CN115420633A - Device and method for testing effect of stress-drilling fluid flowing-hydration on stratum - Google Patents
Device and method for testing effect of stress-drilling fluid flowing-hydration on stratum Download PDFInfo
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- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 97
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
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- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 56
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- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
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- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/32—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces
- G01N3/36—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying repeated or pulsating forces generated by pneumatic or hydraulic means
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/022—Environment of the test
- G01N2203/0244—Tests performed "in situ" or after "in situ" use
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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Abstract
The invention discloses a device and a method for testing the effect of stress-drilling fluid flowing-hydration on a stratum, wherein the device comprises a pressure kettle, a central control server, a drilling fluid control system, a temperature control system, a circulation control system, a hydraulic system and a deformation monitoring system, wherein the two ends of the drilling fluid control system, the temperature control system, the circulation control system, the hydraulic system and the deformation monitoring system are respectively connected with the pressure kettle and the central control server. The drilling fluid control system is connected with the pressure kettle through a pressure sensor and a drilling fluid injection emptying pipeline. The temperature control system is connected with the pressure kettle through a temperature sensor and an electromagnetic heating device. The circulation control system is connected with the pressure kettle through a circulation perturbator. Applying different stresses to the rock sample by using a pressure conversion pressure head in the pressure kettle, acting with the high-temperature high-pressure circulating drilling fluid, taking out the rock sample and measuring various parameters. The comprehensive research on the influence of the formation stress state, the temperature, the pressure, the flow rate and the hydration of the drilling fluid on the formation properties is realized, and the method has the advantages of high efficiency and high precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of oil and gas drilling engineering, and particularly relates to a device and a method for testing the effect of stress-drilling fluid flowing-hydration on a stratum.
Background
In the drilling process of an oil and gas reservoir, due to the difference of physicochemical properties of formation pore fluid in rock pores near a well wall and drilling fluid circularly flowing in a well shaft, the changes of pore fluid pressure, density, ion composition and capillary force can occur. Meanwhile, the temperature and pressure of the drilling fluid increase with increasing wellbore depth, further affecting the physicochemical properties of the drilling fluid. Under such complex influences, the properties of the borehole wall rock, including mechanical properties, change. CN20170010420 discloses a mudstone and drilling fluid interaction simulation experiment device and method under stratum conditions, which can simulate the interaction between a drilling fluid and a rock sample under high-temperature and high-pressure stratum conditions, but do not consider the influence of the stress state of the rock sample on the properties of the rock sample after the rock sample interacts with the drilling fluid. In fact, the in-situ stress states of the stratum rocks under different geological environments are different, and the stress states of the rock on the well wall after the well is drilled can have large differences, and the stress states of the rock are important factors of the influence of the circulating drilling fluid in the well casing on the rock properties of the well wall. The method has the advantages that the influence rule of the drilling fluid on the rock properties of the well wall under different stress conditions is accurately obtained, the method has a vital guiding effect on the stability analysis of the well wall and the performance evaluation of the drilling fluid in the drilling process, and meanwhile, a foundation is laid for the scheme design and optimization of the efficient drilling and completion of the oil and gas well. The invention provides a device and a method for testing the effect of stress-drilling fluid flowing-hydration on a stratum, which can accurately obtain the influence rule of drilling fluid on the rock property of a well wall under different stress conditions and realize the research on the effectiveness and the accuracy of stratum parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a device and a method for testing the effect of stress-drilling fluid flowing-hydration on the stratum, which realize the comprehensive research on the influence of the stress state of the stratum, the temperature, the pressure, the flow rate and the hydration of the drilling fluid on the stratum property and have the advantages of high efficiency and high precision.
The testing device for the effect of stress-drilling fluid flowing-hydration on the stratum comprises a pressure kettle, a central control server, a drilling fluid control system, a temperature control system, a circulation control system, a hydraulic system and a deformation monitoring system,
the drilling fluid control system, the temperature control system, the circulation control system, the hydraulic system and the deformation monitoring system are respectively connected with the central control server;
the drilling fluid control system is connected with the pressure kettle through a pressure sensor and a drilling fluid injection and emptying pipeline, the pressure sensor is arranged on the pressure kettle and extends into the pressure kettle, the drilling fluid control system collects the fracturing fluid pressure data of the pressure sensor for the central control server, and according to the instruction of the central control server, the vacuumizing in the pressure kettle and the injection, pressurization and back-discharge of the drilling fluid are completed through the drilling fluid injection and emptying pipeline;
an electromagnetic heating device covers the outside of the pressure kettle body, a temperature sensor is integrated at the bottom of the pressure kettle, and the temperature control system is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the electromagnetic heating device;
the bottom of the pressure kettle is provided with a circulation perturbator and extends into the pressure kettle, and the circulation control system is connected with the pressure kettle through the circulation perturbator;
the hydraulic system is connected with a hydraulic cavity of the pressure kettle through a hydraulic pipeline;
the pressure kettle is filled with drilling fluid, the test rock samples are placed in the pressure kettle, high-precision strain gauges are respectively arranged in the axial direction and the radial direction of each test rock sample, and the deformation monitoring system is connected with the test rock samples in the pressure kettle through the high-precision strain gauges and the data transmission cables;
the pressure kettle converts the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cavity at the top of the pressure kettle into axial pressures with different sizes applied to each tested rock sample in the pressure kettle, and the axial pressures act on the high-temperature high-pressure circulating drilling fluid to determine required rock sample parameters.
Further, autoclave is for high temperature resistant, high pressure resistant, corrosion resistant alloy material to make, including detachable seal top cap, the high heat conduction cauldron body, fixed sealed bottom and pressure conversion pressure head, detachable seal top cap sets up at high heat conduction cauldron body top and connects through fastening bolt, detachable seal top cap is inside to be formed with hollow hydraulic pressure chamber, the equidistance distributes on the hydraulic pressure chamber lower chamber wall has the same echelonment pressure head recess of a plurality of, echelonment pressure head recess is with hydraulic pressure chamber lower chamber wall and detachable seal top cap lower surface intercommunication, the pressure conversion pressure head sets up in echelonment pressure head recess.
Furthermore, a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a circulating perturbator, a drilling fluid injection and emptying pipeline and a data transmission cable are integrally installed on the fixed sealing bottom cover; a plurality of grooves which have the same radial size and are used for fixing the rock sample are distributed on the inner surface of the fixed sealing bottom cover;
the radial dimension of one end of the pressure conversion pressure head is the same as that of a certain step in the step-shaped pressure head groove of the detachable sealing top cover, the radial dimension of the other end of the pressure conversion pressure head is the same as that of the groove on the inner surface of the fixed sealing bottom cover, a sealing ring is arranged at the contact position of the side surface of the pressure conversion pressure head and the step-shaped pressure head groove, and each pressure conversion pressure head is assembled in the step-shaped pressure head groove in advance.
Further, the number of the stepped pressure head grooves, the fixed sealing bottom cover inner surface grooves and the pressure conversion pressure heads are equal; the radial dimension of the groove on the inner surface of the fixed sealing bottom cover is the same as the dimension of the test rock sample.
A method of testing a test apparatus for the effects of stress-drilling fluid flow-hydration on a formation, the method comprising the steps of:
and 3, after the drilling fluid and the test rock samples act for a certain time, recording axial and radial strain data of each test rock sample under different stress conditions, which are acquired by the central control server, closing each system, returning the fracturing fluid, opening the detachable sealing top cover, taking out the test rock samples, and measuring and calculating various required property parameters.
Has the advantages that: the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) Under the same drilling fluid environmental condition, adopt the pressure conversion pressure head, turn into the hydraulic pressure of triaxial mechanics experiment machine in to the detachable seal cap hydraulic pressure chamber of autoclave into the not equidimension axle pressure of exerting every test rock specimen in the autoclave, controlled single variable, research precision and research efficiency improve.
2) The method can simulate the high-temperature and high-pressure conditions in the shaft and the circulating flow of the drilling fluid in the actual drilling construction process, and can obtain the research result according with the actual engineering situation.
3) The pressure kettle is simple and reliable in structure, and the whole experimental device realizes more standardized operation of an informationized and modularized control device.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a simulation study apparatus according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the autoclave of FIG. 1 after longitudinal sectioning and expansion;
FIG. 3 is a cutaway top view of the section of FIG. 2 AA';
FIG. 4 is a top view of the inner surface of the bottom cover of the stationary seal according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a pressure conversion ram according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a ribbed plate-type circulatory perturber according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the preferred embodiment of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a schematic diagram of a testing apparatus for stress-drilling fluid flowing-hydration effect on a formation according to the present invention includes a pressure vessel 1, a central control server 4, a drilling fluid control system 3, a temperature control system 2, a circulation control system 5, a hydraulic system 6, and a deformation monitoring system. And the drilling fluid control system 3, the temperature control system 2, the circulation control system 5, the hydraulic system 6 and the deformation monitoring system are respectively connected with the central control server 4. And the drilling fluid control system 3 is connected with the pressure kettle 1 through pressure sensors 1-6 and a drilling fluid injection emptying pipeline 7. The temperature control system 2 is connected with the pressure kettle 1 through temperature sensors 1-5 and electromagnetic heating devices 1-8. The circulation control system 5 is connected with the pressure kettle 1 through rib plate type circulation disturbers 1-7. The hydraulic system 6 is connected with the pressure vessel 1 through hydraulic chambers 1-10 and a hydraulic pipeline 11. The deformation monitoring system is connected with a test rock sample 9 in the pressure kettle 1 through a high-precision strain gauge 12 and a data transmission cable 8.
As shown in fig. 2, it is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the autoclave of the present invention after being longitudinally cut and expanded. The pressure kettle 1 is made of high-temperature-resistant, high-pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy materials and comprises a round detachable sealing top cover 1-1, a high-heat-conductivity cylindrical kettle body 1-2, a round fixed sealing bottom cover 1-3 and a pressure conversion pressure head 1-4. The detachable sealing top cover 1-1, the circular fixed sealing bottom cover 1-3 and the high heat conduction cylindrical kettle body 1-2 are connected through bolts. FIG. 3Fig. 4 and 5 are respectively a sectional top view of AA' in fig. 2, a top view of the inner surface of the stationary sealing bottom cap 1-3, and a schematic view of the pressure conversion head 1-4. A hollow hydraulic cavity 1-10 is formed inside the detachable sealing top cover 1-1, and a hydraulic pipeline is connected with the hydraulic cavity 1-10 through a hydraulic pipeline mounting hole 1-1-2. 4 same step-shaped pressure head grooves 1-1-1 are equidistantly distributed on the lower cavity wall of the hydraulic cavity 1-10. The diameter of each step of the step-shaped pressure head groove 1-1-1 is phi 1 =50mm、Φ 2 =45mm、Φ 3 =40mm、Φ 4 =35mm. The stepped pressure head groove 1-1-1 is used for communicating the lower cavity wall of the hydraulic cavity 1-10 with the lower surface of the detachable sealing top cover 1-1. The autoclave 1 has an inner cavity of Φ =150 × 50mm. And the fixed sealing bottom cover 1-3 is integrally provided with a temperature sensor 1-5, a pressure sensor 1-6, a ribbed plate type circulating disturber 1-7, a drilling fluid injection emptying pipeline 7 and a data transmission cable 8. And the inner surfaces thereof are distributed with the same diameter phi 0 4 grooves 1-3-1 in the inner surface of a fixed sealing bottom cover with the depth of 3mm and the thickness of 25mm, wherein the fixed sealing bottom cover 1-3 is also provided with a pressure sensor mounting hole 1-3-2, a rib plate type circulating perturbator mounting hole 1-3-3, a temperature sensor mounting hole 1-3-4, a drilling fluid injection emptying pipeline mounting hole 1-3-5 and a sealing ring 1-3-6; and bolt connecting holes 1-3-7.
The electromagnetic heating device 1-8 is covered outside the high heat conduction cylindrical kettle body 1-2. One end of the pressure conversion pressure head 1-4 has the same radial dimension as a certain step in the step-shaped pressure head groove 1-1-1 of the detachable sealing top cover 1-1, and the other end has the same radial dimension as the inner surface groove 1-3-1 of the fixed sealing bottom cover 1-3. And sealing rings 1-9 are arranged at the contact positions of the side surfaces of the two ends of the pressure conversion pressure head 1-4 and the stepped pressure head groove 1-1-1. Each pressure conversion pressure head 1-4 is assembled in the step-shaped pressure head groove 1-1-1 in advance, and plays a role in sealing and isolating between the hydraulic cavity 1-10 and the drilling fluid cavity.
The number of the step-shaped pressure head grooves 1-1-1 of the detachable sealing top cover 1-1, the inner surface grooves 1-3-1 of the fixed sealing bottom cover 1-3 and the number of the pressure conversion pressure heads 1-4 are all 4. The diameter of the groove 1-3-1 on the inner surface of the fixed sealing bottom cover 1-3 is the same as that of the test rock sample 9, and the test rock sample 9 is 4 rock samples with standard sizes (25 mm multiplied by 50 mm) and the same physical property parameters.
The drilling fluid control system 3 collects fracturing fluid pressure data P of the pressure sensors 1-6 for the central control server 4, and completes vacuumizing in the pressure kettle 1 and injection, pressurization and flowback of the drilling fluid 10 through the drilling fluid injection and emptying pipeline 7 according to instructions of the central control server 4.
The temperature control system 2 collects data T of the temperature sensors 1 to 5 for the central control server 4 and directly controls the electromagnetic heating devices 1 to 8 according to instructions of the central control server 4.
The circulation control system 5 directly controls the ribbed plate type circulation disturbers 1-7 according to the instruction of the central control server 4, so that the circulation flow of the drilling fluid 10 in the pressure kettle 1 is realized. Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a ribbed circulatory perturber 1-7 according to the present invention.
The experimental method for the combined effect of stress-drilling fluid flow-hydration on the stratum by using the experimental device shown in figure 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Taking down the detachable sealing top cover 1-1, placing 4 test rock samples 9 into the pressure kettle 1, placing the bottom of each test rock sample 9 into a groove 1-3-1 on the inner surface of the fixed sealing bottom cover 1-3, and respectively arranging high-precision strain gauges 12 in the axial direction and the radial direction of each test rock sample 9. Then accurately placing an assembly of the pressure conversion pressure head 1-4 and the detachable sealing top cover 1-1 on the top of the test rock sample 9, and installing and fastening the detachable sealing top cover 1-1 by using a fastening bolt 13;
(2) Starting the hydraulic system 6 until the specified hydraulic pressure P is reached in the hydraulic cavities 1-10 L And (5) converting the hydraulic pressure into different axial pressures on the test rock sample 9 by using different pressure conversion pressure heads 1-4 under the condition of 35 MPa. The inside of the sealed pressure kettle 1 is vacuumized by using a drilling fluid control system 3 and a drilling fluid injection and emptying pipeline 7, then drilling fluid 10 is injected into the pressure kettle 1 and pressurized to a specified pressure P W And =25MPa. The temperature control system 2 is utilized to start the electromagnetic heating devices 1-8 and obtain the number of the temperature sensors 1-5Accordingly, the drilling fluid 10 is heated to a specified temperature T W =80 ℃. Opening the ribbed plate type circulation disturber 1-7 by using the circulation control system 5 and adjusting the rotating speed to 200 revolutions per minute to ensure that the drilling fluid 10 circularly flows in the pressure kettle 1;
(3) After the drilling fluid 10 and the test rock sample 9 act for a certain time, axial and radial strain data of each test rock sample 9 under different stress conditions, which are collected by the central control server 4, are recorded, then all the systems are closed, the fracturing fluid 10 is discharged back, the detachable sealing top cover 1-1 is opened, the test rock sample 9 is taken out, and all required property parameters are measured and calculated. The invention realizes the experimental research of the joint action of stress-drilling fluid flowing-hydration on the stratum under the high-temperature and high-pressure shaft environment. On the premise of simulating the temperature and pressure of the actual stratum drilling working condition and the drilling fluid circulation condition, the pressure conversion pressure heads 1-4 are utilized to complete the application of different simulated ground stresses to the test rock sample 9, and the method has higher research precision and research efficiency.
It is to be understood that the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, and those skilled in the art may make modifications, alterations, additions or substitutions within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The device for testing the effect of stress-drilling fluid flowing-hydration on the stratum is characterized by comprising a pressure kettle, a central control server, a drilling fluid control system, a temperature control system, a circulation control system, a hydraulic system and a deformation monitoring system,
the drilling fluid control system, the temperature control system, the circulation control system, the hydraulic system and the deformation monitoring system are respectively connected with the central control server;
the drilling fluid control system is connected with the pressure kettle through a pressure sensor and a drilling fluid injection and emptying pipeline, the pressure sensor is arranged on the pressure kettle and extends into the pressure kettle, the drilling fluid control system collects the fracturing fluid pressure data of the pressure sensor for the central control server, and according to the instruction of the central control server, the vacuumizing in the pressure kettle and the injection, pressurization and back-discharge of the drilling fluid are completed through the drilling fluid injection and emptying pipeline;
an electromagnetic heating device covers the outside of the pressure kettle body, a temperature sensor is integrated at the bottom of the pressure kettle, and the temperature control system is respectively connected with the temperature sensor and the electromagnetic heating device;
the bottom of the pressure kettle is provided with a circulating perturbator which extends into the pressure kettle, and the circulating control system is connected with the pressure kettle through the circulating perturbator;
the hydraulic system is connected with a hydraulic cavity of the pressure kettle through a hydraulic pipeline;
the pressure kettle is filled with drilling fluid, the test rock samples are placed in the pressure kettle, high-precision strain gauges are respectively arranged in the axial direction and the radial direction of each test rock sample, and the deformation monitoring system is connected with the test rock samples in the pressure kettle through the high-precision strain gauges and the data transmission cables;
the pressure kettle converts the hydraulic pressure in the hydraulic cavity at the top of the pressure kettle into axial pressures with different sizes applied to each tested rock sample in the pressure kettle, and the axial pressures act on the high-temperature high-pressure circulating drilling fluid to determine required rock sample parameters.
2. The apparatus for testing the effect of stress-drilling fluid flow-hydration on a formation of claim 1, wherein: the pressure kettle is made of high-temperature-resistant, high-pressure-resistant and corrosion-resistant alloy materials and comprises a detachable sealing top cover, a high-heat-conductivity kettle body, a fixed sealing bottom cover and a pressure conversion pressure head, wherein the detachable sealing top cover is arranged at the top of the high-heat-conductivity kettle body and connected with the high-heat-conductivity kettle body through fastening bolts, a hollow hydraulic cavity is formed inside the detachable sealing top cover, a plurality of same stepped pressure head grooves are distributed on the lower cavity wall of the hydraulic cavity at equal intervals, the lower cavity wall of the hydraulic cavity is communicated with the lower surface of the detachable sealing top cover through the stepped pressure head grooves, and the pressure conversion pressure head is arranged in the stepped pressure head grooves.
3. The apparatus for testing the effect of stress-drilling fluid mobilization-hydration on a formation of claim 2, wherein: the fixed sealing bottom cover is integrally provided with a temperature sensor, a pressure sensor, a circulating perturbator, a drilling fluid injection and emptying pipeline and a data transmission cable; a plurality of grooves which have the same radial size and are used for fixing the rock sample are distributed on the inner surface of the fixed sealing bottom cover;
the radial dimension of one end of the pressure conversion pressure head is the same as that of a certain step in the step-shaped pressure head groove of the detachable sealing top cover, the radial dimension of the other end of the pressure conversion pressure head is the same as that of the groove on the inner surface of the fixed sealing bottom cover, a sealing ring is arranged at the contact position of the side surface of the pressure conversion pressure head and the step-shaped pressure head groove, and each pressure conversion pressure head is assembled in the step-shaped pressure head groove in advance.
4. The apparatus for testing the effect of stress-drilling fluid flow-hydration on a formation of claim 3, wherein: the stepped pressure head grooves, the fixed sealing bottom cover inner surface grooves and the pressure conversion pressure heads are equal in number; the radial dimension of the groove on the inner surface of the fixed sealing bottom cover is the same as the dimension of the test rock sample.
5. A method of testing using the apparatus for testing the effect of stress-drilling fluid flow-hydration on a subterranean formation of any of claims 1 to 4, the method comprising the steps of:
step 1, taking down a detachable sealing top cover, placing a plurality of test rock samples into a pressure kettle, placing the bottom of each test rock sample into a groove on the inner surface of a fixed sealing bottom cover, respectively arranging high-precision strain gauges in the axial direction and the radial direction of each test rock sample, then accurately placing an assembly body of a pressure conversion pressure head and the detachable sealing top cover on the top of each test rock sample, and installing and fastening the detachable sealing top cover;
step 2, starting a hydraulic system, injecting hydraulic oil into the hydraulic cavity through a hydraulic pipeline until the hydraulic cavity reaches a specified hydraulic value, vacuumizing the interior of the pressure kettle by using a drilling fluid control system and a drilling fluid injection vent pipeline, injecting drilling fluid into the pressure kettle through the drilling fluid injection vent pipeline and pressurizing, monitoring the pressure in the pressure kettle in real time by using a drilling fluid control system through a pressure sensor in the pressurizing process, stopping pressurizing until the specified pressure is reached, starting an electromagnetic heating device by using a temperature control system and obtaining temperature sensor data, heating the drilling fluid to a specified temperature, and starting a circulation perturbator by using a circulation control system to enable the drilling fluid to circularly flow in the pressure kettle at a specified speed;
and 3, after the drilling fluid and the test rock samples act for a certain time, recording axial and radial strain data of each test rock sample under different stress conditions, which are acquired by the central control server, closing each system, returning the fracturing fluid, opening the detachable sealing top cover, taking out the test rock samples, and measuring and calculating various required property parameters.
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李庆超: "钻井液特性对近井地带水合物分解的影响", 《大庆石油地质与开发》, vol. 38, no. 03, 30 April 2019 (2019-04-30), pages 59 - 64 * |
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