CN115420031A - Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation - Google Patents

Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115420031A
CN115420031A CN202211112896.3A CN202211112896A CN115420031A CN 115420031 A CN115420031 A CN 115420031A CN 202211112896 A CN202211112896 A CN 202211112896A CN 115420031 A CN115420031 A CN 115420031A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
temperature
low
section
temperature section
heat exchanger
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Pending
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CN202211112896.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
刘少帅
吴亦农
殷旺
蒋珍华
丁磊
伍文婷
宋键镗
项汉桢
杨宝玉
陆志
黄政
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Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of CAS
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Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics of CAS
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Priority to CN202211112896.3A priority Critical patent/CN115420031A/en
Publication of CN115420031A publication Critical patent/CN115420031A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F25B9/145—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle pulse-tube cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B39/00—Evaporators; Condensers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B40/00—Subcoolers, desuperheaters or superheaters
    • F25B40/06—Superheaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation, wherein heat regenerators of a high-temperature section and a low-temperature section and a pulse tube both adopt coaxial structures, the middle part of the high-temperature section is precooled by providing a low-temperature environment for a precooling heat exchanger, and the low-temperature section and the high-temperature section adopt a gas coupling connection mode to form gas path communication. The high-temperature phase modulation device uses a phase modulation mode of a room-temperature inertia tube gas reservoir, a room-temperature passive piston and a room-temperature active piston; the low-temperature phase modulation device uses a low-temperature inertia tube gas reservoir, a low-temperature active piston and a low-temperature phase modulation mode of low-temperature active phase modulation power recovery. The pulse tube refrigerator with the structure is simple and compact in structure, and can meet the requirements of different refrigeration temperature areas and refrigeration capacities; in addition, the middle part of the high-temperature section heat regenerator is precooled, so that the refrigerator can obtain lower refrigerating temperature and larger refrigerating capacity, and the high-efficiency refrigeration of a deep low-temperature region is realized.

Description

Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of small-sized low-temperature refrigerators, and particularly relates to a pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation.
Background
The pulse tube refrigerator is an important branch in the field of deep low temperature refrigerators, and has important academic research and application value.
The pulse tube refrigerator is a small low-temperature refrigerator which is developed rapidly in recent years, and has the advantages of no moving part at the cold end, compact structure, high stability and the like, so that the pulse tube refrigerator has wide application prospect. In order to meet the application requirements of the pulse tube refrigerator in the liquid helium temperature region, a multi-stage coupling structural arrangement scheme is often adopted. The current multistage pulse tube refrigerator has two coupling modes, namely a thermal coupling mode and an air coupling mode. The coupling relationship among the thermal coupling modes is realized by transferring heat through a thermal bridge, and the system has the advantages that the air flows in the refrigerators at all levels are mutually independent, the parameters of all levels can be independently optimized, but the system structure is more complicated, and the weight and the volume of the system are greatly increased by adopting a plurality of driving compressors, so that the system is not beneficial to practical application; the gas coupling mode has the advantage of relatively more compact structure, but the problems of gas flow distribution and circulation are caused due to gas flow communication, and in addition, the pre-stage pulse tube refrigerator is low in efficiency because the pressurizing and frequency of each stage of pulse tube refrigerator need to be kept consistent, the design cannot be optimized independently, and the pre-stage pulse tube refrigerator is not beneficial to cooling. In addition, for the multi-stage pulse tube, the phase modulation mechanisms of the high-temperature stage and the low-temperature stage also need to be reasonably designed according to the requirements of an application temperature zone and refrigerating capacity so as to improve the overall efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator, for the low-temperature stage phase modulation, most of the widely used phase modulation modes such as an inertia tube air reservoir, a piston, two-way air inlet and the like are room-temperature phase modulation at present, and for the pulse tube refrigerator in a deep low-temperature region, the phase modulation capability is insufficient, so that the pulse tube refrigerator is not beneficial to further reducing the refrigerating capacity and improving the refrigerating efficiency.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above problems and needs, an object of the present invention is to provide a pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation, which fully utilizes the respective advantages of thermal coupling and air coupling, wherein the auxiliary phase modulation mechanisms of a high-temperature stage and a low-temperature stage can meet the requirements of different refrigeration temperature regions and refrigeration capacities, and the low-temperature stage uses low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation to increase the phase modulation capacity and realize high-efficiency refrigeration in deep low-temperature regions.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation is characterized in that: the driving compressor is connected with the hot end heat exchanger through a copper pipe; the hot end heat exchanger, the first section high-temperature section heat regenerator, the precooling heat exchanger, the second section high-temperature section heat regenerator, the intermediate heat exchanger, the low-temperature section heat regenerator and the cold end heat exchanger are sequentially connected in a screwing or welding mode; the high-temperature section pulse tube and the first section high-temperature section heat regenerator, the precooling heat exchanger and the second section high-temperature section heat regenerator are coaxially arranged, and the high-temperature section phase modulation device is connected with the hot end of the high-temperature section pulse tube in a screwed connection or welding way; the low-temperature section phase modulation device is connected with the hot end of the low-temperature section pulse tube in a screwed or welded mode;
working medium helium compressed by a driving compressor sequentially flows through a hot end heat exchanger, a first section high-temperature section heat regenerator, a precooling heat exchanger, a second section high-temperature section heat regenerator and an intermediate heat exchanger, after passing through the intermediate heat exchanger, one part of the working medium helium flows to a high-temperature section pulse tube and a high-temperature section phase modulation device, and the other part of the working medium helium flows to a low-temperature section heat regenerator, a cold end heat exchanger, a low-temperature section pulse tube and a low-temperature section phase modulation device;
the pre-cooling heat exchanger and the pre-cooling device are connected by a copper thermal bridge; the low-temperature phase modulation device and the intermediate heat exchanger are connected by a copper thermal bridge to perform high-efficiency heat conduction.
The high-temperature section phase modulation device is structurally in the form of a room-temperature inertia tube air reservoir, a room-temperature passive piston or a room-temperature active piston.
The low-temperature section phase modulation device is in the structural form of a low-temperature inertia tube air reservoir, a low-temperature active piston or a low-temperature work recovery active phase modulation piston.
The pre-cooling device uses a single-stage pulse tube refrigerator, a single-stage Stirling refrigerator, a single-stage GM type refrigerator or a liquid nitrogen Dewar.
The basic principle of the pulse tube refrigerator is as follows: the pulse tube refrigerator has heat accumulating filler filled inside the heat regenerator to accumulate the cold amount in the circulation and to transfer the cold medium gas to raise the refrigerating efficiency. The existence of the phase modulation device can change the motion states of pressure, flow and the like of gas flowing through, further influence the phase difference between pressure waves and mass flows in the pulse tube refrigerator, and lead the phase relation to be beneficial to the adjustment of improving the refrigeration performance, thereby improving the performance of the refrigerator.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
the low-temperature pulse tube refrigerator is simpler and more compact in structure as a whole, and the number of driving compressors is reduced; the pre-stage precooling devices are relatively independent, so that working parameters are convenient to adjust and optimize; the precooling device is used for precooling the high-temperature section of the refrigerator, so that lower refrigerating temperature and larger refrigerating capacity can be obtained, and high-efficiency refrigeration of a deep low-temperature region is realized; the high-temperature-level pulse tube and the low-temperature-level pulse tube can select an auxiliary phase modulation structure according to the requirements of temperature areas and cold quantity.
The low-temperature-level pulse tube adopts a low-temperature phase modulation mode, so that the physical properties of working medium gas entering a phase modulation device can be changed, the gas pressure and the dynamic viscosity depth are reduced, the inertia force and the flexibility are increased, the phase modulation resistance is reduced, and the phase modulation capability in a low-temperature region can be greatly improved; the work recovery structure can recover part of the sound work at the hot end of the pulse tube under the condition of large-cold-quantity refrigeration, and further improves the efficiency of the pulse tube refrigerator.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a cryopulse tube refrigerator with low temperature auxiliary phase modulation;
the numbers in the figures are as follows: the system comprises a driving compressor 1, a hot end heat exchanger 2, a first section high-temperature section heat regenerator 3, a precooling heat exchanger 4, a precooling device 5, a second section high-temperature section heat regenerator 6, an intermediate heat exchanger 7, a high-temperature section pulse tube 8, a high-temperature section phase modulation device 9, a low-temperature section heat regenerator 10, a cold end heat exchanger 11, a low-temperature section pulse tube 12 and a low-temperature section phase modulation device 13.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.
As shown in fig. 1, the present embodiment provides a pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation, including: the driving compressor 1 is connected with the hot end heat exchanger 2 through a copper pipe; the hot end heat exchanger 2, the first section high-temperature section heat regenerator 3, the precooling heat exchanger 4, the second section high-temperature section heat regenerator 6, the intermediate heat exchanger 7, the low-temperature section heat regenerator 10 and the cold end heat exchanger 11 are connected in sequence in a threaded connection or welding mode; the high-temperature section pulse tube 8 and the first section high-temperature section heat regenerator 3, the precooling heat exchanger 4 and the second section high-temperature section heat regenerator 6 are coaxially arranged, and the hot end of the high-temperature section phase modulation device 9 is connected with the hot end of the high-temperature section pulse tube 8 in a screwing or welding mode; the low-temperature section pulse tube 12 and the low-temperature section heat regenerator 10 are coaxially arranged, and the low-temperature section phase modulation device 13 is connected with the hot end of the low-temperature section pulse tube 12 in a screwed connection or welding manner;
working medium helium compressed by a driving compressor 1 sequentially flows through a hot end heat exchanger 2, a first section high-temperature section heat regenerator 3, a precooling heat exchanger 4, a second section high-temperature section heat regenerator 6 and an intermediate heat exchanger 7, after passing through the intermediate heat exchanger 7, one part of the working medium helium flows to a high-temperature section pulse tube 8 and a high-temperature section phase modulation device 9, and the other part of the working medium helium flows to a low-temperature section heat regenerator 10, a cold end heat exchanger 11, a low-temperature section pulse tube 12 and a low-temperature section phase modulation device 13;
the pre-cooling heat exchanger 4 is connected with the pre-cooling device 5 through a copper thermal bridge; the low-temperature section phase modulation device 13 is also connected with the intermediate heat exchanger 7 by a copper thermal bridge for high-efficiency heat conduction.
The pre-cooling heat exchanger 4, the intermediate heat exchanger 7 and the cold end heat exchanger 11 are all conventional slit heat exchangers.
The high-temperature phase modulation device 9 is in the structural forms of a room-temperature inertia tube air reservoir, a room-temperature passive piston and a room-temperature active piston.
The low-temperature section phase modulation device 13 is structurally formed by a low-temperature inertia tube air reservoir, a low-temperature active piston and a low-temperature work recovery active phase modulation piston.
The pre-cooling device 5 uses a single-stage pulse tube refrigerator, a single-stage Stirling refrigerator, a single-stage GM type refrigerator and a liquid nitrogen Dewar.
Finally, it should be noted that: it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and the embodiments and descriptions are only illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which are intended to fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (4)

1. A pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation comprises a driving compressor (1), a hot end heat exchanger (2), a first section high-temperature section heat regenerator (3), a precooling heat exchanger (4), a second section high-temperature section heat regenerator (6), an intermediate heat exchanger (7), a low-temperature section heat regenerator (10) and a cold end heat exchanger (11); the method is characterized in that:
the driving compressor (1) is connected with the hot end heat exchanger (2) through a copper pipe; the hot end heat exchanger (2), the first section high-temperature section heat regenerator (3), the precooling heat exchanger (4), the second section high-temperature section heat regenerator (6), the middle heat exchanger (7), the low-temperature section heat regenerator (10) and the cold end heat exchanger (11) are connected in sequence in a screwing or welding mode; the high-temperature section pulse tube (8) and the first section high-temperature section heat regenerator (3), the precooling heat exchanger (4) and the second section high-temperature section heat regenerator (6) are coaxially arranged, and the high-temperature section phase modulation device (9) is connected with the hot end of the high-temperature section pulse tube (8) in a screwing or welding mode; the low-temperature section pulse tube (12) and the low-temperature section regenerator (10) are coaxially arranged, and the low-temperature section phase modulation device (13) is connected with the hot end of the low-temperature section pulse tube (12) in a screwing or welding mode;
working medium helium compressed by the compressor (1) flows through the hot end heat exchanger (2), the first section high-temperature section heat regenerator (3), the precooling heat exchanger (4), the second section high-temperature section heat regenerator (6) and the intermediate heat exchanger (7) in sequence, one part of the working medium helium flows to the high-temperature section pulse tube (8) and the high-temperature section phase modulation device (9) through the intermediate heat exchanger (7), and the other part of the working medium helium flows to the low-temperature section heat regenerator (10), the cold end heat exchanger (11), the low-temperature section pulse tube (12) and the low-temperature section phase modulation device (13);
the precooling heat exchanger (4) is connected with the precooling device (5) by a copper heat bridge; the low-temperature phase modulation device (13) and the intermediate heat exchanger (7) are connected by a copper thermal bridge for heat conduction.
2. A pulse tube refrigerator with cryogenically assisted phasing according to claim 1, characterized in that the high temperature section phasing apparatus (9) is configured as a room temperature inertance tube reservoir, a room temperature passive piston or a room temperature active piston.
3. A pulse tube refrigerator with low temperature auxiliary phasing according to claim 1, characterized in that the low temperature section phasing device (13) is in the form of a low temperature inertance tube gas reservoir, a low temperature active piston or a low temperature work recovery active phasing piston.
4. A pulse tube refrigerator with cryo-assisted phase modulation according to claim 1, characterized in that said pre-cooling means (5) uses a single-stage pulse tube refrigerator, a single-stage stirling refrigerator, a single-stage GM refrigerator or a liquid nitrogen dewar.
CN202211112896.3A 2022-09-14 2022-09-14 Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation Pending CN115420031A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211112896.3A CN115420031A (en) 2022-09-14 2022-09-14 Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202211112896.3A CN115420031A (en) 2022-09-14 2022-09-14 Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN115420031A true CN115420031A (en) 2022-12-02

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202211112896.3A Pending CN115420031A (en) 2022-09-14 2022-09-14 Pulse tube refrigerator with low-temperature auxiliary phase modulation

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN115420031A (en)

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