CN115418428A - Direct smelting reduction furnace - Google Patents
Direct smelting reduction furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN115418428A CN115418428A CN202211205633.7A CN202211205633A CN115418428A CN 115418428 A CN115418428 A CN 115418428A CN 202211205633 A CN202211205633 A CN 202211205633A CN 115418428 A CN115418428 A CN 115418428A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0006—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes obtaining iron or steel in a molten state
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
- C21B13/00—Making spongy iron or liquid steel, by direct processes
- C21B13/0066—Preliminary conditioning of the solid carbonaceous reductant
Abstract
A direct smelting reduction furnace belongs to the non-blast furnace ironmaking technical field. The reduction furnace comprises a flue gas chamber, a methane-rich gas spray gun, an oxygen-rich gas spray gun, a solid powder spray gun, a hearth lining, a front furnace, a slag hole, a direct smelting reduction furnace, a conical section and the like; the lower part of the direct smelting reduction furnace is cylindrical, a hearth lining is built in the direct smelting reduction furnace and is communicated with the front-end furnace, the upper part of the direct smelting reduction furnace is sequentially connected with the conical section and the smoke gas chamber, and a gas outlet is arranged on the smoke gas chamber; the inner surface of the furnace shell of the direct smelting reduction furnace is provided with a water-cooled wall, and a slag hole is arranged above the hearth; the direct smelting reduction furnace is provided with solid powder spray guns along the circumferential direction, and the middle part of the conical section is provided with an oxygen-enriched gas spray gun. The method has the advantages that the temperature of the coal gas at the outlet of the direct smelting reduction furnace is reduced from about 1600 ℃ to below 1000 ℃, the conversion efficiency is high, the operation is simple and reliable, the process flow is simple, the investment is low, and the operation is stable.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of non-blast furnace ironmaking, and particularly relates to a direct smelting reduction furnace.
Background
The blast furnace ironmaking technology is the most mainstream ironmaking technology in the current steel industry, has obvious technical advantages in the aspects of large-scale production, high efficiency, long service life and the like, but simultaneously has the problems that coke must be used, raw materials must be agglomerated, pollution emission is high and the like, and the blast furnace ironmaking technology faces the increasingly serious coke and coal resource shortage and the pressure of environmental protection upgrading, so the development of the non-blast furnace ironmaking technology is urgent. The direct smelting reduction technology can directly use non-coking coal and iron ore powder, and can completely get rid of coking, sintering and pelletizing processes, so that the direct smelting reduction technology has obvious environmental protection technical advantages.
The HIsmelt smelting reduction iron-making process is a representative of a direct smelting reduction technology, has realized industrial production, is a main technical development direction of non-blast furnace low-carbon green metallurgy in the future, and has a good development prospect. The HIsmelt process adopts higher post combustion rate, liquid slag iron is blown by a material spray gun to generate a fountain for strengthening heat transfer from the upper post combustion process to a molten pool, a large amount of physical heat is taken away by high-temperature flue gas generated by post combustion due to no solid material column in a smelting reduction furnace, the temperature of coal gas at the outlet of the smelting reduction furnace reaches more than 1500 ℃, the conventional process adopts a vaporization cooling flue and a waste heat boiler to produce steam, and then the steam is used for generating electricity, the conventional coal gas waste heat recovery mode has lower energy recovery efficiency, the comprehensive efficiency is only about 30-40%, and the main reason is high energy consumption of the process. In addition, the overhigh gas temperature brings great difficulty to the long-term stable operation of the vaporization cooling flue, and the damage and water leakage of the vaporization cooling flue can cause the smelting reduction furnace to be forced to be shut down, thereby influencing the normal operation of the smelting reduction plant.
Therefore, the efficient utilization of the waste heat of the high-temperature low-calorific-value gas of the smelting reduction furnace is realized, the operation stability of the vaporization cooling flue is improved, and the problem to be solved in the development of the direct smelting reduction technology is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a direct smelting reduction furnace, which solves the problem of low recovery efficiency of high-temperature coal gas waste heat of the smelting reduction furnace. Meanwhile, the temperature of the coal gas at the outlet of the smelting reduction furnace is reduced, and the problem of high failure rate of coal gas system equipment is solved.
A direct smelting reduction furnace comprises a flue gas chamber 1, a methane-rich gas spray gun 2, an oxygen-rich gas spray gun 3, a gas spray gun 4, a solid powder spray gun 5, a hearth lining 6, a pre-furnace 7, a slag hole 8, a direct smelting reduction furnace 9, a conical section 10, a gas outlet 11 and a water-cooled wall 12; the lower part of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is cylindrical, a hearth lining 6 is built in the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 and is communicated with the front-end furnace 7, the upper part of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is sequentially connected with the conical section 10 and the flue gas chamber 1, and a coal gas outlet 11 is arranged on the flue gas chamber 1; the inner surface of a furnace shell of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a water cooled wall 12 above a hearth lining 6, and a slag hole 8 is arranged above a hearth of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9; the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a solid powder spray gun 5 along the circumferential direction, and the upper part of the solid powder spray gun 5 is provided with a gas spray gun 4; the middle part of the conical section 10 is provided with an oxygen-enriched gas spray gun 3, and the coal gas inlet section of the flue gas chamber 1 is provided with a methane-enriched gas spray gun 2.
The bottom of a hearth of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a residual iron hole and a residual slag hole which are used for discharging slag iron when the furnace is shut down;
the operation pressure in the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is-180 to 160kPa;
the interior of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 can be divided into a liquid metal zone, a slag iron mixing zone and a secondary combustion zone from bottom to top;
the solid powder spray guns 5 are positioned above the side wall of the hearth lining 6 and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the solid powder spray guns is 2-8, and the included angle epsilon between the central line of the solid powder spray guns 5 and the vertical direction is 20-80 degrees;
the number of the slag holes 8 is 1-2, and the included angle between the slag holes and the preposed furnace 7 in the circumferential direction is 90 degrees or 180 degrees;
the gas spray guns 4 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the gas spray guns is 1-4, and the included angle delta between the central line of the gas spray guns 4 and the vertical direction is 20-80 degrees;
the oxygen-enriched gas spray guns 3 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the oxygen-enriched gas spray guns is 2-8, the size of a vertical arrangement angle alpha is 20-80 degrees, the size of a horizontal arrangement angle beta is 0-90 degrees, and the oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched gas is 35-99.5 percent;
the methane-rich gas spray guns 2 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the arranged layers is 1-4, the number of each layer of spray guns is 2-8, and the horizontal arrangement angle gamma is 0-80 degrees.
The using method of the direct smelting reduction furnace comprises the following specific steps and parameters:
1. mixing iron ore powder, coal powder and a flux, and then spraying the mixture into a liquid metal area at the bottom of a hearth of a direct smelting reduction furnace 9 through a solid powder spray gun 5, wherein the reduction reaction of the iron ore powder mainly occurs in the liquid metal area and a slag iron mixing area, and the iron-containing material, carrier gas and coal powder sprayed into the furnace form strong stirring, splashing and violent reaction in a molten pool area;
2. the iron-containing material from the solid powder spray gun 5 contacts with molten iron and then undergoes reduction reaction with dissolved carbon in the molten iron to produce CO, the pulverized coal is heated and then volatile matters volatilize and undergo carburization reaction with the molten iron, and the iron ore powder and the pulverized coal which have not yet reacted completely float upwards and enter a slag iron mixing area to continue reduction reaction;
3. after the bath gas formed by reduction of the slag iron bath rises to a secondary combustion area, the bath gas and the oxygen-enriched hot air from the oxygen-enriched gas spray gun 3 are subjected to oxidation reaction again to release a large amount of heat and transfer the heat to the bath, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved in the splashing process of molten slag iron drops in the bath;
4. slag generated in the smelting process in the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is periodically discharged out of the furnace through a slag hole 8, and molten iron is discharged out of the furnace through the front furnace 7;
5. after the high-temperature coal gas generated by the secondary combustion reaction exchanges heat with a molten pool, the high-temperature coal gas rises into a flue gas chamber 1 at the top, the high-temperature coal gas at 1500-1650 ℃ is mixed with methane-containing gas injected by a methane-rich gas spray gun 2 at the inlet of the flue gas chamber 1, and under the catalytic action of metallic iron in coal gas dust, methane and CO in coal gas 2 And H 2 O undergoes a reforming cracking reaction, and the reaction equation is as follows:
CH 4 +CO 2 ＝2CO+2H 2
CH 4 +H 2 O＝2CO+3H 2
6. the methane cracking reaction is an endothermic reaction, and the physical heat of high-temperature coal gas is efficiently converted into chemical heat through the reaction, so that the heat value of the coal gas is effectively improved, the temperature of the coal gas is quickly reduced, the working temperature of a vaporization cooling flue can be obviously reduced, and the running stability of equipment is improved; the cooled high-temperature coal gas is discharged out of the furnace through a coal gas outlet 11 and enters subsequent coal gas purification and low-temperature waste heat recovery processes.
The invention has the advantages that:
1) The invention can reduce the temperature of the coal gas at the outlet of the direct smelting reduction furnace from about 1600 ℃ to below 1000 ℃ by a chemical reaction conversion method, and has the advantages of high conversion efficiency, simple and reliable operation and the like;
2) The invention improves the heat value of the direct melting reduction furnace gas, reduces the working temperature of the vaporization cooling flue, and is beneficial to improving the operation stability of the equipment;
3) The process flow is simple, the investment is low, and the operation is stable.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a direct smelting reduction furnace. The device comprises a flue gas chamber 1, a methane-rich gas spray gun 2, an oxygen-rich gas spray gun 3, a gas spray gun 4, a solid powder spray gun 5, a hearth lining 6, a pre-furnace 7, a slag hole 8, a direct smelting reduction furnace 9, a conical section 10, a gas outlet 11 and a water-cooled wall 12.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a methane-rich gas lance arrangement. The device comprises a flue gas chamber 1 and a methane-rich gas spray gun 2.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an oxygen-enriched gas lance arrangement. Wherein, the conical section 10 and the oxygen-enriched gas spray gun 3.
Detailed Description
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a direct smelting reduction furnace comprises a flue gas chamber 1, a methane-rich gas spray gun 2, an oxygen-rich gas spray gun 3, a gas spray gun 4, a solid powder spray gun 5, a hearth lining 6, a forehearth 7, a slag hole 8, a direct smelting reduction furnace 9, a cone section 10, a gas outlet 11 and a water-cooled wall 12; the lower part of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is cylindrical, a hearth lining 6 is built in the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 and is communicated with the front-end furnace 7, the upper part of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is sequentially connected with the conical section 10 and the flue gas chamber 1, and a coal gas outlet 11 is arranged on the flue gas chamber 1; the inner surface of a furnace shell of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a water cooled wall 12 above a hearth lining 6, and a slag hole 8 is arranged above a hearth of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9; the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a solid powder spray gun 5 along the circumferential direction, and the upper part of the solid powder spray gun 5 is provided with a gas spray gun 4; the middle part of the conical section 10 is provided with an oxygen-enriched gas spray gun 3, and the coal gas inlet section of the flue gas chamber 1 is provided with a methane-enriched gas spray gun 2.
The bottom of a hearth of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a residual iron hole and a residual slag hole which are used for discharging slag iron when blowing out, the operation pressure in the furnace is 80kPa, and the interior of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 can be divided into a liquid metal area, a slag iron mixing area and a secondary combustion area from bottom to top; the solid powder spray guns 5 are positioned above the side wall of the hearth lining 6 and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the solid powder spray guns is 2, and the included angle epsilon between the central line of the solid powder spray guns 5 and the vertical direction is 45 degrees; the number of the slag holes 8 is 1, and the included angle between the slag holes and the preposed furnace 7 in the circumferential direction is 180 degrees; the gas spray guns 4 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the gas spray guns is 2, and the included angle delta between the central line of the gas spray guns 4 and the vertical direction is 50 degrees; the oxygen-enriched gas spray guns 3 are positioned in the middle of the conical section 10, are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, are 4 in number, have a vertical arrangement angle alpha of 50 degrees, a horizontal arrangement angle beta of 60 degrees and have an oxygen content of 99.5 percent; the methane-rich gas spray guns 2 are positioned at a gas inlet of the gas chamber 1 and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the arranged layers is 2, the number of the spray guns in each layer is 4, and the horizontal arrangement angle gamma is 30 degrees.
The using method of the direct smelting reduction furnace comprises the following specific steps and parameters:
1. mixing iron ore powder, coal powder and a flux, and then spraying the mixture into a liquid metal area at the bottom of a hearth of a direct smelting reduction furnace 9 through a solid powder spray gun 5, wherein the reduction reaction of the iron ore powder mainly occurs in the liquid metal area and a slag iron mixing area, and the iron-containing material, carrier gas and coal powder sprayed into the furnace form strong stirring, splashing and violent reaction in a molten pool area;
2. after contacting with molten iron, the iron-containing materials from the solid powder spray gun 5 are subjected to reduction reaction with dissolved carbon in the molten iron to produce CO, the coal dust is heated, volatile matters are volatilized and subjected to carburization reaction with the molten iron, and iron ore powder and the coal dust which do not come to complete reaction float upwards and enter a slag iron mixing area to continue reduction reaction;
3. after the molten pool gas formed by reducing the slag iron molten pool rises to a secondary combustion area, the molten pool gas and the oxygen-enriched hot air from the oxygen-enriched gas spray gun 3 are subjected to oxidation reaction again to release a large amount of heat and transfer the heat to the molten pool, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved in the splashing process of molten slag iron drops in the molten pool;
4. slag generated in the smelting process in the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is periodically discharged out of the furnace through a slag hole 8, and molten iron is discharged out of the furnace through a front furnace 7;
5. after the high-temperature coal gas generated by the secondary combustion reaction exchanges heat with a molten pool, the high-temperature coal gas rises into a flue gas chamber 1 at the top, the high-temperature coal gas at 1600 ℃ is mixed with methane-containing gas injected by a methane-rich gas spray gun 2 at the inlet of the flue gas chamber 1, and under the catalytic action of metal iron in coal gas dust, methane and CO in the coal gas 2 And H 2 O undergoes a reforming cracking reaction, and the reaction equation is as follows:
CH4+CO 2 ＝2CO+2H 2
CH 4 +H 2 O＝2CO+3H 2
6. the methane cracking reaction is an endothermic reaction, and high-temperature coal gas cooled to 1000 ℃ is discharged out of the furnace through a coal gas outlet 11 and enters the subsequent working procedures of coal gas purification and low-temperature waste heat recovery.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, a direct smelting reduction furnace comprises a flue gas chamber 1, a methane-rich gas spray gun 2, an oxygen-rich gas spray gun 3, a gas spray gun 4, a solid powder spray gun 5, a hearth lining 6, a pre-furnace 7, a slag hole 8, a direct smelting reduction furnace 9, a conical section 10, a gas outlet 11 and a water-cooled wall 12; the lower part of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is cylindrical, a hearth lining 6 is built in the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 and is communicated with the pre-positioned furnace 7, the upper part of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is sequentially connected with a conical section 10 and a flue gas chamber 1, and a gas outlet 11 is arranged on the flue gas chamber 1; the inner surface of a furnace shell of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a water-cooled wall 12 above a hearth lining 6, and a slag hole 8 is arranged above a hearth of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9; the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a solid powder spray gun 5 along the circumferential direction, and the upper part of the solid powder spray gun 5 is provided with a gas spray gun 4; the middle part of the conical section 10 is provided with an oxygen-enriched gas spray gun 3, and the coal gas inlet section of the flue gas chamber 1 is provided with a methane-enriched gas spray gun 2.
The bottom of a hearth of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a residual iron port and a residual slag port for discharging slag iron when blowing out, the operation pressure in the furnace is 120kPa, and the interior of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 can be divided into a liquid metal area, a slag iron mixing area and a secondary combustion area from bottom to top; the solid powder spray guns 5 are positioned above the side wall of the hearth lining 6 and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the solid powder spray guns is 4, and the included angle epsilon between the central line of the solid powder spray guns 5 and the vertical direction is 60 degrees; the number of the slag holes 8 is 1, and the included angle between the slag holes and the preposed furnace 7 in the circumferential direction is 180 degrees; the gas spray guns 4 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the gas spray guns is 3, and the included angle delta between the central line of the gas spray guns 4 and the vertical direction is 45 degrees; the oxygen-enriched gas spray guns 3 are positioned in the middle of the conical section 10, are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, are 6 in number, have a vertical arrangement angle alpha of 60 degrees, a horizontal arrangement angle beta of 45 degrees and an oxygen content of 99.5 percent; the methane-rich gas spray guns 2 are positioned at a gas inlet of the gas chamber 1 and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the arranged layers is 1, the number of the spray guns in each layer is 6, and the horizontal arrangement angle gamma is 45 degrees.
The using method of the direct smelting reduction furnace comprises the following specific steps and parameters:
1. mixing iron ore powder, coal powder and a flux, spraying the mixture into a liquid metal area at the bottom of a hearth of a direct smelting reduction furnace 9 through a solid powder spray gun 5, wherein the reduction reaction of the iron ore powder mainly occurs in the liquid metal area and a slag iron mixing area, and the iron-containing material, carrier gas and coal powder sprayed into the furnace form strong stirring, splashing and violent reaction in a molten pool area;
2. the iron-containing material from the solid powder spray gun 5 contacts with molten iron and then undergoes reduction reaction with dissolved carbon in the molten iron to produce CO, the pulverized coal is heated and then volatile matters volatilize and undergo carburization reaction with the molten iron, and the iron ore powder and the pulverized coal which have not yet reacted completely float upwards and enter a slag iron mixing area to continue reduction reaction;
3. after the molten pool gas formed by reducing the slag iron molten pool rises to a secondary combustion area, the molten pool gas and the oxygen-enriched hot air from the oxygen-enriched gas spray gun 3 are subjected to oxidation reaction again to release a large amount of heat and transfer the heat to the molten pool, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved in the splashing process of molten slag iron drops in the molten pool;
4. slag generated in the smelting process in the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is periodically discharged out of the furnace through a slag hole 8, and molten iron is discharged out of the furnace through a front furnace 7;
5. after the high-temperature coal gas generated by the secondary combustion reaction exchanges heat with the molten pool, the high-temperature coal gas rises into the top flue gas chamber 1, the high-temperature coal gas at 1600 ℃ is mixed with methane-containing gas blown by the methane-rich gas spray gun 2 at the inlet of the flue gas chamber 1, and under the catalytic action of metallic iron in coal gas dust, methane and CO in the coal gas 2 And H 2 O is subjected to reforming cracking reaction, and the reaction equation is as follows:
CH4+CO 2 ＝2CO+2H 2
CH 4 +H 2 O＝2CO+3H 2
6. the methane cracking reaction is an endothermic reaction, and high-temperature coal gas cooled to 1000 ℃ is discharged out of the furnace through a coal gas outlet 11 and enters the subsequent working procedures of coal gas purification and low-temperature waste heat recovery.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 to fig. 3, a direct smelting reduction furnace comprises a flue gas chamber 1, a methane-rich gas spray gun 2, an oxygen-rich gas spray gun 3, a gas spray gun 4, a solid powder spray gun 5, a hearth lining 6, a pre-furnace 7, a slag hole 8, a direct smelting reduction furnace 9, a conical section 10, a gas outlet 11 and a water-cooled wall 12; the lower part of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is cylindrical, a hearth lining 6 is built in the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 and is communicated with the front-end furnace 7, the upper part of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is sequentially connected with the conical section 10 and the flue gas chamber 1, and a coal gas outlet 11 is arranged on the flue gas chamber 1; the inner surface of a furnace shell of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a water cooled wall 12 above a hearth lining 6, and a slag hole 8 is arranged above a hearth of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9; the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a solid powder spray gun 5 along the circumferential direction, and the upper part of the solid powder spray gun 5 is provided with a gas spray gun 4; the middle part of the conical section 10 is provided with an oxygen-enriched gas spray gun 3, and the coal gas inlet section of the flue gas chamber 1 is provided with a methane-enriched gas spray gun 2.
The bottom of a hearth of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is provided with a residual iron hole and a residual slag hole which are used for discharging slag iron when blowing out, the operation pressure in the furnace is-100 kPa, and the interior of the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 can be divided into a liquid metal area, a slag iron mixing area and a secondary combustion area from bottom to top; the solid powder spray guns 5 are positioned above the side wall of the hearth lining 6 and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the solid powder spray guns is 8, and the included angle epsilon between the central line of the solid powder spray guns 5 and the vertical direction is 30 degrees; the number of the slag holes 8 is 2, and the included angle between the slag holes and the preposed furnace 7 in the circumferential direction is 90 degrees; the gas spray guns 4 are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the gas spray guns is 1, and the included angle delta between the central line of the gas spray guns 4 and the vertical direction is 75 degrees; the oxygen-enriched gas spray guns 3 are positioned in the middle of the conical section 10, are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, are 8 in number, have a vertical arrangement angle alpha of 25 degrees, a horizontal arrangement angle beta of 75 degrees and have an oxygen content of 99.5 percent; the methane-rich gas spray guns 2 are positioned at a gas inlet of the flue gas chamber 1 and are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, the number of the arranged layers is 4, the number of the spray guns in each layer is 3, and the horizontal arrangement angle gamma is 60 degrees.
The using method of the direct smelting reduction furnace comprises the following specific steps and parameters:
1. mixing iron ore powder, coal powder and a flux, spraying the mixture into a liquid metal area at the bottom of a hearth of a direct smelting reduction furnace 9 through a solid powder spray gun 5, wherein the reduction reaction of the iron ore powder mainly occurs in the liquid metal area and a slag iron mixing area, and the iron-containing material, carrier gas and coal powder sprayed into the furnace form strong stirring, splashing and violent reaction in a molten pool area;
2. the iron-containing material from the solid powder spray gun 5 contacts with molten iron and then undergoes reduction reaction with dissolved carbon in the molten iron to produce CO, the pulverized coal is heated and then volatile matters volatilize and undergo carburization reaction with the molten iron, and the iron ore powder and the pulverized coal which have not yet reacted completely float upwards and enter a slag iron mixing area to continue reduction reaction;
3. after the bath gas formed by reduction of the slag iron bath rises to a secondary combustion area, the bath gas and the oxygen-enriched hot air from the oxygen-enriched gas spray gun 3 are subjected to oxidation reaction again to release a large amount of heat and transfer the heat to the bath, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved in the splashing process of molten slag iron drops in the bath;
4. slag generated in the smelting process in the direct smelting reduction furnace 9 is periodically discharged out of the furnace through a slag hole 8, and molten iron is discharged out of the furnace through a front furnace 7;
5. after the high-temperature coal gas generated by the secondary combustion reaction exchanges heat with a molten pool, the high-temperature coal gas rises into a flue gas chamber 1 at the top, the high-temperature coal gas at 1600 ℃ is mixed with methane-containing gas injected by a methane-rich gas spray gun 2 at the inlet of the flue gas chamber 1, and under the catalytic action of metal iron in coal gas dust, methane and CO in the coal gas 2 And H 2 O undergoes a reforming cracking reaction, and the reaction equation is as follows:
CH4+CO 2 ＝2CO+2H 2
CH 4 +H 2 O＝2CO+3H 2
6. the methane cracking reaction is an endothermic reaction, and high-temperature coal gas cooled to 1000 ℃ is discharged out of the furnace through a coal gas outlet 11 and enters subsequent coal gas purification and low-temperature waste heat recovery processes.
Claims (8)
1. A direct smelting reduction furnace is characterized by comprising a flue gas chamber (1), a methane-rich gas spray gun (2), an oxygen-rich gas spray gun (3), a gas spray gun (4), a solid powder spray gun (5), a hearth lining (6), a pre-furnace (7), a slag hole (8), a direct smelting reduction furnace (9), a conical section (10), a gas outlet (11) and a water-cooled wall (12); the lower part of the direct smelting reduction furnace (9) is cylindrical, a hearth lining (6) is built in the direct smelting reduction furnace and is communicated with the front furnace (7), the upper part of the direct smelting reduction furnace (9) is sequentially connected with the conical section (10) and the flue gas chamber (1), and a coal gas outlet (11) is arranged on the flue gas chamber (1); the inner surface of a furnace shell of the direct smelting reduction furnace (9) is provided with a water cooled wall (12) above a hearth lining (6), and a slag hole (8) is arranged above a hearth of the direct smelting reduction furnace (9); the direct smelting reduction furnace (9) is provided with a solid powder spray gun (5) along the circumferential direction, and the upper part of the solid powder spray gun (5) is provided with a gas spray gun (4); an oxygen-enriched gas spray gun (3) is arranged in the middle of the conical section (10), and a methane-enriched gas spray gun (2) is arranged at the coal gas inlet section of the flue gas chamber (1).
2. A direct smelting reduction furnace according to claim 1, wherein the bottom of the hearth of the direct smelting reduction furnace (9) is provided with a slag tap and a slag tap for discharging slag iron during blowing out, and the operating pressure in the direct smelting reduction furnace (9) is-180 to 160kPa, and the furnace is divided into a liquid metal zone, a slag iron mixing zone and a post combustion zone from bottom to top.
3. A direct smelting reduction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid powder injection lances (5) are located above the side wall of the hearth lining (6) and are evenly distributed in the circumferential direction with a number of 2-8, and the central line of the solid powder injection lances (5) has an angle e of 20-80 ° with the vertical direction.
4. A direct smelting reduction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of the slag hole (8) is 1-2, and the included angle with the forehearth (7) in the circumferential direction is 90 ° or 180 °.
5. A direct smelting reduction furnace according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas lances (4) are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction in an amount of 1 to 4, and the center line of the gas lances (4) has an angle δ of 20 ° to 80 ° with the vertical direction.
6. A direct smelting reduction furnace according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen-enriched gas lances (3) are uniformly distributed in a circumferential direction with a number of 2 to 8, a vertical arrangement angle α of 20 to 80 °, a horizontal arrangement angle β of 0 to 90 °, and an oxygen content of the oxygen-enriched gas of 35 to 99.5%.
7. The direct smelting reduction furnace according to claim 1, wherein the methane-rich gas lances (2) are uniformly distributed in a circumferential direction, the number of the arranged layers is 1 to 4, the number of each layer of lances is 2 to 8, and the horizontal arrangement angle γ is 0 ° to 80 °.
8. The direct smelting reduction furnace according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps and parameters of the method for using the direct smelting reduction furnace are as follows:
1) Mixing iron ore powder, coal powder and a flux, and then spraying the mixture into a liquid metal area at the bottom of a hearth of a direct smelting reduction furnace (9) through a solid powder spray gun (5), wherein the reduction reaction of the iron ore powder mainly occurs in the liquid metal area and a slag iron mixing area, and the iron-containing material, carrier gas and coal powder sprayed into the furnace form stirring, splashing and violent reaction in a molten pool area;
2) The iron-containing material from the solid powder spray gun (5) contacts with molten iron and then undergoes reduction reaction with dissolved carbon in the molten iron to produce CO, the pulverized coal is heated and then volatile matters volatilize and undergo carburization reaction with the molten iron, and the iron ore powder and the pulverized coal which have not yet reacted completely float upwards and enter a slag-iron mixing area to continue reduction reaction;
3) After the bath gas formed by reduction of the slag iron bath rises to a secondary combustion area, the bath gas and the oxygen-enriched hot air from the oxygen-enriched gas spray gun (3) are subjected to oxidation reaction again to release a large amount of heat and transfer the heat to the bath, and the heat transfer efficiency is improved in the splashing process of molten slag iron drops in the bath;
4) Slag generated in the smelting process in the direct smelting reduction furnace (9) is periodically discharged out of the furnace through a slag hole (8), and molten iron is discharged out of the furnace through the front furnace (7);
5) After exchanging heat with a molten pool, high-temperature coal gas generated by secondary combustion reaction rises into a flue gas chamber (1) at the top, the high-temperature coal gas at 1500-1650 ℃ is mixed with methane-containing gas injected by a methane-rich gas spray gun (2) at the inlet of the flue gas chamber (1), and under the catalytic action of metallic iron in coal gas dust, methane and CO in coal gas 2 And H 2 O is subjected to reforming cracking reaction, and the reaction equation is as follows:
CH 4 +CO 2 ＝2CO+2H 2
CH 4 +H 2 O＝2CO+3H 2 ；
6) The cooled high-temperature coal gas is discharged out of the furnace through a coal gas outlet (11) and enters the subsequent coal gas purification and low-temperature waste heat recovery processes.
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| CN116182558A (en) * | 2023-02-24 | 2023-05-30 | 浙江华友钴业股份有限公司 | Oxygen-enriched molten pool melting furnace and heat consumption type material smelting method |
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