CN115462469A - Meat rabbit feed and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a meat rabbit feed which comprises the following components in parts by weight on a dry basis: 10 to 30 portions of corn, 15 to 30 portions of bran, 15 to 30 portions of soybean meal, 15 to 30 portions of alfalfa, 5 to 20 portions of chrysanthemum indicum, 0.10 to 1.0 portion of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.50 to 3 portions of mountain flour, 0.30 to 0.80 portion of salt, 0.20 to 1.50 portions of methionine, 0.20 to 1.50 portions of lysine and 0.01 to 1.0 portion of premix. Wherein the Dendranthema indicum is obtained by drying and pulverizing leaves, stems and flowers of Dendranthema indicum, and the premix contains vitamins and minerals. The meat rabbit feed is prepared by compounding alfalfa, chrysanthemum indicum, corn, soybean meal and other concentrated feeds and adding a proper amount of amino acid, wherein the chrysanthemum indicum can improve the immunity of meat rabbits and enhance the resistance of the meat rabbits to epidemic diseases; amino acid and the like promote the growth and development of the meat rabbits. The meat rabbit feed has the advantages of wide raw material sources, no antibiotic addition, environmental friendliness, and safety.

Description

Meat rabbit feed and preparation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of feed production, relates to an animal feed and a production method thereof, and particularly relates to a meat rabbit feed and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Meat rabbits are also called vegetable rabbits. Meat rabbits are of various varieties and can be roughly divided into three types, namely big, middle and small, according to body types. According to the determination, the lean meat percentage of the meat rabbits reaches up to 70 percent, the protein content in the meat reaches 21 percent, and the contents of lysine, phospholipid, calcium and vitamin are also very high, so that the meat rabbits are particularly suitable for old people and children to eat. Meat rabbits are rabbit species with higher economic benefit, and are deeply loved by consumers due to fresh and tender meat quality, delicious taste and high nutritional value, so the demand is continuously increased. The meat rabbits grow and develop quickly, and the feeding period is generally short.

When the meat rabbit ration is prepared, according to the nutritional standard, the combination of coarse and fine fodder, the matching of green and dry fodder and the diversification of fodder can be realized, and the nutritional requirements can be met. The additive can be supplemented properly to ensure the feed completeness. The meat rabbit feed is mainly green hay feed, and concentrated feed is reasonably matched. Meat rabbits belong to herbivores and have developed cecum, which can decompose cellulose into easily digestible and absorbable substances. When the content of crude fiber in the feed is less than 5%, the normal physiological function of the digestive tract cannot be maintained, resulting in diarrhea. If the green hay is fed, no concentrated feed is fed, which can cause the meat rabbits to lack nutrition, slowly gain weight and have low fecundity and disease resistance. Therefore, the green hay feed is mainly used, and the concentrated feed is reasonably matched.

The green hay is also called roughage, such as grass, leguminous and other families of green hay, and also includes rice straw, beanstalk, corn stalk, etc. The feed has low water content, high crude fiber content, and less digestible substances. The concentrated feed mainly comprises energy feed and protein feed. The energy feed mainly comprises corn, barley, rice, wheat bran and the like, and is characterized by rich starch content and good palatability, but has the defects of high digestibility, low crude fiber content, low protein content, more phosphorus and sulfur, less calcium and incomplete vitamin content. The protein feed mainly comprises plant protein feed and animal protein feed. The vegetable protein feed (such as soybean, bean cake, bean pulp, rapeseed meal, cottonseed meal and the like) is characterized by rich protein content, balanced amino acid and relatively comprehensive nutrition; animal protein feed (fish meal, silkworm, bone meal, etc.) is characterized by high protein content and more amino acids to be supplemented. Common additives in the feed comprise salt, bone meal, stone powder and the like, which are indispensable daily ration components of the rabbits, the salt has the effects of promoting the appetite of the rabbits, promoting the digestion and absorption of nutrient substances, maintaining the balance of body fluid and the like, and the stone powder is the most economical calcium supplement feed in the daily ration of the rabbits.

Meat rabbits are raised to prevent the occurrence and spread of various diseases. The occurrence and spread of diseases are prevented, except for paying attention to clean, sanitary and scientific feeding, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory medicines such as antibiotics and the like are often added into meat rabbit feed to enhance the physique and reduce the diseases. The meat rabbits grow and develop quickly, and the feed has comprehensive nutrition, so that the food intake is increased, the digestion rate is improved, and the growth speed is accelerated. It has been reported that the addition of an enzyme preparation to rabbit feed promotes digestion and absorption of the feed and increases feed conversion ratio. Or, for example, CN113455593A discloses a meat rabbit growth feed formula added with amino acid in a proper proportion, high-protein grass powder is replaced by local crop byproducts, and the production performance of meat rabbits is not influenced while the feed cost of the meat rabbits is reduced by supplementing amino acid in a proper proportion.

Alfalfa is a popular name of Medicago plants, commonly known as burclover, is a perennial herbaceous plant, is similar to clover, has high yield and high quality, and is mainly used for preparing hay, silage or pasture. The green leaf alfalfa hay is nutritious,

is a favorite food for livestock, contains about 16% of protein and 8% of mineral substances, and is rich in vitamin A, E, D and K. Alfalfa contains a large amount of crude protein, abundant carbohydrates and vitamins, and a variety of micronutrients such as iron, and is called the king of pasture.

The Dendranthema indicum is also called chrysanthemum grass, is a compositae native to the humid plateau area in the middle of North America, and belongs to perennial root herbaceous plants. The stems and leaves are solid, the leaves are wide and dark green, the flowers are golden yellow, the leaves are introduced into Europe from the United states as ideal ornamental plants at the earliest time, and then introduced into China from Korea. The improved chrysanthemum not only has large plants, better dry resistance and waterlogging resistance, but also has the characteristics of higher protein and acre yield. At present, the research on the chrysanthemum is mainly focused on the aspects of adaptability, cultivation technology, medicinal value and the like. CN112401235A, CN112402326A, CN112616970A et al have disclosed the use of saussurea involucrate or extracts thereof in tea beverages, capsules, hydrolat and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a meat rabbit feed, aiming at the requirements of fast growth and development, physique enhancement and disease prevention of meat rabbits, the compound of alfalfa and chrysanthemum indicum with higher protein content is adopted as green hay, and a proper amount of amino acid is added, wherein the components are reasonably matched, the nutrition is rich and balanced, sufficient nutrition required by the growth of the meat rabbits is provided, and medicines such as antibiotics and the like are not required to be added, and the meat rabbit feed containing the chrysanthemum indicum can improve the organism immunity of the meat rabbits.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the meat rabbit feed.

In order to realize the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: the meat rabbit feed is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight on a dry basis: 10 to 30 portions of corn, 15 to 30 portions of bran, 15 to 30 portions of soybean meal, 15 to 30 portions of alfalfa, 5 to 20 portions of chrysanthemum indicum, 0.10 to 1.0 portion of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.50 to 3 portions of mountain flour, 0.30 to 0.80 portion of salt, 0.20 to 1.50 portions of methionine, 0.20 to 1.50 portions of lysine and 0.01 to 1.0 portion of premix.

Preferably, the meat rabbit feed comprises the following components in parts by weight on a dry basis: 10 to 25 portions of corn, 15 to 25 portions of bran, 15 to 25 portions of soybean meal, 15 to 25 portions of alfalfa, 10 to 15 portions of chrysanthemum indicum, 0.10 to 1.0 portion of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.50 to 3 portions of mountain flour, 0.30 to 0.50 portion of salt, 0.4 to 1.0 portion of methionine, 0.4 to 1.0 portion of lysine and 0.05 to 1.0 portion of premix.

The osbeckia chinensis is obtained by drying and crushing collected leaves, stems and flowers of osbeckia chinensis.

Optionally, the meat rabbit feed can also be added with growth promoters, flavoring agents, chinese herbal medicine additives, enzyme preparations and the like.

The premix is a compound containing vitamins and minerals. The vitamin is one or more of vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin D, and the mineral is one or more of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, phosphorus, chlorine, iodine and the like.

Preferably, each kilogram of the premix contains 3 to 5g of vitamin A, 50 to 100mg of vitamin D, 60 to 100g of vitamin E, 6 to 15g of vitamin B, 15 to 20g of copper, 100 to 120g of iron, 20 to 30g of manganese, 40 to 60g of zinc and 0.5 to 1.0g of selenium.

The meat rabbit feed takes corn, bran and soybean meal as main energy and protein feeds, and alfalfa and osbeckia chinensis are added, so that the alfalfa and osbeckia chinensis contain high-content crude protein besides crude fiber, and the osbeckia chinensis also has strong capabilities of scavenging free radicals, sterilizing and inhibiting bacteria, and can improve the body immunity of the meat rabbit and enhance the resistance. Calcium hydrogen phosphate can provide mineral substance nutrition such as phosphorus, calcium for rabbit fodder, and the rabbit of being convenient for digests and absorbs, accelerates the growth and development of rabbit, gains weight fast, and mineral substance and vitamin can improve the metabolism of rabbit, make the rabbit grow fast, and methionine and lysine can promote development, and the reinforcing immunity improves its growth rate and healthy level.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the meat rabbit feed, which comprises the following steps:

1) Weighing corn, bran and soybean meal according to the raw material ratio, and crushing for later use;

2) Drying, crushing and sieving the alfalfa to obtain powder, or weighing the alfalfa powder according to the raw material proportion for later use;

3) Drying and crushing the osbeckia chinensis, sieving the powder, and weighing the powder according to the proportion of the raw materials for later use;

4) Mixing the powders obtained in the steps 1) to 3), adding calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, salt, methionine, lysine and premix according to the proportion, uniformly mixing and granulating.

Has the beneficial effects that: according to the meat rabbit feed, the concentrated feed mainly comprising corn, bran and soybean meal can provide sufficient starch and protein for the growth of meat rabbits, the alfalfa and the osbeckia chinensis contain high-content crude protein besides crude fiber, and the osbeckia chinensis added into the meat rabbit feed can improve the body immunity of the meat rabbits and enhance the resistance of the meat rabbits to epidemic diseases. The nutrient substances such as amino acid, vitamin, mineral substance and the like in the feed can promote the appetite of the meat rabbits, promote the digestion and absorption of the nutrient substances, maintain the balance of body fluid and promote the growth and development of the meat rabbits, have rich and balanced nutrition and are easy to digest and absorb by the meat rabbits. The meat rabbit feed has the advantages of wide raw material sources, simple preparation process, low cost, no antibiotic addition in the product, environmental friendliness, environmental protection and safety.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples. The following examples are provided only for illustrating the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments but is defined by the claims.

Example 1

A meat rabbit feed containing osbeckia chinensis comprises the following components in parts by weight on a dry basis:

each kilogram of the premix contains 3-5 g of vitamin A, 50-100 mg of vitamin D, 60-100 g of vitamin E, 6-15 g of vitamin B, 15-20 g of copper, 100-120 g of iron, 20-30 g of manganese, 40-60 g of zinc and 0.5-1.0 g of selenium.

The alfalfa can be powder obtained by drying, pulverizing and sieving alfalfa, or directly adopting commercially available alfalfa powder.

The osbeckia chinensis is powder obtained by cleaning, drying, crushing and sieving leaves, stems and flowers of collected osbeckia chinensis. The results of the tests are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

Serial number	Detecting items	Unit of	The result of the detection	Method
					1	Moisture content	g/100g	3.6	GB 5009.3-2016
2	Dried substance	g/100g	96.4	GB 5009.3-2016
					3	Crude protein	g/100g	10.17	GB/T 6432-2018
4	Neutral detergent fiber	％	36.0	GB/T 20806-2006
					5	Acid detergent fiber	％	26.2	NY/T 1459-2007
6	Calcium carbonate	％	1.83	GB/T 6436-2018
					7	Phosphorus (P)	％	0.37	GB/T 6437-2018

Analysis shows that the senecio cineraria generally contains 8-15% of crude protein, and also contains a large amount of alkaloid, riboflavin, flavonoid and other substances, such as p-hydroxyphenol, vanillin, gentisic acid, protocatechuic acid, salicylic acid, monocyclic sesquiterpene, bicyclic sesquiterpene, kaempferol, triterpenoid saponin and the like, wherein SOD (superoxide dismutase) is a specific disproportionation reaction catalyst acting on superoxide anion free radicals, and the senecio cineraria contains a large amount of SOD which has strong capacity of eliminating the free radicals, and also contains components such as tannin, triterpenoid saponin and the like with anti-inflammatory and bacteriostatic effects. Animal experiments show that the feed containing the chrysanthemum morifolium can improve the body oxidation resistance and body immunity of meat rabbits.

The preparation method of the meat rabbit feed comprises the following steps:

1) Weighing corn, bran and soybean meal according to the raw material ratio, and crushing for later use;

2) Drying and crushing alfalfa, sieving by a 40-80-mesh sieve, and weighing powder for later use;

3) Drying and crushing the osbeckia chinensis, sieving by a 40-80 mesh sieve, and weighing powder for later use;

4) Mixing the powders obtained in the steps 1) to 3), adding calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, salt, methionine, lysine and premix according to the proportion, uniformly mixing and granulating.

Example 2

A meat rabbit feed containing osbeckia chinensis comprises the following components in parts by weight on a dry basis:

the preparation method of the meat rabbit feed comprises the following steps:

1) Weighing corn, bran and soybean meal according to the raw material ratio, and crushing for later use;

2) Drying and crushing alfalfa, sieving by a 40-80 mesh sieve, and weighing powder for later use;

3) Drying and crushing the chrysanthemum morifolium ramat, sieving the chrysanthemum morifolium ramat by a 40-80 mesh sieve, and weighing powder for later use;

4) Mixing the powders obtained in the steps 1) to 3), adding calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, salt, methionine, lysine and premix according to the proportion, uniformly mixing and granulating.

Example 3

A meat rabbit feed containing osbeckia chinensis comprises the following components in parts by weight on a dry basis:

the preparation method of the meat rabbit feed comprises the following steps:

1) Weighing corn, bran and soybean meal according to the raw material ratio, and crushing for later use;

2) Drying and crushing alfalfa, sieving by a 40-80 mesh sieve, and weighing powder for later use;

3) Drying and crushing the osbeckia chinensis, sieving by a 40-80 mesh sieve, and weighing powder for later use;

4) Mixing the powders obtained in the steps 1) -3), adding calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, salt, methionine, lysine and premix according to the proportion, mixing uniformly and granulating.

Example 4

A meat rabbit feed containing osbeckia chinensis comprises the following components in parts by weight on a dry basis:

the preparation method of the meat rabbit feed comprises the following steps:

1) Weighing corn, bran and soybean meal according to the raw material ratio, and crushing for later use;

2) Drying and crushing alfalfa, sieving by a 40-80 mesh sieve, and weighing powder for later use;

3) Drying and crushing the osbeckia chinensis, sieving by a 40-80 mesh sieve, and weighing powder for later use;

4) Mixing the powders obtained in the steps 1) to 3), adding calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, salt, methionine, lysine and premix according to the proportion, uniformly mixing and granulating.

Example 5

Weight change and feed conversion ratio of meat rabbits

20 meat rabbits with good health status and similar weight (weight of 0.75 + -0.02 kg) were randomly divided into 2 groups of 10 rabbits each, and were bred in the same cage. Experimental groups A meat rabbit feed prepared according to the example 1 is respectively fed with daily ration containing the chrysanthemum morifolium, a control group is fed with common daily ration, and the daily ration is a compound feed mainly containing corn, wheat bran and soybean meal, and the composition and the mass parts of the compound feed are as follows: 22.5 parts of corn, 23.95 parts of bran, 18.00 parts of soybean meal, 33.5 parts of hay powder (mixed sowing pasture), 0.5 part of calcium hydrophosphate, 1.0 part of stone powder, 0.5 part of salt and 0.05 part of premix.

The experiment took 30 days. All meat rabbits were kept in the same colony house and subjected to the same rearing management. The weight of the meat rabbits was weighed at the beginning and end, and the feed intake of the rabbits during the experimental period was recorded, and the average daily gain, average daily feed intake and feed-weight ratio were calculated, respectively, and the results are shown in table 2.

TABLE 2 weight and Change in meat rabbits and feed conversion ratio

Experiments show that the two groups of meat rabbits have significant differences in indexes such as average daily gain, average daily feed intake, material-weight ratio and the like.

The feeding effect of the meat rabbit feed containing the chrysanthemum morifolium of example 1 is superior to that of the common ration.

Influence on immunity and antioxidant capacity of meat rabbits

In animal experiments, 20 adult Himalayan rabbits with the same weight are selected and averagely divided into two groups, wherein each group is half of male rabbit and half of female rabbit. The test group was fed with the meat rabbit feed according to example 1 on a daily ration containing heliotrope, and the control group was fed with a normal daily ration, except that heliotrope was not added, the composition of the other components was referred to the test group, and the composition of the daily ration was shown in table 3. The test period is 10 days. Feces were collected on the last day of the experiment and blood was collected.

TABLE 3 composition of daily ration

TABLE 4 influence of daily ration addition of Dendranthema indicum on rabbit immunity and antioxidant capacity

The results of animal experiments show that: the addition of the chrysanthemum indicum in the feed obviously improves the content of immunoglobulin G in serum of the New Zealand white rabbits, and numerically improves the content of immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin M, interferon gamma and interleukin 1 beta, which indicates that the feed containing the chrysanthemum indicum can improve the organism immunity level of the new Zealand white rabbits. In the aspect of antioxidant capacity, the feed containing the osbeckia chinensis improves the contents of superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and catalase in the serum of the new zealand white rabbits, and reduces the content of malondialdehyde, which indicates that the feed containing the osbeckia chinensis has a promoting effect on improving the antioxidant level of the new zealand white rabbits.

Claims (8)

1. The meat rabbit feed is characterized by comprising the following components in parts by weight on a dry basis: 10 to 30 portions of corn, 15 to 30 portions of bran, 15 to 30 portions of soybean meal, 15 to 30 portions of alfalfa, 5 to 20 portions of chrysanthemum indicum, 0.10 to 1.0 portion of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.50 to 3 portions of mountain flour, 0.30 to 0.80 portion of salt, 0.20 to 1.50 portions of methionine, 0.20 to 1.50 portions of lysine and 0.01 to 1.0 portion of premix.

2. The meat rabbit feed according to claim 1, comprising the following components in dry weight fractions: 10 to 25 portions of corn, 15 to 25 portions of bran, 15 to 25 portions of soybean meal, 15 to 25 portions of alfalfa, 10 to 15 portions of chrysanthemum indicum, 0.10 to 1.0 portion of calcium hydrophosphate, 0.50 to 3 portions of mountain flour, 0.30 to 0.50 portion of salt, 0.4 to 1.0 portion of methionine, 0.4 to 1.0 portion of lysine and 0.05 to 1.0 portion of premix.

3. The meat rabbit feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the Dendranthema indicum is obtained by drying and crushing leaves, stems and flowers of Dendranthema indicum.

4. The meat rabbit feed according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said premix comprises vitamins and minerals.

5. The meat rabbit feed according to claim 4, wherein the vitamin is one or more of vitamin E, vitamin A, vitamin B and vitamin D.

6. The meat rabbit feed according to claim 4, wherein the minerals are one or more of sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, iron, manganese, zinc, selenium, phosphorus, chlorine and iodine.

7. The meat rabbit feed according to claim 4, wherein each kilogram of the premix comprises 3-5 g of vitamin A, 50-100 mg of vitamin D, 60-100 g of vitamin E, 6-15 g of vitamin B, 15-20 g of copper, 100-120 g of iron, 20-30 g of manganese, 40-60 g of zinc and 0.5-1.0 g of selenium.

8. A method for preparing the meat rabbit feed of claim 1, comprising the steps of:

1) Weighing corn, bran and bean pulp according to the raw material proportion, and crushing for later use;

2) Drying, crushing and sieving the alfalfa to obtain powder, or weighing the alfalfa powder according to the raw material ratio for later use;

3) Drying and crushing the saussurea involucrate, sieving the powder, and weighing the powder according to the mixture ratio of the raw materials for later use;

4) Mixing the powders obtained in the steps 1) to 3), adding calcium hydrophosphate, stone powder, salt, methionine, lysine and premix according to the proportion, uniformly mixing and granulating.