CN115419084B - Environment-friendly slope supporting structure convenient for drainage and supporting method - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a green side slope supporting structure convenient for drainage and a supporting method, wherein the supporting structure comprises a side slope, a side ditch, a side slope green supporting structure and a side slope drainage system, and the side slope green supporting structure comprises an anchor net, an anchor unit, an organic substrate layer and a vegetation layer; the anchoring unit comprises a concrete cushion pier and a drainage anchor rod assembly, the drainage anchor rod assembly comprises a hollow drainage anchor rod with a water permeable hole and an expansion anchor head, the front end of the drainage anchor rod is anchored in a slope body in an inclined upward manner through the expansion anchor head at a certain anchoring angle, and the rod body of the drainage anchor rod is anchored on the concrete cushion pier; the side slope drainage system comprises a transverse water guide pipe and an inclined water outlet pipe, and water in the drainage anchor rod is converged into the inclined water outlet pipe through the transverse water guide pipe and then is discharged through the side ditch. The invention is green, energy-saving, greatly improves the anchoring force of the drainage anchor rod, enhances the safety of the side slope, reduces the construction cost, is efficient and convenient, shortens the construction period and has strong integrity.

Description

Environment-friendly slope supporting structure convenient for drainage and supporting method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of slope support engineering, in particular to a green slope support structure and a support method which are convenient for drainage, and is mainly suitable for slope, landslide and foundation pit engineering.

Background

Slope destabilization slump is one of the most common geological disasters in nature, and the slope is under the action of various natural stresses, such as sunlight irradiation, rainfall flushing, infiltration, weathering, earthquake and the like. However, rainwater is one of the most important causes of landslide generation. The coal soft rock has extremely poor weather resistance, poor water stability, easy softening and disintegration when meeting water, easy occurrence of shallow instability, serious water and soil loss and other problems under the induction of rainwater, so that the contradiction between the slope stability and the anchoring drainage technology becomes very prominent.

At present, drainage and anchoring integrated anchor rods mainly have two types: one type is a gravity drainage anchor, such as the application number 201020521134.5, entitled: the drainage anchor rod is inclined upwards to enter a drilled hole, the geotechnical bag is sleeved outside the hollow anchor pipe, the anchor pier provides external anchoring, the anchor head provides internal anchoring, drainage and anchoring functions are achieved, however, the anchor rod is inclined upwards, the anchoring force provided by the anchor rod is small, and the arrangement of the geotechnical bag weakens the friction effect between the anchor rod and a rock-soil body to a certain extent, so that the anchoring force of the anchor rod is reduced; the second type is a siphon drainage anchor, such as the application number: 201510157530.1, the name is: a side slope self-drainage anchor rod and a construction method thereof, wherein a semicircular hole is formed in a hollow anchor pipe with a closed bottom of the water anchor rod, a siphon water suction pipe is inserted into the anchor pipe and is put into a slope in a downward inclined manner, and water in the anchor pipe is automatically drained by utilizing a siphon principle; but only can discharge the water in the surrounding rock-soil body above the anchor pipe, the water below can not be discharged, and the balance water outlet device connected with the water suction pipe also occupies space, so that the follow-up construction is influenced. The technology combining soil anchoring and drainage is characterized in that water flows into a drainage channel from the soil, when the soil is easy to soften when meeting water, and coal-based soil with strong disintegration can greatly reduce drainage effect, the drainage time is prolonged, the risk of side slope instability is greatly increased, and drainage holes are blocked after long-term use.

Therefore, aiming at the technical problems of the practical engineering such as easy softening and disintegration, shallow instability of the side slope, blockage of drain holes and the like of the soft rock side slope of the coal series, development of a novel green side slope supporting structure which has a drainage function, prevents the shallow instability and can be used for a long time is very necessary, the supporting structure can not only rapidly remove the rainwater permeated in the soil body of the side slope through a side slope drainage system, but also play the roles of anchoring the side slope and preventing a part of rainwater from permeating into the side slope together with the green supporting structure of the side slope, thereby comprehensively treating the soft rock side slope of the coal series under the rainfall condition.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem solved by the invention is to provide a green slope supporting structure and a supporting method which are convenient for drainage, integrate drainage and anchoring, and aim to reliably and effectively treat the drainage and the anchoring of the slope.

The technical problems solved by the invention are realized by adopting the following technical scheme:

a green side slope supporting structure convenient for drainage comprises a side slope, a side ditch, a side slope green supporting structure and a side slope drainage system;

the side slope green supporting structure comprises an anchor net, anchor units, an organic substrate layer and a vegetation layer, wherein the anchor net is laid on the side slope, the anchor net is fixed on the side slope through the anchor units which are arranged along the side slope in a staggered manner, and the organic substrate layer and the vegetation layer are sequentially arranged on the anchor net;

the anchoring unit comprises a concrete cushion pier and a drainage anchor rod assembly, wherein the drainage anchor rod assembly comprises a hollow drainage anchor rod with a water permeable hole on the body and an expansion anchor head, and a detachable structure is arranged between the drainage anchor rod and the expansion anchor head; the direction of the drainage anchor rod entering the slope body is taken as the front end, the front end of the drainage anchor rod is anchored in the slope body by a certain anchoring angle in an inclined upward direction through an expansion anchor head, and the rod body of the drainage anchor rod is anchored on a concrete cushion pier;

the side slope drainage system comprises a transverse water guide pipe and an inclined water outlet pipe, and water in the drainage anchor rod is converged into the inclined water outlet pipe through the transverse water guide pipe and then is discharged through the side ditch.

Further, the drainage anchor rod assembly further comprises a permeable geotechnical cloth sleeve, a fixing ring and a fixing ring, the permeable geotechnical cloth sleeve is arranged outside the drainage anchor rod, and the permeable geotechnical cloth sleeve is fixed on the outer wall of the rear end of the expansion anchor head through the fixing ring and the fixing ring.

Further, the expansion anchor head comprises an expansion pipe and a tapping head, the tapping head is arranged in the expansion pipe, the tapping head and the inner wall of the expansion pipe adopt a back-off tooth retaining structure, and the expansion pipe moves forwards along with the tapping head to deform and expand.

Further, the front end of the drainage anchor rod is provided with a first external thread, and the rear end of the expansion pipe is provided with an internal thread matched with the first external thread.

Further, the body section of the drainage anchor rod is provided with second external threads, the second external threads are provided with nuts, and the body of the drainage anchor rod is anchored on the concrete cushion pier through the nuts and the steel backing plates.

Further, the length of the drainage anchor rod is 1000-3000 cm, the anchoring angle is 6-10 degrees, the diameter is 80-110 mm, the horizontal distance is 200cm, and the vertical distance is 200cm.

Further, the diameter of the water permeable holes is 5-10 mm, and the distance is 15-30 mm.

Further, the anchor net is a glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor net, the net wire diameter of the anchor net is not less than 3mm, and the net diameter is 5cm.

Further, a water intercepting ditch is arranged on the slope body.

The invention also discloses a green slope supporting method which is convenient for drainage, comprising the following steps:

(1) Survey and analysis of slope geology and hydrologic conditions, geological exploration and design, analysis of potential sliding surface positions of the slope, and determination of drilling positions, depth and diameter so as to ensure that the expansion anchor head 12 enters a weak weathering layer of soft rock to be not less than 50cm;

(2) Cleaning and leveling to design slope, and cleaning slope pumice, floating soil and the like, so that the organic substrate layer and the rock surface are favorably tightly combined; digging a water intercepting ditch and a drainage side ditch of a side slope;

(3) Manufacturing and assembling a drainage anchor rod assembly: determining the length and the diameter of a drainage anchor rod according to the depth and the diameter of a drilling hole, and expanding the length of an anchor head; turning a second external thread on the rod body of the drainage anchor rod for external anchoring of a subsequent screw cap, turning a first external thread at the front end for axial connection with an internal thread of an expansion anchor head, and forming a water permeable hole with the aperture of 5-10 mm on the rod body of the drainage anchor rod; the water drainage anchor rod is sleeved with a water permeable geotextile sleeve and is fixed on the outer wall of the rear end of the expansion anchor head through a fixing ring and a fixing ring;

(4) Determining anchor rod hole sites on the slope surface which is manually trimmed and inspected to be qualified according to design rules, drilling holes, wherein the drilling depth is not less than 50cm and the drilling angle is 6-10 degrees upward, and completely blowing rock powder in the holes after drilling;

(5) Digging concrete pad pier holes at anchor rod hole sites, wherein the sizes of the concrete pad pier holes are 50-50 cm;

(6) Laying an anchor net along the slope in a homeotropic manner, tensioning the net during laying, and laying the net in a smooth manner;

(7) Installing a drainage anchor rod assembly: the drainage anchor rod assembly is inserted into a mounting hole drilled on a side slope, a solid steel ejector rod is inserted into the drainage anchor rod until the drainage anchor rod assembly is jacked to the tapping head of the expansion anchor head, then a hammer is used for applying force to the temporary solid steel ejector rod, so that the tapping head of the expansion anchor head moves forwards, the expansion pipe begins to deform and expand along with the forward movement of the tapping head until the solid steel ejector rod cannot move forwards any more, and then the application of force is stopped; repeating the step, and constructing all drainage anchor rod assemblies;

(8) Pouring concrete at the concrete pad pier hole;

(9) When the strength of the concrete cushion pier reaches the design strength, a screw cap and a steel backing plate are used for anchoring the rod body of the drainage anchor rod on the concrete cushion pier;

(10) Connecting an outlet of the drainage anchor rod with an inlet of a transverse water guide pipe by a connector, connecting an outlet of the transverse water guide pipe with a pipe body of an inclined water outlet pipe, converging the outlets of the transverse water guide pipes to the pipe body of the inclined water outlet pipe, and installing the inclined water outlet pipe above a drainage side ditch;

(11) Spraying the uniformly mixed organic substrate layer on the slope by using a spraying machine, wherein the spraying is performed as far as possible from the front, the concave-convex part and the dead angle part are required to be sprayed fully, the spraying thickness is designed to be not less than 10 cm, and the organic substrate layer with the thickness of 3-5 cm is required to be ensured on the anchor net;

(12) The shrub seeds are sowed on the plant growth bags, and the nutritional mud containing the grass seeds is uniformly sprayed on the organic substrate layer by a spraying machine.

The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:

1. the front end of the drainage anchor rod is anchored in the slope body by a certain anchoring angle obliquely upwards through the expansion anchor head, and the rod body of the drainage anchor rod is anchored on the concrete cushion pier; double anchoring is realized by the outer anchoring structure of the expansion anchor head and the inner anchoring structure of the drainage anchor rod, so that the anchoring force of the drainage anchor rod is greatly improved, and the safety of a side slope is enhanced;

2. the drainage anchor rod is arranged obliquely upwards, so that water can be collected, rainwater penetrating downwards in the slope body can be rapidly removed, the softening and disintegrating effects of the rainwater on rocks in the slope body are reduced, the stability of the slope is improved, and the landslide phenomenon is avoided;

3. the whole water collecting and draining process can solve the problems of collecting and draining without energy consumption and consumable materials, and has the advantages of high reliability, simple maintenance, no operation cost and convenient operation management;

4. the drainage anchor rod adopts a self-tapping expansion anchor head, and the position of the self-tapping expansion anchor head enters a weak weathering layer of soft rock to be not less than 50cm, so that the anchoring force of the drainage anchor rod is greatly improved, and the safety of a slope anchor net structure is enhanced;

5. by arranging an organic substrate layer and a vegetation layer; the organic substrate layer can provide an environment for vegetation growth, and tree planting and grass planting can not only beautify the environment, but also prevent water and soil loss, anchor the shallow layer of a side slope, and further promote the realization of a double-carbon target;

6. the expansion anchor head is detachably connected with the drainage anchor rod, and when the service life of the drainage anchor rod reaches a certain degree, the drainage anchor rod can be replaced, and the maintenance is convenient;

7. the drainage anchor rod is made of glass fiber reinforced plastic, and has the advantages of light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, long service life, no environmental pollution, green low carbon and the like;

8. the drainage and the anchoring in the side slope body are effectively combined, so that the construction procedures are reduced, the construction cost is reduced, the efficiency is high, the convenience is high, the construction period is shortened, and the integrity is high.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an expanded schematic view of a jet anchor facade of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1, i.e., a schematic view of the structure of the outer anchor;

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of the structure of the anchor web dimensions of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the construction of the drainage bolt of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 5, showing a schematic view of the structure of the expansion anchor head;

FIG. 7 is an enlarged schematic view of the cross-section of FIG. 5 taken along line A-A;

FIG. 8 is an enlarged schematic view of the section along B-B of FIG. 5;

in the figure: side ditch 1, horizontal aqueduct 2, slant outlet pipe 3, shrub 4, nut 5, steel backing plate 6, green grass 7, organic substrate layer 8, anchor net 9, cut ditch 10, concrete pad 11, inflation anchor head 12, drainage stock 13, permeate water hole 14, permeate water geotechnique cloth cover 15, solid fixed ring 16, solid fixed ring 17, expand tube 18, attack head 19, internal thread 20, first external screw thread 21, second external screw thread 22.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following detailed drawings in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the implementation of the invention easy to understand.

Example 1: as shown in fig. 1, a green side slope supporting structure convenient for drainage comprises a side slope, a side ditch 1, a side slope green supporting structure and a side slope drainage system, wherein the side slope green supporting structure comprises an anchor net 9, an anchor unit, an organic substrate layer 8 and a vegetation layer, the vegetation layer comprises but is not limited to shrubs 4 and green grass 7, the anchor net 9 is laid on the side slope, the anchor net 9 can play a role in protecting the outer wall of the side slope to avoid potential safety hazards caused by falling of the soil of the side slope, the anchor net 9 is fixed on the side slope through the anchor units arranged in a staggered manner along the side slope, and the organic substrate layer 8 and the vegetation layer are sequentially arranged on the anchor net 9; the organic substrate layer 8 can provide an environment for vegetation growth and play a role in further enhancing slope protection and reducing water and soil loss, wherein the anchoring unit comprises a concrete cushion pier 11 and a drainage anchor rod assembly, the drainage anchor rod assembly comprises a hollow drainage anchor rod 13 with a water permeable hole 14 on the body and an expansion anchor head 12, the length of the expansion anchor head is preferably 60-100 cm, and a detachable structure is arranged between the drainage anchor rod 13 and the expansion anchor head 12; taking the direction of the drainage anchor rod 13 entering the slope body as the front end, wherein the front end of the drainage anchor rod 13 is anchored in the slope body at a certain anchoring angle obliquely upwards through an expansion anchor head 12, and the rod body of the drainage anchor rod 13 is anchored on the concrete cushion pier 11; the double anchoring is realized by adopting the outer anchoring structure of the expansion anchor head 12 and the inner anchoring structure of the drainage anchor rod 13, so that the anchoring force of the drainage anchor rod 13 is greatly improved, and the safety of the structure of the side slope anchor net 9 is enhanced; the slope drainage system comprises a transverse water guide pipe 2 and an inclined water outlet pipe 3, wherein the transverse water guide pipe 2 and the inclined water outlet pipe 3 are PVC pipes, water in a drainage anchor rod 13 is converged into the inclined water outlet pipe 3 through the transverse water guide pipe and then is discharged through a side ditch 1, rainwater which seeps downwards in a slope body can be rapidly discharged through the drainage anchor rod 13 and automatically flows into the side ditch 1.

As shown in fig. 5, the drainage anchor rod assembly further comprises a water permeable geotextile sleeve 15, a fixing ring 16 and a fixing ring 17, wherein the water permeable geotextile sleeve 15 is arranged outside the drainage anchor rod 13, and the water permeable geotextile sleeve 15 can play a role in filtering impurities such as sediment in rainwater, so that the water permeable holes 14 on the drainage anchor rod 13 are prevented from being blocked; rainwater in the side slope can enter the drainage anchor 13 through the water permeable geotextile sleeve 15. The preferred geotechnical cloth cover 15 that permeates water is fixed on the outer wall of inflation anchor head 12 rear end through solid fixed ring 16 and retainer plate 17, and the length of solid fixed ring is 4~8mm, and the diameter of retainer plate 3~6mm preferably.

As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 8, the expansion anchor head 12 comprises an expansion pipe 18 and a tapping head 19, the section of the tapping head 19 is in a truncated cone tooth shape structure, the inner wall of the front end of the expansion pipe 18 is provided with inner cone teeth matched with the tapping head 19, the tapping head 19 and the inner wall of the expansion pipe 18 adopt a back-off tooth retaining structure, the tapping head 19 cannot retreat, and the expansion pipe 18 deforms and expands along with the forward movement of the tapping head 19, so that anchoring is realized.

As shown in fig. 5, the front end of the drainage anchor rod 13 is provided with a first external thread 21, the rear end of the expansion pipe 18 is provided with an internal thread 20 matched with the first external thread 21, in this embodiment, both the internal thread 20 and the first external thread 21 are rectangular threads, and of course, other thread connection structures can be used.

As shown in fig. 3, the shaft section of the drainage anchor 13 is provided with a second external thread 22, the second external thread is provided with a screw cap 5, and the shaft of the drainage anchor 13 is anchored to the concrete pad 11 through the screw cap 5 and the steel pad 6, whereby the screw cap 5, the steel pad 6 and the concrete pad 11 form an integral external anchoring structure.

In the embodiment, the length of the drainage anchor rod 13 is 1000-3000 cm, the anchoring angle is 6-10 degrees, and the diameter is 80-110 mm; as shown in fig. 2, the drain bolts 13 have a horizontal pitch of 200cm and a vertical pitch of 200cm. The anchoring angle is obtained through multiple tests and experiments, the anchoring angle is too large, so that most of the drainage anchor rods 13 are above the free water surface and cannot exert the drainage depressurization function, meanwhile, the drilling anchor rods Kong Youhui cause excessive disturbance on the side slope and change phases to increase the permeability coefficient of the side slope, so that the overall stability of the side slope is lower than that of the side slope before drainage, in addition, the length of the drainage anchor rods 13 is increased, the engineering cost is greatly increased, the anchoring angle is too small, rainwater in the side slope cannot be rapidly discharged by the drainage anchor rods 13, the retention time of the rainwater in the side slope is too long, rock-soil body weathering is easy to cause, the stability of the side slope soil body is reduced.

In this embodiment, the diameter of the water permeable holes 14 is 5-10 mm, the distance is 15-30 mm, and further, the water permeable holes 14 are distributed in a quincuncial shape, and further, preferably, the water draining anchor 13 is provided with no water permeable holes 14 at the concrete pad 11 (the portion included in the concrete pad 11) and the portion close to the water outlet, and further, preferably, as shown in fig. 7, the included angle between the centers of the water permeable holes 14 at the two sides of the pipe body is 195 °. In this embodiment, the water permeable holes 14 on the drainage anchor rods 13 are calculated according to the annual maximum rainfall and the slope soil body rainwater permeability coefficient of the region where the coal-based soil slope is located, and the diameter, the spacing and the like of the drainage anchor rods 13 are combined, and are determined by comprehensive consideration: when the total drainage area of the water permeable holes 14 is insufficient (sum of the opening areas), the rainwater which is infiltrated into the permeable slope body cannot be quickly discharged in time in heavy rain, and the risk of softening the coal soft rock when meeting water is increased; when the total drainage area of the water permeable holes 14 is too large, the compression resistance of the drainage anchor rod 13 can be reduced during punching, the overall strength of the drainage anchor rod 13 is reduced, and the phenomena of damage such as buckling by the upper-layer soil covering and the like are easy to occur.

In this embodiment, the anchor net 9 is a glass fiber reinforced plastic anchor net 9, the net wire diameter of the anchor net 9 is not less than 3mm, and the net diameter is 5 x 5cm, as shown in fig. 4, which accords with the technical requirements of tensile strength and bursting strength of the anchor net 9 in the industry technical standard "side slope flexible protection net system" (JT/T1328-2020).

Preferably, in this embodiment, the drainage anchor rod 13, the expansion anchor head 12, the fixing ring 16, the fixing ring 17 and the permeable geotechnical cover 15 are all made of glass fiber reinforced plastics.

Example 2: as shown in fig. 1-8, the invention also discloses a green slope supporting method which is convenient for drainage, comprising the following steps:

(1) Survey and analysis of slope geology and hydrologic conditions, geological exploration and design, analysis of potential sliding surface positions of the slope, and determination of drilling positions, depth and diameter so as to ensure that the expansion anchor head 12 enters a weak weathering layer of soft rock to be not less than 50cm;

(2) Cleaning and leveling to design slope, and cleaning slope pumice, floating soil and the like, so that the organic substrate layer 8 and the rock surface are favorably tightly combined; digging a water intercepting ditch 10 and a drainage side ditch 1 of a side slope;

(3) Manufacturing and assembling a drainage anchor rod assembly: determining the length and diameter of the drainage anchor rod 13 according to the depth and diameter of the drilled hole, and expanding the length of the anchor head 12; turning a second external thread 22 on the rod body of the drainage anchor rod 13 for external anchoring of a subsequent screw cap 5, turning a first external thread 21 at the front end for axial connection with an internal thread 20 of the expansion anchor head 12, and forming a water permeable hole 14 with the aperture of 5-10 mm on the rod body of the drainage anchor rod 13; the drainage anchor rod 13 is sleeved with a permeable geotextile sleeve 15 and is fixed on the outer wall of the rear end of the expansion anchor head 12 through a fixing ring 16 and a fixing ring 17;

(4) Determining anchor rod hole sites on the slope surface which is manually trimmed and inspected to be qualified according to design rules, drilling holes, wherein the drilling depth is not less than 50cm and the drilling angle is 6-10 degrees upward, and completely blowing rock powder in the holes after drilling;

(5) Digging 11 holes of concrete cushion piers at anchor rod hole sites, wherein the sizes of the 11 holes are 50 x 50cm;

(6) Laying the anchor net 9 along the slope in a homeotropic manner, tensioning the net during laying, and leveling;

(7) Installing a drainage anchor rod assembly: inserting the drainage anchor rod assembly into a positioning hole drilled on a side slope, inserting a temporary solid steel ejector rod into the drainage anchor rod 13, (the diameter of the temporary solid steel ejector rod is smaller than that of the drainage anchor rod 13 so that the solid steel ejector rod can freely enter and exit the drainage anchor rod 13) until the drainage anchor rod assembly is propped against the tap head 19 of the expansion anchor head 12, then applying force to the temporary solid steel ejector rod by a hammer to enable the tap head 19 of the expansion anchor head 12 to move forwards, and expanding the expansion pipe 18 to deform and expand along with the forward movement of the tap head 19 until the solid steel ejector rod can not move forwards any more until the application of force is stopped, and the tap head 19 and the expansion anchor head 12 can not retract due to the adoption of a back-off tooth back-stopping structure, so that an anchoring effect is achieved; the step is repeated, all the drainage anchor rod assemblies are constructed,

(8) Pouring concrete at the 11 holes of the concrete cushion piers;

(9) When the strength of the concrete cushion pier 11 reaches the design strength, the screw cap 5 and the steel backing plate 6 are used for anchoring the rod body of the drainage anchor rod 13 on the concrete cushion pier 11;

(10) Connecting the outlet of the drainage anchor rod 13 with the inlet of the transverse water guide pipe 2 by a connector, connecting the outlet of the transverse water guide pipe 2 with the pipe body of the inclined water outlet pipe 3, converging the outlet of each transverse water guide pipe 2 with the pipe body of the inclined water outlet pipe 3, and installing the inclined water outlet pipe 3 above the drainage gutter 1;

(11) Spraying the uniformly mixed organic substrate layer 8 on the slope by using a spraying machine, wherein the spraying is performed as far as possible from the front, the concave-convex part and the dead angle part are required to be sprayed fully, the spraying thickness is designed to be not less than 10 cm, and the organic substrate layer 8 with the thickness of 3-5 cm is required to be ensured on the anchor net 9;

(12) 4 seeds of shrubs are sown on the plant growing bag and the nutritional puree containing the grass seeds is sprayed evenly on the organic substrate layer 8 with a spraying machine.

The foregoing examples have been presented only to illustrate embodiments of the invention and are described in more detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.

Claims (6)

1. The side slope supporting structure is characterized by comprising a side slope, side ditches, a side slope green supporting structure and a side slope drainage system;

the side slope green supporting structure comprises an anchor net, anchor units, an organic substrate layer and a vegetation layer, wherein the anchor net is laid on the side slope, the anchor net is fixed on the side slope through the anchor units which are arranged along the side slope in a staggered manner, and the organic substrate layer and the vegetation layer are sequentially arranged on the anchor net;

the anchoring unit comprises a concrete cushion pier and a drainage anchor rod assembly, wherein the drainage anchor rod assembly comprises a hollow drainage anchor rod with a water permeable hole on the body and an expansion anchor head, and a detachable structure is arranged between the drainage anchor rod and the expansion anchor head; the direction of the drainage anchor rod entering the slope body is taken as the front end, the front end of the drainage anchor rod is anchored in the slope body by a certain anchoring angle in an inclined upward direction through an expansion anchor head, and the rod body of the drainage anchor rod is anchored on a concrete cushion pier;

the side slope drainage system comprises a transverse water guide pipe and an inclined water outlet pipe, and water in the drainage anchor rod is converged into the inclined water outlet pipe through the transverse water guide pipe and then is discharged through the side ditch; the drainage anchor rod assembly further comprises a permeable geotextile sleeve, a fixing ring and a fixing ring, wherein the permeable geotextile sleeve is arranged outside the drainage anchor rod and is fixed on the outer wall of the rear end of the expansion anchor head through the fixing ring and the fixing ring;

the expansion anchor head comprises an expansion pipe and a tapping head, the tapping head is arranged in the expansion pipe, the tapping head and the inner wall of the expansion pipe adopt a back-off tooth retaining structure, and the expansion pipe moves forwards along with the tapping head to deform and expand;

the front end of the drainage anchor rod is provided with a first external thread, and the rear end of the expansion pipe is provided with an internal thread matched with the first external thread;

the body section of the drainage anchor rod is provided with a second external thread, the second external thread is provided with a nut, and the body of the drainage anchor rod is anchored on the concrete cushion pier through the nut and the steel cushion plate.

2. A slope support structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the drainage anchors are 1000 to 3000cm in length, 6 to 10 ° in anchoring angle, 80 to 110mm in diameter, 200cm in horizontal pitch and 200cm in vertical pitch.

3. A slope support structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the diameter of the water permeable holes is 5-10 mm and the spacing is 15-30 mm.

4. A slope support structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the anchor mesh is a glass fibre reinforced plastics anchor mesh, the mesh diameter of the anchor mesh is not less than 3mm, and the mesh diameter is 5 x 5cm.

5. A slope support structure as claimed in claim 1, wherein the slope is provided with a water cut-off channel.

6. The green slope supporting method convenient for drainage is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) Survey and analysis of slope geology and hydrologic conditions, geological exploration and design are carried out, potential sliding surface positions of the slope are analyzed, and drilling positions, depths and diameters are determined so as to ensure that the expansion anchor head (12) enters a weak weathering layer of soft rock to be not less than 50cm;

(2) Cleaning and leveling to design slope, and cleaning the slope pumice and the floating soil, so that the slope pumice and the floating soil are favorable for the tight combination of the organic substrate layer and the rock surface; digging a water intercepting ditch and a drainage side ditch of a side slope;

(3) Manufacturing and assembling a drainage anchor rod assembly: determining the length and the diameter of a drainage anchor rod according to the depth and the diameter of a drilling hole, and expanding the length of an anchor head; turning a second external thread on the rod body of the drainage anchor rod for external anchoring of a subsequent screw cap, turning a first external thread at the front end for axial connection with an internal thread of an expansion anchor head, and forming a water permeable hole with the aperture of 5-10 mm on the rod body of the drainage anchor rod; the water drainage anchor rod is sleeved with a water permeable geotextile sleeve and is fixed on the outer wall of the rear end of the expansion anchor head through a fixing ring and a fixing ring;

(4) Determining anchor rod hole sites on the slope surface which is manually trimmed and inspected to be qualified according to design rules, drilling holes, wherein the drilling depth is not less than 50cm and the drilling angle is 6-10 degrees upward, and completely blowing rock powder in the holes after drilling;

(5) Digging concrete pad pier holes at anchor rod hole sites, wherein the sizes of the concrete pad pier holes are 50-50 cm;

(6) Laying an anchor net along the slope in a homeotropic manner, tensioning the net during laying, and laying the net in a smooth manner;

(7) Installing a drainage anchor rod assembly: the drainage anchor rod assembly is inserted into a mounting hole drilled on a side slope, a solid steel ejector rod is inserted into the drainage anchor rod until the drainage anchor rod assembly is jacked to the tapping head of the expansion anchor head, then a hammer is used for applying force to the temporary solid steel ejector rod, so that the tapping head of the expansion anchor head moves forwards, the expansion pipe begins to deform and expand along with the forward movement of the tapping head until the solid steel ejector rod cannot move forwards any more, and then the application of force is stopped; repeating the step, and constructing all drainage anchor rod assemblies;

(8) Pouring concrete at the concrete pad pier hole;

(9) When the strength of the concrete cushion pier reaches the design strength, a screw cap and a steel backing plate are used for anchoring the rod body of the drainage anchor rod on the concrete cushion pier;

(10) Connecting an outlet of the drainage anchor rod with an inlet of a transverse water guide pipe by a connector, connecting an outlet of the transverse water guide pipe with a pipe body of an inclined water outlet pipe, converging the outlets of the transverse water guide pipes to the pipe body of the inclined water outlet pipe, and installing the inclined water outlet pipe above a drainage side ditch;

(11) Spraying the uniformly mixed organic substrate layer on the slope by using a spraying machine, wherein the spraying is performed as far as possible from the front, the concave-convex part and the dead angle part are required to be sprayed fully, the spraying thickness is designed to be not less than 10 cm, and the organic substrate layer with the thickness of 3-5 cm is required to be ensured on the anchor net;

(12) The shrub seeds are sowed on the plant growth bags, and the nutritional mud containing the grass seeds is uniformly sprayed on the organic substrate layer by a spraying machine.