CN115448686B - 一种耐火墙板及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种耐火墙板及其制备方法，包括以下重量比：草木粉40~70份、磷酸二氢铝20~30份、酸性铝溶胶5~10份、粉状氧化镁1~3份、水40~60份、碳酸钙粉2~5份、硅烷偶联剂0.2~1份、甲基硅酸钾2~5份。本产品具有耐火、无甲醛、耐潮、成本低廉等特点，适用于家装用护墙板的制造。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及人造墙板领域，具体涉及一种耐火墙板及其制备方法。
背景技术
人造墙板广泛应用建筑材料领域，广泛用于制造护墙板、衣柜、隔断、橱柜等产品，目前，市场上通用的人造墙板材料主要有颗粒板、多层板、密度板、木工板几大类，其制造原理为通过有机胶水的粘接作用，将木粉、模板、木屑等材料粘接在一起，此种材料存在甲醛释放以及耐火等级低的风险。近年来，家装人造墙板领域发展较快的材料为木饰板、碳晶板等，此类材料属于木塑领域，其制造原理为：通过热熔塑料粉的高温熔融作用将木粉、碳粉等材料粘接，此类材料虽然耐水、防潮但不耐火，而且成本较高。
发明内容
为了解决以上问题，本发明要解决的技术问题是提供一种耐火墙板及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现：按重量份数计，包括以下组分：草木粉40~70份、磷酸二氢铝 20~30份、酸性铝溶胶5~10份、粉状氧化镁 1~3份、水 40~60份、碳酸钙粉2~5份、硅烷偶联剂 0.2~1份、甲基硅酸钾2~5份。
进一步的，本发明所述的一种耐火墙板及其制备方法，其特征在于所述所述硅烷偶联剂为 KH560 或KH550 中的一种或两种组合。
进一步的，本发明所述的一种耐火墙板及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述酸性铝溶胶PH 值为 3~4。
进一步的，本发明所述的一种耐火墙板及其制备方法，其特征在于：所述酸性铝溶胶还可以是酸性硅溶胶。
本发明还公开了一种耐火墙板及其制备方法，包括如下步骤：
步骤一，按重量分数比，称取磷酸二氢铝 20~30 份，水 20~30 份加入反应容器中，加热搅拌，使之充分溶解，随后，滴加粉状1~3份氧化镁 和10~20份水的混合液，随后先后加入硅烷偶联剂 0.2~1 份、酸性铝溶胶和/或酸性硅溶胶 5~10 份充分搅拌均匀，得到胶液；
步骤二，将草木粉、碳酸钙粉2~5份，搅拌均匀后，与步骤一得到的胶液搅拌均匀，压缩成板状，随后进入烘箱烘烤，300~700℃高温进行碳化10分钟，碳化完全后，降至室温，表面喷涂甲基硅酸钾2~5份、水5~10份的混合溶液，自然晾干得到耐火墙板。
本发明原理：本发明利用磷酸二氢铝水溶液在氧化镁碱性环境中低温固化特点，将草木粉进行粘接。碳酸钙粉与草木粉先混合在于磷酸二氢铝体系混合，缩短了磷酸二氢铝和氧化镁体系的固化时间，使其在室温下就能较好的固化，硅烷偶联剂的加入提高了草木粉与磷酸二氢铝体系的粘结力。磷酸二氢铝体系与草木粉结合后，草木粉表面黏附了一层磷酸二氢铝与氧化镁薄膜层，隔绝了草木粉与空气的接触，此时，草木粉在在300~700℃高温下碳化，最终形成墙板，冷却室温后，表面喷涂甲基硅酸钾的水溶液，使墙板表面涂覆一层甲基硅酸钾，起到疏水作用，同时，甲基硅酸钾的碱性能中和磷酸二氢铝体系的酸性，使墙板表面表现为中性。
本发明的有益效果是：
1. 耐火性强，本发明磷酸二氢铝胶有效隔绝了草木粉与空气的接触，使草木粉在高温下碳化而不是燃烧，同时。利用了磷酸铝体系耐高温性，使本发明产品耐火性增强；
2. 成本低廉，本发明大量使用了了价格低廉的可再生材料草木粉，降低了成本；
3. 耐水性强，本发明通过喷涂甲基硅酸钾溶液，使墙板表面涂覆一层疏水甲基硅酸钾，使墙板具有耐水性。
具体实施方式
下面对本发明的优选实施例进行详细阐述，以使本发明的优点和特征能更易于被本领域技术人员理解，从而对本发明的保护范围做出更为清楚明确的界定。
实施例一
一种耐火墙板及其制备方法，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：草木粉40份、磷酸二氢铝 20份、酸性铝溶胶5份、粉状氧化镁 1份、水40份、碳酸钙粉2份、KH560硅烷偶联剂 0.2份、甲基硅酸钾2份。
制备及使用工艺：步骤一，按重量分数比，称取磷酸二氢铝 20份，水 20份加入反应容器中，加热搅拌，使之充分溶解，随后，滴加粉状1份氧化镁和10份水的混合液，随后先后加入KH560硅烷偶联剂 0.2份、酸性铝溶胶5份充分搅拌均匀，得到胶液；
步骤二，将40份草木粉、2份碳酸钙粉搅拌均匀后，与步骤一得到的胶液搅拌均匀，压缩成板状，随后进入烘箱烘烤，300℃高温进行碳化10分钟，碳化完全后，降至室温，表面喷涂甲基硅酸钾2份和水10份的混合溶液，自然晾干得到耐火墙板。
实施例二
一种耐火墙板及其制备方法，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：草木粉50份、磷酸二氢铝 25份、酸性铝溶胶8份、粉状氧化镁2份、水50份、碳酸钙粉4份、KH560硅烷偶联剂 0.6份、甲基硅酸钾3份。
制备及使用工艺：步骤一，按重量分数比，称取磷酸二氢铝 25份，水 25份加入反应容器中，加热搅拌，使之充分溶解，随后，滴加粉状2份氧化镁和15份水的混合液，随后先后加入KH560硅烷偶联剂 0.6份、酸性铝溶胶8份充分搅拌均匀，得到胶液；
步骤二，将50份草木粉、4份碳酸钙粉搅拌均匀后，与步骤一得到的胶液搅拌均匀，压缩成板状，随后进入烘箱烘烤，500℃高温进行碳化10分钟，碳化完全后，降至室温，表面喷涂甲基硅酸钾3份和水10份的混合溶液，自然晾干得到耐火墙板。
实施例三
一种耐火墙板及其制备方法，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：草木粉70份、磷酸二氢铝30份、酸性铝溶胶10份、粉状氧化镁3份、水60份、碳酸钙粉5份、KH550硅烷偶联剂1份、甲基硅酸钾5份。
制备及使用工艺：步骤一，按重量分数比，称取磷酸二氢铝30份，水30份加入反应容器中，加热搅拌，使之充分溶解，随后，滴加粉状3份氧化镁和20份水的混合液，随后先后加入KH550硅烷偶联剂1份、酸性铝溶胶10份充分搅拌均匀，得到胶液；
步骤二，将70份草木粉、5份碳酸钙粉搅拌均匀后，与步骤一得到的胶液搅拌均匀，压缩成板状，随后进入烘箱烘烤，700℃高温进行碳化10分钟，碳化完全后，降至室温，表面喷涂甲基硅酸钾5份和水10份的混合溶液，自然晾干得到耐火墙板。
实施例四
一种耐火墙板及其制备方法，按重量份数计，包括以下组分：草木粉70份、磷酸二氢铝30份、酸性硅溶胶10份、粉状氧化镁3份、水60份、碳酸钙粉5份、KH550硅烷偶联剂1份、甲基硅酸钾5份。
制备及使用工艺：步骤一，按重量分数比，称取磷酸二氢铝30份，水30份加入反应容器中，加热搅拌，使之充分溶解，随后，滴加粉状3份氧化镁和20份水的混合液，随后先后加入KH550硅烷偶联剂1份、酸性铝溶胶10份充分搅拌均匀，得到胶液；
步骤二，将70份草木粉、5份碳酸钙粉搅拌均匀后，与步骤一得到的胶液搅拌均匀，压缩成板状，随后进入烘箱烘烤，700℃高温进行碳化10分钟，碳化完全后，降至室温，表面喷涂甲基硅酸钾5份和水10份的混合溶液，自然晾干得到耐火墙板。
表一 本发明材料与其他材料的性能对比
甲醛释放限量的测定方法按GB 17657-2013中4.60甲醛释放测定——1m3气候箱法的规定进行。根据实例1~实例4所制备的墙板以及市场上随机购买的碳晶板，甲醛释放限量测试前，制取试件尺寸为长500mm，宽500mm，每种材料试件数为两块，合计为十块，侧面采用无甲醛的铝胶带密封。冲击韧性性能采用GB 17657-2013中4.22测定，计算方法按4.22.5条款进行。耐火性按照GB 8624标准进行检测和分级。
以上所述，仅为本发明的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何不经过创造性劳动想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本实用新保护范围为准。
Claims (3)
1.一种耐火墙板，其特征在于：按重量份数计，包括以下组分：草木粉40~70份、磷酸二氢铝 20~30份、酸性铝溶胶5~10份、粉状氧化镁 1~3份、水 40~60份、碳酸钙粉2~5份、硅烷偶联剂 0.2~1份、甲基硅酸钾2~5份,所述酸性铝溶胶PH 值为 3~4,所述耐火墙板制备方法包括如下步骤：步骤一，按重量分数比，称取磷酸二氢铝 20~30 份，水 20~30 份加入反应容器中，加热搅拌，使之充分溶解，随后，滴加1~3份粉状氧化镁和10~20份水的混合液，随后先后加入硅烷偶联剂 0.2~1 份、酸性铝溶胶充分搅拌均匀，得到胶液；步骤二，将草木粉40~70份、碳酸钙粉2~5份，搅拌均匀后，与步骤一得到的胶液搅拌均匀，压缩成板状，随后进入烘箱烘烤，300~700℃高温进行碳化10分钟，碳化完全后，降至室温，表面喷涂甲基硅酸钾2~5份、水5~10份的混合溶液，自然晾干得到耐火墙板。
2.根据权利要求 1 所述的一种耐火墙板，其特征在于：所述硅烷偶联剂为 KH560 或KH550 中的一种或两种组合。
3.根据权利要求 1 所述的一种耐火墙板，其特征在于：所述酸性铝溶胶还可以是酸性硅溶胶。
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