CN115415745B - Production process of multi-step precision die forging with hole shafting - Google Patents
Production process of multi-step precision die forging with hole shafting Download PDFInfo
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- CN115415745B CN115415745B CN202211099177.2A CN202211099177A CN115415745B CN 115415745 B CN115415745 B CN 115415745B CN 202211099177 A CN202211099177 A CN 202211099177A CN 115415745 B CN115415745 B CN 115415745B
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- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 222
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000010274 multidirectional forging Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
Abstract
The invention discloses a production process of a multi-step precision die forging with a hole shafting, which comprises the following steps: s1, blanking: cutting off bars with proper length by a sawing machine; s2, double-end chamfering: chamfering 45 degrees at two ends of the bar; s3, medium-frequency heating; s4, dephosphorization: flushing the bar stock with high pressure water; s5, pre-forging forming: based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a bar stock is accommodated in a pre-forging lower die of a pre-forging die; s6, final forging forming: the two side oil cylinders axially move oppositely, and the final forging punch blocks the two ends of the opposite extrusion pre-forging piece and stretches into the final forging cavity; s7, process inspection: in the steps S5 and S6, checking the sizes of the pre-forging and the final forging; s8, isothermal normalizing; s9, secondary inspection: checking the specific size of the final forging; s10, machining. The invention is based on a multidirectional forging oil press, selects the design scheme of a closed die forging forming process, realizes extrusion forging with large length-diameter ratio in a bar deformation area, and realizes single-step one-time extrusion deep hole.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metal forging, in particular to a production process of a multi-step precision die forging with a hole shafting.
Background
When various multi-step shaft workpieces containing blind holes and through holes are formed through forging, upsetting forming after drawing, reducing forming or forward extrusion process forming of original bar stock are generally adopted, and no matter any one forming process is adopted, the aspect ratio of a deformation area can not be completed in one single-process deformation, and is larger than 2.8: and (3) forming the 1-limit multi-step shaft solid forging. In particular to a multi-step shaft forging with deep holes, which has the advantages of more complex production process, long working procedure, low efficiency and high total manufacturing cost, and is always the technological bottle diameter of the forging.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a production process of a multi-step precision die forging with a hole shafting, which is based on a multidirectional forging oil press, selects a closed die forging forming process design scheme, realizes extrusion forging with a large length-diameter ratio in a bar deformation area, and realizes single-step one-time extrusion deep hole so as to solve the problems in the background art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a production process of a multi-step precision die forging with a hole shafting comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking: intercepting bars with proper length by a sawing machine, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the bars is more than or equal to 5:1, a step of;
s2, double-end chamfering: chamfering the two ends of the bar at 45 degrees to remove burrs generated at the two ends of the bar during blanking;
s3, medium-frequency heating: heating the bar stock in a medium frequency electric furnace for 8-12 s, wherein the heating temperature is 1120-1180 ℃;
s4, dephosphorization: flushing the bar by using high-pressure water to remove oxide skin on the surface of the bar;
s5, pre-forging forming: based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a bar is accommodated in a pre-forging lower die of a pre-forging die, a main oil cylinder sliding block is downwards moved to enable a pre-forging upper die and the pre-forging lower die of the pre-forging die to be closed, a closed pre-forging die cavity with two radial ends open is formed, and then the two side oil cylinders are axially moved in opposite directions, and a pre-forging punch is blocked to oppositely extrude the two ends of the bar and does not extend into the pre-forging die cavity, so that pre-forging forming is realized, and the pre-forging is in a multi-stage step shape;
s6, final forging forming: based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a pre-forging piece is accommodated in a final forging lower die of a final forging die, a main oil cylinder sliding block descends to enable a final forging upper die and a final forging lower die of the final forging die to be closed, a final forging cavity with two radial ends open is formed, then the two side oil cylinders axially move oppositely, a final forging punch block is used for extruding two ends of the pre-forging piece oppositely and extending into the final forging cavity, final forging forming is achieved, and blind holes are formed at two ends of the final forging piece;
s7, process inspection: in the steps S5 and S6, checking the sizes of the pre-forging and the final forging so as to facilitate timely adjustment;
s8, isothermal normalizing: heating the final forging in a normalizing furnace to 900-960 ℃, wherein the temperature of an isothermal zone is 570-630 ℃ and the time is 3.5-4.5 h;
s9, secondary inspection: checking the specific size of the final forging;
s10, machining: and cutting off the allowance on the final forging piece to form a complete finished product piece.
In the further improvement scheme of the invention, in the steps S5 and S6, the side cylinder working speed is designed to be 50-150 mm/S.
According to a further improvement scheme of the invention, in the step S6, the Kong Shenjing ratio of the blind holes is less than or equal to 4:1.
In the step S6, the radial machining allowance of the final forging is reserved for 0.8-1 mm, the axial machining allowance is reserved for 1-1.5 mm, and the single-side machining allowance of the inner diameter of the hole is reserved for 1.5mm.
In the step S6, the opposite ends of the two final forging punches are tapered.
According to a further improvement scheme of the invention, in the step S10, the Kong Shenjing ratio of the through hole at the center of the finished product piece is less than or equal to 7:1.
According to a further improvement scheme, the pre-forging and the final forging are four-stage step shafts.
According to a further improvement scheme of the invention, the outer wall of the first shaft shoulder of the pre-forging piece is inclined by 45 degrees, the outer wall of the second shaft shoulder is inclined by 30 degrees, and the outer wall of the third shaft shoulder is inclined by 65 degrees.
According to a further improvement scheme of the invention, the outer wall of the first shaft shoulder of the final forging piece is inclined by 45 degrees, the outer wall of the second shaft shoulder is inclined by 30 degrees, and the outer wall of the third shaft shoulder is inclined by 30 degrees.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. according to the production process of the multi-step precision die forging with the hole shafting, disclosed by the invention, based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a closed die forging forming process design scheme is selected, so that extrusion forging with a large length-diameter ratio of a bar deformation area is realized, and single-step one-step extrusion deep hole is realized.
2. According to the production process of the multi-step precision die forging with the hole shafting, the length-diameter ratio of the bar in the single axial opposite extrusion deformation area can reach 5: and 1, based on the design of large length-diameter ratio of the bar in the deformation zone, the one-step forming of the multi-step shaft workpiece can be realized.
3. According to the production process of the multi-step precision die forging with the hole shafting, provided by the invention, the production of the forging (the hole depth-diameter ratio is that the through holes are less than or equal to 7:1 and the blind holes are less than or equal to 4:1) can be realized by adding one procedure to the multi-step shaft forging with the deep holes.
4. The production process of the multi-step precision die forging with the hole shafting greatly saves the production procedures, the equipment quantity, the labor, the tooling, and other necessary resources for forging production of the multi-step shaft workpiece, and greatly reduces the total manufacturing cost.
5. According to the production process of the multi-step precision die forging with the hole shafting, the finished product rate of the finish turning piece can reach 68% -70%, the material utilization rate is greatly improved, and the total manufacturing cost of the forging is greatly reduced.
6. The production process of the multi-step precision die forging with the hole shafting has the advantages that the machining allowance of the reserved post-process is small, the use of work, clamps, cutters and equipment in the machining process is correspondingly reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the total manufacturing cost of finished workpieces is greatly reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of a bar stock in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a pre-forging in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a final forging in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a finished part in embodiment 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of a pre-forging die in example 1 of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of a final forging die in example 1 of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-bar stock, 2-preforging die, 201-preforging upper die, 202-preforging lower die, 203-preforging die cavity, 204-preforging punch, 3-preforging, 301-first shoulder, 302-second shoulder, 303-third shoulder, 4-finish forging die, 401-finish forging upper die, 402-finish forging lower die, 403-finish forging die cavity, 404-finish forging punch, 5-finish forging, 6-finished piece.
Detailed Description
The invention is further elucidated below in connection with the drawings and the specific embodiments.
Example 1: as shown in fig. 1 to 6, a production process of a multi-step precision die forging with a hole shafting comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking: cutting a bar 1 with the length shown in fig. 1 by a sawing machine, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the bar 1 is 6.3:1;
s2, double-end chamfering: chamfering the two ends of the bar 1 by 45 degrees to remove burrs generated at the two ends of the bar 1 during blanking;
s3, medium-frequency heating: heating the bar stock 1 in an intermediate frequency electric furnace for 10s, wherein the heating temperature is 1150 ℃;
s4, dephosphorization: flushing the bar 1 by using high-pressure water to remove oxide skin on the surface of the bar 1;
s5, pre-forging forming: based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a bar 1 is accommodated in a pre-forging lower die 202 of a pre-forging die 2, a main oil cylinder sliding block descends to enable a pre-forging upper die 201 and the pre-forging lower die 202 of the pre-forging die 2 to be closed, a closed pre-forging cavity 203 with two open radial ends is formed, and then through axial opposite movement of two side oil cylinders, a pre-forging punch 204 is blocked to extrude two ends of the bar 1 in opposite directions and does not extend into the pre-forging cavity 203, pre-forging forming is achieved, and a pre-forging 3 is in a multi-stage step shape;
s6, final forging forming: based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a pre-forging piece 3 is accommodated in a final forging lower die 402 of a final forging die 4, a main oil cylinder sliding block descends to enable the final forging upper die 401 and the final forging lower die 402 of the final forging die 4 to be closed, a final forging cavity 403 with two radial ends open is formed, then the two side oil cylinders axially move oppositely, a final forging punch 404 is blocked to extrude two ends of the pre-forging piece 3 oppositely and extend into the final forging cavity 403, final forging forming is achieved, and blind holes are formed at two ends of a final forging piece 5;
s7, process inspection: in the process of steps S5 and S6, the sizes of the pre-forging piece 3 and the final forging piece 5 are checked, and the sizes are shown in fig. 2 and 3 so as to be convenient for timely adjustment;
s8, isothermal normalizing: heating the final forging 5 to 930 ℃ in a normalizing furnace, wherein the temperature of an isothermal zone is 600 ℃ and the time is 4 hours;
s9, secondary inspection: checking the specific size of the final forging 5;
s10, machining: and cutting off the allowance on the final forging piece 5 to form a complete finished product piece 6, wherein the size of the finished product piece 6 is shown in the range of a broken line in fig. 4.
In the steps S5 and S6, the working speed of the side cylinder is designed to be 150mm/S.
In the step S6, the ratio of Kong Shenjing of the blind holes is less than or equal to 4:1.
In the step S6, the radial machining allowance of the final forging piece 5 is reserved for 0.8-1 mm, the axial machining allowance is reserved for 1-1.5 mm, and the machining allowance of the inner diameter single side of the hole is reserved for 1.5mm.
In step S6, the opposite ends of the two final forging punches 404 are tapered.
In the step S10, the ratio of Kong Shenjing of the through holes at the center of the finished product 6 is equal to or less than 7:1.
Wherein, pre-forging 3 and final forging 5 are four-stage step shaft.
Wherein the outer wall of the first shaft shoulder 301 of the pre-forging piece 3 is inclined by 45 degrees, the outer wall of the second shaft shoulder 302 is inclined by 30 degrees, and the outer wall of the third shaft shoulder 303 is inclined by 65 degrees.
Wherein, the outer wall of the first shaft shoulder 301 of the final forging piece 5 is inclined by 45 degrees, the outer wall of the second shaft shoulder 302 is inclined by 30 degrees, and the outer wall of the third shaft shoulder 303 is inclined by 30 degrees.
Example 2: a production process of a multi-step precision die forging with a hole shafting comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking: intercepting a bar 1 with a proper length by a sawing machine, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the bar 1 is 5:1, a step of;
s2, double-end chamfering: chamfering the two ends of the bar 1 by 45 degrees to remove burrs generated at the two ends of the bar 1 during blanking;
s3, medium-frequency heating: heating the bar stock 1 in a medium frequency electric furnace for 8s, wherein the heating temperature is 1120 ℃;
s4, dephosphorization: flushing the bar 1 by using high-pressure water to remove oxide skin on the surface of the bar 1;
s5, pre-forging forming: based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a bar 1 is accommodated in a pre-forging lower die 202 of a pre-forging die 2, a main oil cylinder sliding block descends to enable a pre-forging upper die 201 and the pre-forging lower die 202 of the pre-forging die 2 to be closed, a closed pre-forging cavity 203 with two open radial ends is formed, and then through axial opposite movement of two side oil cylinders, a pre-forging punch 204 is blocked to extrude two ends of the bar 1 in opposite directions and does not extend into the pre-forging cavity 203, pre-forging forming is achieved, and a pre-forging 3 is in a multi-stage step shape;
s6, final forging forming: based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a pre-forging piece 3 is accommodated in a final forging lower die 402 of a final forging die 4, a main oil cylinder sliding block descends to enable the final forging upper die 401 and the final forging lower die 402 of the final forging die 4 to be closed, a final forging cavity 403 with two radial ends open is formed, then the two side oil cylinders axially move oppositely, a final forging punch 404 is blocked to extrude two ends of the pre-forging piece 3 oppositely and extend into the final forging cavity 403, final forging forming is achieved, and blind holes are formed at two ends of a final forging piece 5;
s7, process inspection: in the process of the steps S5 and S6, the sizes of the pre-forging 3 and the final forging 5 are checked so as to be convenient for timely adjustment;
s8, isothermal normalizing: heating the final forging 5 to 900 ℃ in a normalizing furnace, wherein the temperature of an isothermal zone is 570 ℃ and the time is 3.5h;
s9, secondary inspection: checking the specific size of the final forging 5;
s10, machining: and cutting off the allowance on the final forging piece 5 to form a complete finished product piece 6.
In the steps S5 and S6, the working speed of the side cylinder is designed to be 150mm/S.
In the step S6, the ratio of Kong Shenjing of the blind holes is less than or equal to 4:1.
In the step S6, the radial machining allowance of the final forging piece 5 is reserved for 0.8-1 mm, the axial machining allowance is reserved for 1-1.5 mm, and the machining allowance of the inner diameter single side of the hole is reserved for 1.5mm.
In step S6, the opposite ends of the two final forging punches 404 are tapered.
In the step S10, the ratio of Kong Shenjing of the through holes at the center of the finished product 6 is equal to or less than 7:1.
Example 3: a production process of a multi-step precision die forging with a hole shafting comprises the following steps:
s1, blanking: cutting a bar 1 with a proper length by a sawing machine, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the bar 1 is 5.5:1, a step of;
s2, double-end chamfering: chamfering the two ends of the bar 1 by 45 degrees to remove burrs generated at the two ends of the bar 1 during blanking;
s3, medium-frequency heating: heating the bar stock 1 in an intermediate frequency electric furnace for 12s, wherein the heating temperature is 1180 ℃;
s4, dephosphorization: flushing the bar 1 by using high-pressure water to remove oxide skin on the surface of the bar 1;
s5, pre-forging forming: based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a bar 1 is accommodated in a pre-forging lower die 202 of a pre-forging die 2, a main oil cylinder sliding block descends to enable a pre-forging upper die 201 and the pre-forging lower die 202 of the pre-forging die 2 to be closed, a closed pre-forging cavity 203 with two open radial ends is formed, and then through axial opposite movement of two side oil cylinders, a pre-forging punch 204 is blocked to extrude two ends of the bar 1 in opposite directions and does not extend into the pre-forging cavity 203, pre-forging forming is achieved, and a pre-forging 3 is in a multi-stage step shape;
s6, final forging forming: based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a pre-forging piece 3 is accommodated in a final forging lower die 402 of a final forging die 4, a main oil cylinder sliding block descends to enable the final forging upper die 401 and the final forging lower die 402 of the final forging die 4 to be closed, a final forging cavity 403 with two radial ends open is formed, then the two side oil cylinders axially move oppositely, a final forging punch 404 is blocked to extrude two ends of the pre-forging piece 3 oppositely and extend into the final forging cavity 403, final forging forming is achieved, and blind holes are formed at two ends of a final forging piece 5;
s7, process inspection: in the process of the steps S5 and S6, the sizes of the pre-forging 3 and the final forging 5 are checked so as to be convenient for timely adjustment;
s8, isothermal normalizing: heating the final forging 5 to 960 ℃ in a normalizing furnace, wherein the temperature of an isothermal zone is 630 ℃ and the time is 4.5h;
s9, secondary inspection: checking the specific size of the final forging 5;
s10, machining: and cutting off the allowance on the final forging piece 5 to form a complete finished product piece 6.
In the steps S5 and S6, the working speed of the side cylinder is designed to be 150mm/S.
In the step S6, the ratio of Kong Shenjing of the blind holes is less than or equal to 4:1.
In the step S6, the radial machining allowance of the final forging piece 5 is reserved for 0.8-1 mm, the axial machining allowance is reserved for 1-1.5 mm, and the machining allowance of the inner diameter single side of the hole is reserved for 1.5mm.
In step S6, the opposite ends of the two final forging punches 404 are tapered.
In the step S10, the ratio of Kong Shenjing of the through holes at the center of the finished product 6 is equal to or less than 7:1.
The foregoing embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical concept and features of the present invention, and are intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the present invention and to implement the same, not to limit the scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes or modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. The production process of the multi-step precision die forging with the hole shafting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, blanking: intercepting a bar (1) with proper length by a sawing machine, wherein the length-diameter ratio of the bar (1) is more than or equal to 5:1, a step of;
s2, double-end chamfering: chamfering the two ends of the bar (1) at 45 degrees to remove burrs generated at the two ends of the bar (1) during blanking;
s3, medium-frequency heating: heating the bar stock (1) in an intermediate frequency electric furnace for 8-12 s at 1120-1180 ℃;
s4, dephosphorization: flushing the bar (1) by using high-pressure water to remove oxide skin on the surface of the bar (1);
s5, pre-forging forming: based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a bar (1) is accommodated in a pre-forging lower die (202) of a pre-forging die (2), a main oil cylinder sliding block descends to enable a pre-forging upper die (201) and the pre-forging lower die (202) of the pre-forging die (2) to be closed to form a closed pre-forging cavity (203) with two open radial ends, and then the two side oil cylinders axially move oppositely, and a pre-forging punch (204) is blocked to squeeze the two ends of the bar (1) oppositely and does not extend into the pre-forging cavity (203), so that pre-forging forming is realized, and a pre-forging piece (3) is in a multi-stage step shape;
s6, final forging forming: based on a multidirectional forging oil press, a pre-forging piece (3) is accommodated in a finish forging lower die (402) of a finish forging die (4), a main oil cylinder sliding block descends to enable a finish forging upper die (401) and the finish forging lower die (402) of the finish forging die (4) to be closed, a finish forging cavity (403) with two radial ends open is formed, then the two side oil cylinders axially move oppositely, and a finish forging punch (404) is blocked to oppositely extrude two ends of the pre-forging piece (3) and extend into the finish forging cavity (403), so that finish forging forming is realized, and blind holes are formed at two ends of a finish forging piece (5); the working speed of the side cylinder is designed to be 50-150 mm/s; the Kong Shenjing ratio of the blind holes is less than or equal to 4:1; opposite ends of the two final forging punches (404) are in a frustum shape
S7, process inspection: in the steps S5 and S6, the sizes of the pre-forging piece (3) and the final forging piece (5) are checked so as to be convenient for timely adjustment;
s8, isothermal normalizing: heating the final forging piece (5) to 900-960 ℃ in a normalizing furnace, wherein the temperature of an isothermal zone is 570-630 ℃ and the time is 3.5-4.5 h;
s9, secondary inspection: checking the specific size of the final forging piece (5);
s10, machining: and cutting off the allowance on the final forging piece (5) to form a complete finished product piece (6), wherein the Kong Shenjing ratio of the through hole at the center of the finished product piece (6) is less than or equal to 7:1.
2. The process for producing the multi-step precision die forging with the hole shafting, as set forth in claim 1, is characterized in that: in the step S6, the radial machining allowance of the final forging piece (5) is reserved for 0.8-1 mm, the axial machining allowance is reserved for 1-1.5 mm, and the machining allowance of the inner diameter single side of the hole is reserved for 1.5mm.
3. The process for producing the multi-step precision die forging with the hole shafting according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the process comprises the following steps of: the pre-forging piece (3) and the final forging piece (5) are four-stage step shafts.
4. The process for producing the multi-step precision die forging with the hole shafting, as set forth in claim 3, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the outer wall of a first shaft shoulder (301) of the pre-forging piece (3) is inclined by 45 degrees, the outer wall of a second shaft shoulder (302) is inclined by 30 degrees, and the outer wall of a third shaft shoulder (303) is inclined by 65 degrees.
5. The process for producing the multi-step precision die forging with the hole shafting, as set forth in claim 3, wherein the process comprises the following steps: the outer wall of a first shaft shoulder (301) of the final forging (5) is inclined by 45 degrees, the outer wall of a second shaft shoulder (302) is inclined by 30 degrees, and the outer wall of a third shaft shoulder (303) is inclined by 30 degrees.
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