CN115444872B - Preparation method of wild ginseng and red ginseng - Google Patents
Preparation method of wild ginseng and red ginseng Download PDFInfo
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- CN115444872B CN115444872B CN202211184977.4A CN202211184977A CN115444872B CN 115444872 B CN115444872 B CN 115444872B CN 202211184977 A CN202211184977 A CN 202211184977A CN 115444872 B CN115444872 B CN 115444872B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
- A61K36/25—Araliaceae (Ginseng family), e.g. ivy, aralia, schefflera or tetrapanax
- A61K36/258—Panax (ginseng)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P29/00—Non-central analgesic, antipyretic or antiinflammatory agents, e.g. antirheumatic agents; Non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs [NSAID]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P39/00—General protective or antinoxious agents
- A61P39/06—Free radical scavengers or antioxidants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
- A61P9/12—Antihypertensives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/13—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving cleaning, e.g. washing or peeling
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K2236/00—Isolation or extraction methods of medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicine
- A61K2236/10—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material
- A61K2236/17—Preparation or pretreatment of starting material involving drying, e.g. sun-drying or wilting
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of red ginseng preparation, in particular to a preparation method of wild ginseng red ginseng, which comprises the steps of washing selected fresh wild ginseng, steaming, naturally placing, drying, wetting and softening and freezing to prepare the wild ginseng red ginseng; the wild ginseng red ginseng prepared by the preparation method provided by the invention has the color similar to that of Korean red ginseng, bright and glossy surface, grey yellow or yellow brown, tight skin fine lines without pumping grooves, firm cross section with a horny sample, less hollow appearance, strong red ginseng aroma and higher functional components.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of red ginseng preparation, in particular to a preparation method of wild ginseng red ginseng.
Background
Identifying and grading quality of wild ginsengGB/T 18765-2015) In the process, ginseng which is artificially sown in wild mountain forest and naturally grows for more than 15 years is called wild ginseng. Mountain ginseng is already listed as the top grade in the earliest pharmaceutical classics of China, shennong Ben Cao Jing, and has the effects of reinforcing primordial qi, restoring pulse, relieving depletion, tonifying spleen, benefiting lung, promoting fluid production, nourishing blood, soothing nerves and improving intelligence. Modern researches have shown that wild ginseng has the effects of reducing oxidative stress, resisting inflammation, inhibiting tumor cell growth, relieving fatigue, reducing blood pressure, etc.
Radix Ginseng RubraRed ginseng) Is prepared from dried root and rhizome of Ginseng radix by steaming, and has effect in invigorating primordial qiRestoring pulse, relieving depletion, invigorating qi and regulating blood. Red ginseng is mainly classified into chinese red ginseng, korean red ginseng, japanese red ginseng, etc. according to the place of production. The traditional red ginseng processing method sequentially comprises the steps of selecting, washing, steaming and drying, the red ginseng processed by the ginseng has the characteristics of firmness and storage resistance, new chemical components are generated, the anti-aging and anti-oxidation effects are very remarkable, and the unique saponin components in the red ginseng have fewer sugar chains and lower polarity, so that the red ginseng is more beneficial to intestinal absorption of human bodies.
At present, the wild ginseng in China mainly takes sun-dried wild ginseng in the market, so that the sold products in the market are single, and the wild ginseng product with better efficacy cannot be obtained through processing. The existing sun-dried wild ginseng contains more natural ginsenoside, has the effects of reducing oxidative stress reaction, resisting inflammation, inhibiting tumor cell growth, relieving fatigue, reducing blood pressure and the like, but the availability of different types of ginsenoside is found in modern researches, and the comprehensive availability of the natural ginsenoside with higher content in the ginseng by a human body is far lower than that of the rare ginsenoside by the human body. Meanwhile, a great number of pharmacological experiments prove that the rare ginsenoside has better effects of resisting tumors, improving the immune system of the organism and the like. The wild ginseng can be used for preparing Cheng Yeshan ginseng and red ginseng, and then the higher natural ginsenoside can be converted into rare ginsenoside, so that the utilization efficiency of the ginseng in a human body is improved. Therefore, the high-quality wild ginseng is required to be used for preparing the wild ginseng and the red ginseng to obtain the maximum efficacy of the wild ginseng, and a new way is provided for scientific use and application of the wild ginseng.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide the preparation method of the wild ginseng red ginseng, which has the color and luster similar to that of Korean red ginseng, bright and lustrous surface, no pumping grooves, firm cross section, horniness, less hollow appearance, strong red ginseng aroma and higher functional components.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of wild ginseng red ginseng, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting and cleaning fresh wild ginseng: selecting fresh wild ginseng, and cleaning the selected fresh wild ginseng;
(2) Steaming: steaming the cleaned fresh wild ginseng in a steaming cabinet with boiled water;
(3) Naturally placing: naturally placing the steamed wild ginseng in a steaming cabinet;
(4) And (3) drying: standing the naturally placed wild ginseng in a drying environment for drying until the wild ginseng is completely dried;
(5) Wetting and softening: wetting the dried wild ginseng with clear water until the wild ginseng is soft;
(6) Freezing: taking out the wild ginseng completely in the step (5), and freezing.
The invention is further provided with: in the step (1), the selection of the fresh wild ginseng refers to the selection of the fresh wild ginseng with similar size and no mechanical damage and insect disease.
The invention is further provided with: in the step (1), after the selected fresh wild ginseng is washed, the fresh wild ginseng is drained.
The invention is further provided with: in the step (2), the steaming time is 90-150min.
The invention is further provided with: in the step (3), the natural standing time is at least 12 hours.
The invention is further provided with: in the step (4), the temperature of the drying environment is 40-45 ℃ and the drying time is 3-8d.
The invention is further provided with: in the step (5), the temperature of the freezing treatment is-20 ℃.
Advantageous effects
Compared with the known public technology, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the preparation method of the wild ginseng red ginseng, the prepared wild ginseng red ginseng has the color and luster similar to that of Korean red ginseng, the bright luster of the surface is grey yellow or yellow brown, the tight skin fine lines are not grooved, the cross section is firm and is in a cornified shape, the hollow phenomenon is less, the wild ginseng red ginseng has rich red ginseng aroma, the total content of ginsenoside is up to 4.78%, and compared with the existing red ginseng quality standard GB/T22538-2018, the total content of ginsenoside is improved by at least 130%; the content of ginsenoside Rb1 is 0.705%, which is at least 250% higher than standard; the content of ginsenoside Re+Rg1 is 0.331%, and is improved by at least 30% compared with standard. Through comparison and detection, the total saponin content in the wild ginseng red ginseng is reduced compared with the wild ginseng sun-cured by sun, but the wild ginseng red ginseng generates ginsenoside Rh4, rh1 (S), rh1 (R), rg6, rk1, rg5, rg2 (R), rg3 (S), rg3 (R) and PF11 which are not contained in the wild ginseng sun-cured by sun or have lower content; and the contents of Rk3, F1, PRt5, RF, F4, rd and Rb1 are all improved. The rare ginsenoside Rh4, rh1 (S), rh1 (R), rg6, rk1, rg5, rg2 (R), rg3 (S), rg3 (R), PF11 and other rare ginsenosides with lower polarity and favorable absorption by human bodies have stronger functions of resisting oxidation, resisting inflammation, inhibiting tumors, relieving fatigue, reducing blood pressure and the like than the sun-cured wild ginseng.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a flowchart of a preparation method of wild ginseng red ginseng of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. It will be apparent that the described embodiments are some, but not all, embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The invention is further described below with reference to examples.
Examples
The invention provides a preparation method of wild ginseng red ginseng, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Selecting and cleaning fresh wild ginseng: selecting fresh wild ginseng, and cleaning the selected fresh wild ginseng.
Wherein, selecting fresh wild ginseng refers to selecting fresh wild ginseng with similar size and no mechanical damage and insect disease.
After the selected fresh wild ginseng is washed, the fresh wild ginseng is drained.
(2) Steaming: and (3) steaming the cleaned fresh wild ginseng in a steaming cabinet with boiled water.
Wherein the steaming time is 90-150min.
(3) Naturally placing: and (5) naturally placing the steamed mountain ginseng in a steaming cabinet.
Wherein the natural standing time is at least 12h.
(4) And (3) drying: and standing the naturally placed wild ginseng in a drying environment for drying until the wild ginseng is completely dried.
Wherein the temperature of the drying environment is 40-45 ℃ and the drying time is 3-8d.
(5) Wetting and softening: and (5) wetting the dried wild ginseng with clear water until the wild ginseng is soft.
Wherein the temperature of the freezing treatment is-20 ℃.
(6) Freezing: taking out the wild ginseng completely in the step (5), and freezing.
1. Sample treatment and grouping:
selecting fresh wild ginseng with similar size and no rust and other diseases and insect pests, carefully cleaning the wild ginseng with a brush, and draining. Fresh wild ginseng was divided into 5 groups:
(1) Directly drying fresh wild ginseng to obtain sun-dried wild ginseng, and recording as SS;
(2) Steaming fresh wild ginseng in a steaming cabinet with boiled water for about 90-150min, standing in a drying environment at 40+ -5deg.C for 3d-8d until drying is completed, refrigerating at 0deg.C for use, and recording as 1L;
(3) Steaming fresh wild ginseng in a steaming cabinet with boiled water for about 90-150min, standing in a drying environment at 40+ -5deg.C for 3D-8D until drying is completed, and freezing at-20deg.C to obtain 1D;
(4) Steaming in a steaming cabinet with boiled water for about 60-90min on the basis of the group (2), standing in a drying environment with the temperature of 40+ -5deg.C, drying for 3-7 d until the drying is completed, refrigerating at 0deg.C, and storing as 2L;
(5) Steaming in a steaming cabinet with boiled water for about 60-90min on the basis of group (3), standing in a drying environment at 40+ -5deg.C for 3D-7D until drying is complete, and freezing at-20deg.C for 2D.
2. Sample ginsenoside content determination method and result:
the method for measuring the total ginsenoside content comprises the following steps:
the detection method of the ginseng total saponins is referred to Chinese pharmacopoeia.
The method for measuring the content of the monomeric saponin comprises the following steps:
pretreatment:
pulverizing Ginseng radix samples of each treatment group, sieving with 65 mesh sieve, taking 3 parts of each sample, adding 50mL of methanol into each part of 200mg, performing ultrasonic treatment for 30min, standing overnight, performing ultrasonic treatment again for 2h, and filtering supernatant after ultrasonic treatment with 0.22 μm filter membrane to obtain sample.
Detection conditions:
(1) Chromatographic conditions: chromatographic column: waters BEH C18.7 μm 2.1mm x 100mm; column temperature: 45 ℃; flow rate: 0.5mL/min; mobile phase: a-acetonitrile-0.01% formic acid solution; b-0.01% formic acid solution; eluting: 0min-3.85min: a:19%;3.85min-5.85min: a:19% -21%;5.85min-8.25min: a:21% -28%;8.25min-13.05min: a:28% -31%;13.05min-21.05min: a:31% -46%;21.05min-22.65min: a:46% -54%;22.65min-24.89min: a:54%.
(2) Mass spectrometry conditions: electrospraying negative ions; monitoring multiple reactions; capillary voltage: 2.5kV; desolventizing nitrogen: flow rate: 1000L/h, temperature: 550 ℃.
Ginsenoside content detection table
The detection results of the table show that the total saponin content of the Cheng Yeshan ginseng red ginseng is lost after the wild ginseng is adopted to prepare the Cheng Yeshan ginseng red ginseng, the efficacy value of the red ginseng can be effectively improved by freezing the steamed wild ginseng red ginseng at the temperature of minus 20 ℃, and the low-polarity rare ginseng saponin content and the total ginsenoside content are higher than those of other treatment groups. Therefore, the red ginseng product obtained by the preparation method provided by the invention has higher functional components.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and are not limiting; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The preparation method of the wild ginseng red ginseng is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Selecting and cleaning fresh wild ginseng: selecting fresh wild ginseng, and cleaning the selected fresh wild ginseng;
(2) Steaming: steaming the cleaned fresh wild ginseng in a steaming cabinet with boiled water;
wherein the steaming time is 90-150min;
(3) Naturally placing: naturally placing the steamed wild ginseng in a steaming cabinet;
(4) And (3) drying: standing the naturally placed wild ginseng in a drying environment for drying until the wild ginseng is completely dried;
(5) Wetting and softening: wetting the dried wild ginseng with clear water until the wild ginseng is soft;
(6) Freezing: taking out the wild ginseng completely in the step (5), and freezing;
wherein the temperature of the freezing treatment is-20 ℃.
2. The method for preparing wild ginseng red ginseng according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the selection of the fresh wild ginseng is to select the fresh wild ginseng with similar size and no mechanical damage and no plant diseases and insect pests.
3. The method for preparing wild ginseng red ginseng according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the fresh wild ginseng is drained after the selected fresh wild ginseng is washed.
4. The method for preparing wild ginseng red ginseng according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the natural standing time is at least 12 hours.
5. The method for preparing wild ginseng red ginseng according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the temperature of the drying environment is 40-45 ℃ and the drying time is 3-8d.
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| CN106266249A (en) * | 2015-05-21 | 2017-01-04 | 金蔘宝株式会社 | Green tea Radix Ginseng Rubra dried object that suppression is fat and preparation method thereof |
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| KR20200055471A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2020-05-21 | 크로텍바이오 주식회사 | Method for manufactruing freeze dried red ginseng with cirspy taste and red ginseng using thereof |
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| CN108619195A (en) * | 2018-07-06 | 2018-10-09 | 芜湖天成普阳中药科技有限公司 | Red ginseng is fresh to carry freeze-dried powder medicine materical crude slice |
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| CN114869925A (en) * | 2022-04-29 | 2022-08-09 | 中国药科大学 | Ginseng radix Rubri processing method for increasing content of rare saponins in Ginseng radix |
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