CN103175328B - High frequency pulse tube cooler - Google Patents
High frequency pulse tube cooler Download PDFInfo
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- CN103175328B CN103175328B CN201110439237.6A CN201110439237A CN103175328B CN 103175328 B CN103175328 B CN 103175328B CN 201110439237 A CN201110439237 A CN 201110439237A CN 103175328 B CN103175328 B CN 103175328B
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Abstract
The invention provides a kind of high frequency pulse tube cooler, mainly comprise the Linearkompressor (1), tube connector (2), regenerator hot end heat exchanger (3), regenerator (4), cool end heat exchanger (5), pulse tube (6), hot end heat exchanger (7), inertia tube (8) and the tubulose air reservoir (11) that connect successively, this tubulose air reservoir adopts diameter to be that the pipe of 8 to 20 millimeters is as air reservoir, one end is connected with inertia tube, and the other end is closed.Compared with common air reservoir, quality and the volume of tubulose air reservoir all greatly reduce.Tubulose air reservoir plays the effect of common air reservoir on the one hand, and the effect of inertia of gas in pipe can also be utilized on the other hand to regulate the phase place in inertia tube and improve refrigeration machine performance further.Meanwhile, the application of tubulose air reservoir makes the compact conformation of high frequency pulse tube cooler, is conducive to practical and spatially application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to small-sized Cryo Refrigerator field, particularly relate to high frequency pulse tube cooler.
Background technology
Along with the development of space technology, the research that is small-sized, micro low temperature refrigerator for cooled infrared detector and high-temperature superconductive device causes the great interest of scholars.High frequency pulse tube cooler as the one of small-sized Cryo Refrigerator, due to its there is cold junction movement-less part, the advantage such as structure is simple, reliability is high and electromagnetism interference is good, be expected to replace the application of conventional chiller in information, superconduction and space field.
The development experience of pulse tube refrigerating machine basic model, pinhole type, bidirection air intake type, multi-channel shunt type and inertia cast.Basic model pulse tube refrigerating machine is the initial form of high frequency pulse tube cooler.It utilizes the pipe of a hollow, when there is the pressure wave of alternation in it, blind end generates heat, the phenomenon of very large thermograde is axially formed along pipe, loading onto regenerator, after arranging laminarization element, pipe blind end (hot junction) is cooled to room temperature, just can obtains refrigeration effect at the tube outlet end (cold junction) leading to compressor.Because basic model pulse tube refrigerating machine is not similar to the phase modulating mechanism of stirling-type refrigeration machine displacer, make the mechanical periodicity of gas parameter in pulse tube can not obtain suitable phase place, this defect hinders the development of pulse tube refrigerating machine.
The invention of the phase modulating mechanisms such as aperture, bidirection air intake system, inertia tube, makes pulse tube refrigerating machine be provided with corresponding phase modulating mechanism.The application of these phase modulating mechanisms improves the phase relation of pulse tube refrigerating machine inside, improves the performance of pulse tube cooler.But, in these mechanisms, all require that system exists a volume and is about pulse tube volume 5-10 common air reservoir doubly.This kind of air reservoir is generally made into the short and thick shape such as cylindrical or annular, its diameter is generally several centimetres even tens centimetres, the air reservoir of this shape has certain requirement to material structural strength and thickness, thus there is huge volume and weight, considerably increase physical dimension and the weight of whole system, constrain the application of pulse tube refrigerating machine to a certain extent.And the existence of common air reservoir, under some low temperature environment, seriously hampers the layout of Cryo Refrigerator.
In inertia cast pulse tube refrigerating machine field, Chinese patent CN2811865Y proposes without air reservoir type pulse tube refrigerating machine, and this eliminates air reservoir without air reservoir type pulse tube refrigerating machine, directly uses inertia tube phase modulation.Found by practice, reach and the refrigeration performance having the pulse tube refrigerating machine of air reservoir type to be equal to without air reservoir type pulse tube refrigeration is confidential, need to provide very long inertia tube.But long layout and the range of application that can affect pulse tube refrigerating machine equally of inertia tube.
For inertia cast high frequency pulse tube cooler, air reservoir and inertia tube, generally as two relatively independent parts, play different effects in systems in which separately.Inertia tube, as phase modulation function parts, utilizes the inertia of internal gas can phase difference in regulating impulse pipe between the mass flow of gas and pressure wave, for the refrigeration working medium in pulse tube provides correct phase place.The diameter of inertia tube more can provide larger phase difference more greatly, and to improving, refrigeration machine performance is more favourable, and diameter crosses the pressure wave amplitude in conference loss pulse tube, reduces refrigerating efficiency.In order to make inertia tube have enough phase modulation abilities, avoid a large amount of losses of pressure wave amplitude, be usually designed to the elongated tubular with certain diameter, internal diameter is generally less than 4 millimeters simultaneously.
Air reservoir as the important component part of phase modulating mechanism, usually used as gas storage cryopreservation device.The portion gas wherein stored in pulse tube refrigeration process because the promotion of Linearkompressor is travelled to and fro between air reservoir and pulse tube, to increase the flow of refrigeration working medium gas in pulse tube.In addition, the phase modulation principle known to those skilled in the art, the boundary condition that air reservoir also must provide pressure oscillation to be almost equal to zero for pulse tube refrigerating machine.In other words, air reservoir keeps internal pressure all the time close to system-wide average pressure, the impact of pressurized Reeb hardly.The volume of air reservoir is larger, and the boundary condition provided is more close to zero, and therefore desirable air reservoir volume is infinitely-great.But in fact air reservoir can not be infinitely great, be generally the 5-10 of pulse tube volume doubly.The diameter of cylindrical air reservoir can reach several centimetres even tens centimetres, wherein still can there is faint pressure oscillation.In order to obtain higher levels of performance, it is conventionally believed that the volume of common air reservoir is the bigger the better.
But volume is too huge, the layout of air reservoir just becomes difficulty.Common air reservoir has occupied a large portion of refrigeration machine machine volume and quality, and huger air reservoir can limit the application of the type refrigeration machine, becomes the restraining factors of refrigeration machine miniaturization.
So follow inertia tube and air reservoir is well-separated, Each performs its own functions thinking, people can be absorbed in the performance more improving refrigeration machine more makes refrigeration machine be difficult to the vicious circle of arranging.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide so a kind of high frequency pulse tube cooler, and quality and the volume of its air reservoir greatly reduce, and are conducive to the layout of air reservoir and even whole refrigeration machine, does not reduce the refrigeration performance of refrigeration machine simultaneously.
Basic conception of the present invention is: break constructive accounting in the past, make air reservoir not only possess inventory of gas and provide pressure oscillation close to zero the function of boundary condition, utilize air reservoir interior relative to pressure oscillation more a small amount of in pulse tube on the contrary, allow air reservoir also play a part of phase modulation effect.Method is the phase modulation principle with reference to inertia tube, provides tubulose air reservoir in pulse tube cooler system, namely using air reservoir make tubulose or directly with the larger pipe of diameter as air reservoir.So, tubulose air reservoir remains the effect of air reservoir inventory of gas, and meanwhile, the air reservoir of tubulose makes the pressure oscillation in air reservoir be decreased to gradually along the longitudinal direction of pipe to be almost equal to zero, so when cumulative volume reduces, still suitable boundary condition can be provided for whole refrigeration system.In addition, utilize the inertia of gas in tubulose air reservoir, under remaining pressure wave promotes, regulate the phase place of gas in pulse tube cooler system, improve the refrigeration performance of high frequency pulse tube cooler system further.Tubulose air reservoir now can regard the part of " inertia tube " and the zoarium of whole " air reservoir " in theory as.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention is to provide a kind of high frequency pulse tube cooler system, mainly comprise the Linearkompressor, tube connector, regenerator hot end heat exchanger, regenerator, cool end heat exchanger, pulse tube, hot end heat exchanger, inertia tube and the air reservoir that connect successively, wherein, the air reservoir of this high frequency pulse tube cooler is the tubulose air reservoir be made out of tubes, this tubulose air reservoir one end and this inertia tube link together, and the other end is closed.
After adopting tubulose air reservoir, in air reservoir, the flowing of gas can be concentrated and be occurred in one end place of air reservoir near inertia tube.In the process entering inertia tube, due to the unexpected change in circulation passage cross section, the tube wall that air-flow can suddenly change in the junction of tubulose air reservoir and inertia tube and sectional area rubs, thus causes certain gas flow loss, reduces refrigerating efficiency.For addressing this problem, high frequency pulse tube cooler system according to the present invention can also comprise variable cross-section connector, and its one end is identical with inertia tube sectional area, and the other end is identical with the sectional area of tubulose air reservoir, tubulose air reservoir one end is connected with inertia tube by variable cross-section connector, and the other end is closed.Variable cross-section connector makes gas return in the process of inertia tube from air reservoir, and the sudden change of circulation passage sectional area changes gradual change into, can reduce the friction of gas and tubulose air reservoir and inertia tube junction like this, thus reduces gas flow loss.
Adopt the high frequency pulse tube cooler system with tubulose air reservoir of the present invention, its quality and volume greatly reduce.Tubulose air reservoir stores a part of gas on the one hand, and himself design feature also can make to be decreased to gradually close to zero along the Longitudinal Pressure Wave of pipe, plays the effect the same with common air reservoir; On the other hand, due to gas Oscillating flow in tubulose air reservoir, refrigeration machine can carry out phase modulation by the inertia of gas in tubulose air reservoir, thus makes air reservoir serve certain phase modulation effect.The basic change of tubulose air reservoir effect, it is made no longer to need increase volume to reduce the pressure wave be delivered to via inertia tube in tubulose air reservoir, even if therefore air reservoir small volume, when the such as diameter of air reservoir pipe only has 8 millimeters, also can not affect the refrigeration performance of refrigerator system, this size and existing cylindrical common air reservoir are generally greater than compared with 20 millimeters of diameters being less than 200 millimeters and greatly reduce.In addition, the phase modulating mechanism adding common air reservoir with inertia tube is compared with pure inertia tube phase modulating mechanism, and the phase modulating mechanism with tubulose air reservoir can provide more effective phase modulation, more can phase difference in regulating impulse pipe, reduce the lowest refrigerating temperature of refrigeration machine, improve refrigerating capacity.Not only the tubulose air reservoir that thus volume is less does not reduce the performance of refrigeration machine, and the performance of refrigeration machine can also be made to get a promotion.Further, because air reservoir has certain phase modulation function, under the condition not reducing refrigeration machine performance, this kind of structure also helps the length reducing inertia tube.
In addition, the architectural feature of tubulose air reservoir is more convenient for arranging, such as, can be wound around on the compressor, make system architecture compact further, advantageously in the layout of high frequency pulse tube cooler.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Below, describe the present invention in detail by embodiment by reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:
Fig. 1 shows the structural representation with the high frequency pulse tube cooler of common air reservoir of the prior art;
Fig. 2 shows the structural representation of an embodiment according to high frequency pulse tube cooler of the present invention;
Fig. 3 shows the structural representation of another embodiment according to high frequency pulse tube cooler of the present invention;
Fig. 4 be use equal length but diameter different tubulose air reservoir time, the phase angle in high-frequency impulse control cooling system hot junction of the present invention is with the chart of change of frequency;
Fig. 5 is when the pipe total length of tubulose air reservoir is constant, the relation chart of tubulose air reservoir internal diameter and phase difference;
The relation chart that Fig. 6 is the bore of tubulose air reservoir when being 8 millimeters between its length and pressure wave amplitude.
Reference numeral list
1-Linearkompressor; 2-tube connector; 3-regenerator hot end heat exchanger; 4-regenerator 5-cool end heat exchanger; 6-pulse tube; 7-hot end heat exchanger; 8-inertia tube; The common air reservoir of 9-; 10-variable cross-section connector; 11-tubulose air reservoir.
Detailed description of the invention
Hereinafter with reference to accompanying drawing, embodiments of the invention are described in detail.
Fig. 1 shows in prior art the pulse tube cooler system adopting common air reservoir.In this pulse tube cooler, the working medium of the Oscillating flow produced by Linearkompressor pulsed pressure wave enters in regenerator hot end heat exchanger 3 by tube connector 2, enter in regenerator 4 with after the heat exchange of regenerator hot end heat exchanger, enter in pulse tube 6 after absorbing the cold in regenerator, and Repeated Compression expansion produces the temperature difference between pulse tube cold junction and hot junction in pulse tube 6.Hot end heat exchanger 7 and extraneous heat exchange, be cooled in hot junction close to room temperature, now the cold junction of pulse tube has the temperature lower than room temperature, and cool end heat exchanger 5 and object heat exchange to be cooled play refrigeration.The effect of inertia tube 8 and air reservoir 9 is for pulse tube refrigerating machine provides suitable phase place.
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment according to high frequency pulse tube cooler system of the present invention.This refrigerator system comprises the Linearkompressor 1, tube connector 2, regenerator hot end heat exchanger 3, regenerator 4, cool end heat exchanger 5, pulse tube 6, hot end heat exchanger 7, the inertia tube 8 that connect successively and adopts pipe as the tubulose air reservoir 11 of air reservoir, one end of tubulose air reservoir 11 is connected with inertia tube, and one end is closed.
Term " tubulose air reservoir " in the present invention refers to makes the large pipe of tubulose or direct diameter as air reservoir using air reservoir, or selects the pipe of larger diameter according to the diameter of pulse tube.The internal diameter of tubulose air reservoir is generally 8 ~ 20 millimeters.The length of tubulose air reservoir changes according to the difference of pulse frequency, Working medium gas, operating temperature, and such as, be 60Hz in frequency, helium is as under the room temperature condition of working medium, and the length of tubulose air reservoir can be 6 meters.Tubulose air reservoir can adopt metal tube, such as copper pipe or stainless steel tube, also can adopt non-metallic pipe, such as nylon tube.
Preferably, the pipe of tubulose air reservoir can be helix tube.Helix tube takes up room less, air reservoir is arranged more compact.
According to a preferred embodiment of high-frequency impulse refrigeration machine of the present invention, refrigerator system comprises variable cross-section connector 10 in addition, its one end connecting tubular air reservoir, and the other end connects inertia tube.The inside of this variable cross-section connector 10 is a gradual change cross section, and the sectional area of its one end is identical with inertia tube sectional area, and the sectional area of the other end is identical with the sectional area of tubulose air reservoir.The outer surface of this variable cross-section connector 10 is a continuous print taper surface.Interchangeable, the outer surface of this variable cross-section connector 10 also can be continuous print curved surface, such as arc.One end of tubulose air reservoir 11 is connected with inertia tube by variable cross-section connector 10, and the other end is closed.Because inertia tube internal diameter is generally less than 4 millimeters, be less than the internal diameter of air reservoir pipe, if be directly connected with tubulose air reservoir 11 by inertia tube 8, certain gas flow loss can be produced, impact is to a certain extent caused on refrigeration machine performance.And in the present embodiment, tubulose air reservoir 11 can avoid gas flow loss by variable cross-section connector 10 and the connection of inertia tube, improve refrigeration performance further.
Fig. 3 shows another embodiment of medium-high frequency pulse tube refrigerating machine of the present invention.With the high frequency pulse tube cooler shown in Fig. 2 unlike, this pulse tube refrigerating machine is arranged to coaxial configuration, tubulose air reservoir be wound around on the compressor.Alternatively, tubulose air reservoir can be wound around on the compressor together with inertia tube.In addition, because Linearkompressor is generally opposed structure, (as Fig. 3) that inertia tube and tubulose air reservoir both can be wrapped in opposed structure also can be wrapped in the both sides (not shown) of opposed structure with the balance of confining force.According to this layout of the present embodiment to tubulose air reservoir, saving space to a greater extent, making the layout of whole high-frequency impulse refrigeration machine compacter.
As can be seen from Figure 4, adopt the identical pipe of length as air reservoir, its phase angle with frequency excursion along with the internal diameter of tubulose air reservoir different and change.The pipe that diameter is large can provide larger phase difference, and namely at inertia tube porch (near hot end heat exchanger 7), the angle of the leading mass flow of pressure wave is larger.Those of ordinary skill in the art knows, the phase angle lead mass flow phase angle of inertia tube pressure at inlet ripple is larger, and refrigeration machine performance improvement is more obvious.Therefore the excursion at control phase angle can be carried out as required by the diameter controlling tubulose air reservoir.
Due to gas Oscillating flow in tubulose air reservoir, tubulose air reservoir of the present invention can also utilize the effect of inertia of gas to carry out phase modulation, increases the phase difference between pressure wave and mass flow further, thus makes air reservoir serve certain phase modulation effect.Therefore tubulose air reservoir provided by the invention serves the effect of air reservoir on the one hand, serves the effect of inertia tube phase modulation on the other hand, contributes to the performance improving refrigeration machine.In addition, because tubulose air reservoir has enough length, the pressure oscillation of inertia tube transmission reduces gradually along the longitudinal direction of air reservoir pipe, finally can obtain pressure wave and be decreased to the boundary condition of being almost equal to zero.This method of air reservoir being carried out to utilize near the pressure wave of arrival end, makes to be no longer necessary for and reduces air reservoir pressure fluctuating in inner to the full extent and increase air reservoir volume, and thus the volume of tubulose air reservoir can reduce by relatively common air reservoir greatly.Adopt the air reservoir of this kind of small volume also can not lose the refrigeration performance of refrigerator system, reach object of the present invention thus.
In another embodiment of the present invention, tubulose air reservoir can be formed by the pipe of variable diameters, and the variable diameters pipe such as adopting diameter to increase successively is as air reservoir.Such as, wherein the diameter range of first paragraph pipe is 5 ~ 10 millimeters, and the diameter range of the pipe of second segment is 10 ~ 12 millimeters.The tubulose air reservoir length of the pipe formation of variable diameters is smaller than the tubulose air reservoir length of isodiametric pipe formation.Such as, be 60Hz in frequency, helium is as under the room temperature condition of working medium, and tubulose air reservoir is formed by the pipe of variable diameters, and its total length is less than 6 meters.
As shown in Figure 5, the total length of pipe is constant, and perseverance is 8 meters, and pressure wave amplitude is 0.8bar.Again under condition, when tubulose air reservoir is made up of the isodiametric pipe of 10 millimeters of internal diameters, the minimum phase difference of pressure wave and mass flow is-69 °; When tubulose air reservoir is made up of the pipe of the variable diameters with internal diameter 8 millimeters and internal diameter 10 millimeters, now the minimum phase difference of pressure wave and mass flow is-72 °.The data analyzed in this figure can be reached a conclusion: the tubulose air reservoir of variable diameters increases the phase difference of chiller heat side pressure Reeb and mass flow.
As shown in Figure 6, keep the phase difference of pressure wave and mass flow be-40 ° constant, pulse frequency is 40Hz, and in the tubulose air reservoir of variable diameters, the length being the pipe of 8 millimeters along with internal diameter constantly increases, the pressure wave amplitude first increases and then decreases in tubulose air reservoir.
Therefore, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, the tubulose air reservoir of variable diameters can regulate the pressure wave amplitude in air reservoir, can also increase phase difference, makes pressure wave amplitude and phase difference be adjusted to optimum simultaneously, improves the performance of refrigeration machine.
Be understandable that, pulse tube refrigerating machine here can be not only linear pattern, also can be coaxial type, U-shaped etc. any one arrange, and be not limited only to this.And pulse tube refrigerating machine can be single-stage, also can be multistage, also can be any one refrigeration machine type with air reservoir.
According to high frequency pulse tube cooler system of the present invention, the combination of one or more refrigeration working mediums well known in the art can be adopted, preferably adopt nontoxic pollution-free and non-flammable gas, as helium 3, helium 4, hydrogen, nitrogen or its mist.
Although there have been described herein the specific embodiment of the present invention, should be realized that, this detailed description of the invention is only that the description of this invention illustrates, does not limit content of the present invention.Those skilled in the art under the prerequisite not departing from spirit of the present invention and purport to any change of above detailed description of the invention or change all in the protection domain that claim of the present invention is advocated.
Claims (10)
1. a high frequency pulse tube cooler, mainly comprise the Linearkompressor (1), tube connector (2), regenerator hot end heat exchanger (3), regenerator (4), cool end heat exchanger (5), pulse tube (6), hot end heat exchanger (7) and the inertia tube (8) that connect successively, it is characterized in that, this high frequency pulse tube cooler system also comprises tubulose air reservoir (11), described tubulose air reservoir (11) adopts diameter to be that the pipe of 8 to 20 millimeters is as air reservoir, one end of described tubulose air reservoir is connected with inertia tube, and the other end is closed.
2. high frequency pulse tube cooler according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described high frequency pulse tube cooler system also comprises the variable cross-section connector (10) for connecting described tubulose air reservoir and inertia tube, and its cross section towards described inertia tube side is less than the cross section towards described tubulose air reservoir side.
3. high frequency pulse tube cooler according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described tubulose air reservoir is wrapped on described compressor, or tubulose air reservoir is wrapped on described compressor together with inertia tube.
4. high frequency pulse tube cooler according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described tubulose air reservoir is made up of the pipe of variable diameters.
5. high frequency pulse tube cooler according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the internal diameter of described tubulose air reservoir first paragraph is 8 millimeters, and the internal diameter of second segment is 10 millimeters.
6. high frequency pulse tube cooler according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described tubulose air reservoir is made up of steel pipe, stainless steel tube or nylon tube.
7. high frequency pulse tube cooler according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described high frequency pulse tube cooler is linear pattern single-stage high frequency pulse tube cooler.
8. high frequency pulse tube cooler according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described high frequency pulse tube cooler is coaxial type or U-shaped.
9. high frequency pulse tube cooler according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described high frequency pulse tube cooler is multi-stage high-frequency pulse tube refrigerating machine.
10. high frequency pulse tube cooler according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the refrigeration working medium adopted is mist two or more in helium 3, helium 4, hydrogen, nitrogen or this four kinds of gases.
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| CN201110439237.6A CN103175328B (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2011-12-23 | High frequency pulse tube cooler |
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| CN201110439237.6A CN103175328B (en) | 2011-12-23 | 2011-12-23 | High frequency pulse tube cooler |
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| CN103175328B true CN103175328B (en) | 2015-11-04 |
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| CN103196255B (en) * | 2013-03-26 | 2015-05-13 | 中国科学院上海技术物理研究所 | Streamline air inlet structure for coaxial pulse tube refrigerator and method for manufacturing streamline air inlet structure |
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| CN105546866B (en) * | 2014-04-08 | 2018-01-02 | 浙江大学 | A kind of vascular refrigerator by the use of bellows as adjustable air reservoir |
| CN105066500B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2017-10-31 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | A kind of thermal drivers pulse tube cooler system |
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| CN109059359B (en) * | 2018-08-08 | 2024-04-05 | 珠海凌达压缩机有限公司 | Compressor and compressor refrigerating system |
| CN111879027A (en) * | 2020-07-28 | 2020-11-03 | 上海理工大学 | Flexible pulse tube refrigerator |
| CN114739040B (en) * | 2022-03-11 | 2023-12-01 | 上海铂钺制冷科技有限公司 | Pulse tube refrigerator for realizing active phase modulation by adopting single compressor |
| CN114877555B (en) * | 2022-05-07 | 2022-11-18 | 中国科学院理化技术研究所 | Overflow helium refrigerator with impeller mechanical inlet temperature-exchanging pipeline |
| CN116772445B (en) * | 2023-08-18 | 2023-11-03 | 苏州华冷科技有限公司 | Ejector structure for free piston Stirling refrigerator |
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