CN115464348B - Processing technology of crankshaft of marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine - Google Patents
Processing technology of crankshaft of marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine Download PDFInfo
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- CN115464348B CN115464348B CN202211240624.1A CN202211240624A CN115464348B CN 115464348 B CN115464348 B CN 115464348B CN 202211240624 A CN202211240624 A CN 202211240624A CN 115464348 B CN115464348 B CN 115464348B
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000003672 processing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Shafts, Cranks, Connecting Bars, And Related Bearings (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a processing technology of a crankshaft of a marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine, which comprises the following steps: 1) Milling two end faces of a crankshaft and punching a center hole; 2) Roughly turning each main journal and roughly and finely turning each crank arm inclined plane; 3) Finish milling a main journal and a connecting rod journal, finish turning the main journal and the connecting rod journal; 4) Scribing and punching a crankshaft alignment hole; 5) Processing an inclined oil hole and a straight oil hole; 6) Fine grinding the main journal, the connecting rod journal, the flanges at the two ends and the middle flange; 7) Machining a central oil hole; 8) A hinging hole matched with the connecting end of the hinging crankshaft; 9) Chamfering and polishing the orifice of each hole; 10 Polishing the main journal and the connecting rod journal. The invention greatly shortens the processing period of the crankshaft, saves the processing and auxiliary time 285.5 hours compared with the traditional process, and greatly improves the processing efficiency of the crankshaft.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a crankshaft processing technology of a marine diesel engine, in particular to a crankshaft processing technology of a large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed marine diesel engine with a cylinder diameter of 320mm or more and a rotating speed of 300rpm or more and n or less than 1000rpm, belonging to the technical field of metal cutting processing.
Background
The crankshaft is a core part of a diesel engine, the main journal of the crankshaft is horizontally placed in a main bearing hole of a frame during assembly, the main bearing cover is installed on the main journal and fastened by bolts, the connecting rod neck of the crankshaft is connected with the large end of a connecting rod, the small end of the connecting rod is connected with a piston head by a piston pin, the piston is reciprocated up and down to form a power transmission mechanism, and the power is transmitted to the crankshaft through a plurality of connecting rods to drive the crankshaft to rotate, so that the power of the diesel engine is transmitted. Therefore, the performance of the crankshaft directly influences the overall performance of the diesel engine.
The large-cylinder diameter diesel engine with the cylinder diameter of more than phi 320mm has the advantages that the structure of a crankshaft of the large-cylinder diameter diesel engine is complex, the processing procedures are numerous, the traditional processing technology of the large-cylinder diameter diesel engine totally comprises 23 procedures, the processing period is long, more fixture clamps and tools are used during the processing, auxiliary work such as lifting, clamping, alignment and repeated measurement is numerous, time and labor are wasted, the processing time of one crankshaft is about 440 hours, the other auxiliary time is about 22 hours, the total processing time is 462 hours, and the processing efficiency is very low. In addition, the traditional processing method is adopted, and quality problems such as deformation, out-of-tolerance journal runout and the like often occur in the grinding process of the large-bore diesel engine crankshaft.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a processing technology of a marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine crankshaft, which has the advantages of simple technological process, short processing period, high processing efficiency and stable and reliable crankshaft processing quality.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a processing technology of a crankshaft of a marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine comprises the following steps:
1) Milling machine: milling two end faces of a crankshaft and punching center holes at the two ends;
2) Numerical control lathe: rough turning of each main journal, transition circular arcs of the main journal and adjacent surfaces and gear opening of the main journal, and rough and finish turning of 35-degree inclined planes of each crank arm;
3) Turning and milling a center: measuring machining allowance of a crankshaft and a phase angle of a connecting rod neck by using a probe, finish-milling the main journal and the connecting rod neck, finish-milling the main journal gear, the connecting rod neck gear and each transition circular arc, finish-milling outer circles and top circles at two sides of a crank arm, finish-milling flanges at two ends, a middle flange and a thrust gear, finish-milling holes on flange surfaces at two ends, and finish-milling a balancing block mounting surface at the bottom of the crank arm and holes on a balancing block mounting surface;
4) Follow-up grinding machine: driving a crankshaft to rotate through a main shaft of a machine tool, simultaneously respectively scribing on opposite sides of each crank arm, scribing on the crank arm of the corresponding gear when the crankshaft rotates for each gear, thereby positioning a crankshaft alignment hole, drawing a sample after all the crank arms are scribed, and then roughly grinding, semi-finely grinding a main journal and a connecting rod journal;
5) Turning and milling a center: machining inclined oil holes, straight oil holes, orifice chamfers, fillets and threads on main journals and connecting rod journals, machining spigot steps on free end flange surfaces and holes on step surfaces, and machining dead point marking lines on outer circles of flanges at two ends;
6) Follow-up grinding machine: the crankshaft is driven to rotate through a machine tool spindle, and the spindle journal, the connecting rod neck, the flanges at the two ends and the middle flange are finely ground;
7) Milling machine: machining a center oil hole of the flanges at two ends and a threaded hole bottom hole and a pin hole on the middle flange;
8) Floor boring machine: assembling the flywheel on the connecting end of the crankshaft, and hinging a hinging hole of the connecting end of the crankshaft according to a flywheel layout corresponding to the project;
9) And (3) bench workers: chamfering and polishing the orifice of each oil hole in the step 5) and the step 7), and polishing the inner hole of each oil hole at the same time; deburring all holes on flanges at two ends, and trimming, rounding and sanding the hole openings of the oil holes; tapping threads on a threaded hole bottom hole on the middle flange;
10 Polishing lathe): polishing each main journal and each connecting rod journal, polishing the transition arc of each main journal and the transition arc of each connecting rod journal, polishing the transition arcs of flanges at two ends and polishing the side surface of the thrust stop;
11 Bench worker: and cleaning and checking the appearance quality of the crankshaft, and finally knocking out the steel seal and oil sealing.
The object of the present invention can be further achieved by the following technical means.
In the processing technology of the crankshaft of the marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine, in the steps 1), 7) and 8), the crankshaft is supported by the V-shaped frame during processing.
In the processing technology of the crankshaft of the marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine, in the steps 2), 3) and 5), the crankshaft is supported by a movable center frame during processing, and two ends of the crankshaft are tightly propped up through a three-jaw chuck and a double-center on a machine tool.
In the processing technology of the marine large-cylinder diameter medium-speed diesel engine crankshaft, in the step 4) and the step 6), the crankshaft is supported by a plurality of movable center frames during processing, the two ends of the crankshaft are tightly propped by double centers, and meanwhile, the auxiliary measurement is performed by a Ma Bosi measuring instrument.
The invention has ten working procedures, less working procedure, short process route and less times of machine tool loading, saves twelve working procedures compared with the traditional process, and greatly shortens the processing period of the crankshaft. The machining time of one crankshaft is about 165.5 hours, the other auxiliary time is about 11 hours, and the total auxiliary time is 176.5 hours, so that compared with the traditional process, the machining and auxiliary time is 285.5 hours, and the machining efficiency of the crankshaft is greatly improved. In addition, the crankshaft processing method can effectively ensure the processing quality of the crankshaft, and because the common machine tool is changed into the numerical control machine tool for processing in part of working procedures, the labor intensity of operators is greatly reduced, and the operation is time-saving and labor-saving.
Advantages and features of the invention will be illustrated and explained by the following non-limiting description of preferred embodiments, given by way of example only with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a process diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a process diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of section D-D of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 from the A direction;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of FIG. 2 from B;
FIG. 6 is a process diagram 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a process diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of section C-C of FIG. 7;
FIG. 9 is an enlarged view of the S-S section of FIG. 7;
FIG. 10 is a process diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a process diagram 6 of the present invention;
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and examples.
The invention takes 9L32/40 model as an example, the length of a 9L32/40 model crankshaft is 5820mm, the net weight is 4307kg, and the diameters of a main journal and a connecting rod journal are phi 290mm.
The invention relates to a processing technology of a crankshaft of a marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine, which comprises the following steps:
1) Planer-type milling machine: the crankshaft is supported by a V-shaped frame, two end faces of the crankshaft are milled, and central holes at two ends are drilled;
2) Numerical control lathe: the crankshaft is supported by a movable center frame, and the two ends of the crankshaft are tightly propped up through a three-jaw chuck and a double center on a machine tool. As shown in fig. 1, rough turning is performed on each main journal 1, a transition arc 11 between the main journal 1 and the adjacent surface, and a start gear 12 of the main journal 1, and simultaneously, a 35 ° inclined surface 21 of each crank arm 2 is rough-finish turned;
3) Turning and milling a center: the crankshaft is supported by a movable center frame, and the two ends of the crankshaft are tightly propped up through a three-jaw chuck and a double center on a machine tool. Measuring machining allowance of a crankshaft and a phase angle of a connecting rod neck 3 by using a probe, finish-milling the main journal 1 and the connecting rod neck 3, finish-milling an outer circle 22 and a top circle 23 on two sides of a crank arm 2, finish-milling two end flanges 4, an intermediate flange 5 and a thrust stop opening 6, finish-milling holes 41 on two end flange surfaces, and finish-milling a balance block mounting surface 24 and holes 25 on a balance block mounting surface at the bottom of the crank arm 2 as shown in fig. 2 to 5;
4) Follow-up grinding machine: the crankshaft is supported by a plurality of movable center frames, the two ends of the crankshaft are tightly propped by double centers, and meanwhile, the auxiliary measurement is carried out by a Ma Bosi measuring instrument. As shown in fig. 6, the main shaft of the machine tool drives the crankshafts to rotate, and simultaneously, the opposite sides of each crank arm 2 are respectively marked, and each crank shaft rotates for one gear, namely, the crank arms 2 of the corresponding gear are marked, so that a crank shaft alignment hole 26 is positioned, all the crank arms 2 are marked, then the crank shaft alignment hole 26 is marked and punched, then the main shaft journal 1 and the connecting rod journal 3 are rough ground and semi-finish ground, the diameter size of the shaft is checked after finish grinding is finished, and the diameter runout is checked;
5) Turning and milling a center: the crankshaft is supported by a movable center frame, and the two ends of the crankshaft are tightly propped up through a three-jaw chuck and a double center on a machine tool. As shown in fig. 7, 8 and 9, the chamfer, fillet and screw thread of the inclined oil hole 13, the straight oil hole 14 and the orifice on the main journal 1 and the connecting rod journal 3 are machined, the spigot step 42 on the free end flange face and the hole 43 on the step face are machined, and simultaneously, the dead point mark line 44 is machined on the outer circle of the flanges at both ends;
6) Follow-up grinding machine: the crankshaft is clamped by double centers, a plurality of movable center frames are supported and are measured in an auxiliary mode through a Ma Bosi measuring instrument, as shown in fig. 10, the crankshaft is driven to rotate through a machine tool spindle, the main journal 1, the connecting rod neck 3, the two end flanges 4 and the middle flange 5 are accurately ground, the diameter size of the shaft is checked after accurate grinding is finished, and the diameter runout is checked;
7) Planer-type milling machine: the crankshaft is supported by a V-shaped frame, as shown in FIG. 11, a central oil hole 45 of the flanges 4 at the two ends and a threaded hole bottom hole 51 and a pin hole 52 on the middle flange are processed;
8) Floor boring machine: the crankshaft is supported by a V-shaped frame, a flywheel is assembled on the connecting end of the crankshaft, and a hinging hole of the connecting end of the crankshaft is hinged according to a flywheel layout corresponding to the project;
9) And (3) bench workers: chamfering and polishing the orifice of each oil hole in the step 5) and the step 7), and polishing the inner hole of each oil hole at the same time; deburring all holes on flanges at two ends, and trimming, rounding and sanding the hole openings of the oil holes; tapping threads on a threaded hole bottom hole 51 on the intermediate flange;
10 Polishing lathe): polishing each main journal 1 and each connecting rod journal 3, polishing transition arcs 11 of each main journal 1 and transition arcs of each connecting rod journal 3, polishing transition arcs of flanges 4 at two ends, and polishing the side surface of the thrust block;
11 Bench worker: and cleaning and checking the appearance quality of the crankshaft, and finally knocking out the steel seal and oil sealing.
In addition to the above embodiments, other embodiments of the present invention are possible, and all technical solutions formed by equivalent substitution or equivalent transformation are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. The processing technology of the crankshaft of the marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
1) Milling machine: milling two end faces of a crankshaft and punching center holes at the two ends;
2) Numerical control lathe: rough turning of each main journal, transition circular arcs of the main journal and adjacent surfaces and gear opening of the main journal, rough turning of 35-degree inclined planes of each crank arm, and finish turning of 35-degree inclined planes of each crank arm;
3) Turning and milling a center: measuring machining allowance of a crankshaft and a phase angle of a connecting rod neck by using a probe, finish-milling the main journal and the connecting rod neck, finish-milling the main journal gear, the connecting rod neck gear and each transition circular arc, finish-milling outer circles and top circles at two sides of a crank arm, finish-milling flanges at two ends, a middle flange and a thrust gear, finish-milling holes on flange surfaces at two ends, and finish-milling a balancing block mounting surface at the bottom of the crank arm and holes on a balancing block mounting surface;
4) Follow-up grinding machine: driving a crankshaft to rotate through a main shaft of a machine tool, simultaneously respectively scribing on opposite sides of each crank arm, scribing on the crank arm of the corresponding gear when the crankshaft rotates for each gear, thereby positioning a crankshaft alignment hole, drawing a sample after all the crank arms are scribed, and then roughly grinding, semi-finely grinding a main journal and a connecting rod journal;
5) Turning and milling a center: machining inclined oil holes, straight oil holes, orifice chamfers, fillets and threads on main journals and connecting rod journals, machining spigot steps on free end flange surfaces and holes on step surfaces, and machining dead point marking lines on outer circles of flanges at two ends;
6) Follow-up grinding machine: the crankshaft is driven to rotate through a machine tool spindle, and the spindle journal, the connecting rod neck, the flanges at the two ends and the middle flange are finely ground;
7) Milling machine: machining a center oil hole of the flanges at two ends and a threaded hole bottom hole and a pin hole on the middle flange;
8) Floor boring machine: assembling the flywheel on the connecting end of the crankshaft, and hinging a hinging hole of the connecting end of the crankshaft according to a flywheel layout corresponding to the project;
9) And (3) bench workers: chamfering and polishing the orifice of each oil hole in the step 5) and the step 7), and polishing the inner hole of each oil hole at the same time; deburring all holes on flanges at two ends, and trimming, rounding and sanding the hole openings of the oil holes; tapping threads on a threaded hole bottom hole on the middle flange;
10 Polishing lathe): polishing each main journal and each connecting rod journal, polishing the transition arc of each main journal and the transition arc of each connecting rod journal, polishing the transition arcs of flanges at two ends and polishing the side surface of the thrust stop;
11 Bench worker: and cleaning and checking the appearance quality of the crankshaft, and finally knocking out the steel seal and oil sealing.
2. The process for machining the crankshaft of the marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine, as set forth in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the steps 1), 7) and 8), the crankshaft is supported by the V-shaped frame during processing.
3. The process for machining the crankshaft of the marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine, as set forth in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the steps 2), 3) and 5), the crankshaft is supported by a movable center frame during processing, and two ends of the crankshaft are tightly propped up through a three-jaw chuck and a double-center on a machine tool.
4. The process for machining the crankshaft of the marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine, as set forth in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step 4) and the step 6), the crankshaft is supported by a plurality of movable center frames during processing, the two ends of the crankshaft are tightly propped by double centers, and meanwhile, the auxiliary measurement is performed by a Ma Bosi measuring instrument.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211240624.1A CN115464348B (en) | 2022-10-11 | 2022-10-11 | Processing technology of crankshaft of marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211240624.1A CN115464348B (en) | 2022-10-11 | 2022-10-11 | Processing technology of crankshaft of marine large-cylinder-diameter medium-speed diesel engine |
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| CN115464348A CN115464348A (en) | 2022-12-13 |
| CN115464348B true CN115464348B (en) | 2024-01-02 |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1417065A (en) * | 1972-03-02 | 1975-12-10 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Process for manufacturing a crankshaft |
| CN103009021A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-04-03 | 四川绵竹鑫坤机械制造有限责任公司 | Segmented crankshaft machining process |
| CN103551855A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-05 | 上海中船三井造船柴油机有限公司 | Method and device for simultaneous drilling and reaming processing of crankshaft and flywheel of marine low-speed diesel engine |
| CN105196012A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-12-30 | 四川飞亚汽车零部件有限公司 | Novel process for processing crankshaft |
| CN113601119A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-05 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Machining method for high-power diesel engine camshaft |
-
2022
- 2022-10-11 CN CN202211240624.1A patent/CN115464348B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1417065A (en) * | 1972-03-02 | 1975-12-10 | Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag | Process for manufacturing a crankshaft |
| CN103009021A (en) * | 2012-12-31 | 2013-04-03 | 四川绵竹鑫坤机械制造有限责任公司 | Segmented crankshaft machining process |
| CN103551855A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-05 | 上海中船三井造船柴油机有限公司 | Method and device for simultaneous drilling and reaming processing of crankshaft and flywheel of marine low-speed diesel engine |
| CN105196012A (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2015-12-30 | 四川飞亚汽车零部件有限公司 | Novel process for processing crankshaft |
| CN113601119A (en) * | 2021-08-13 | 2021-11-05 | 陕西柴油机重工有限公司 | Machining method for high-power diesel engine camshaft |
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| CN115464348A (en) | 2022-12-13 |
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