
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