CN115415320B - Rolling method of 20Cr steel - Google Patents
Rolling method of 20Cr steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN115415320B CN115415320B CN202211062708.0A CN202211062708A CN115415320B CN 115415320 B CN115415320 B CN 115415320B CN 202211062708 A CN202211062708 A CN 202211062708A CN 115415320 B CN115415320 B CN 115415320B
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- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 109
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 66
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-[6-[4-(5-chloro-6-methyl-1H-indazol-4-yl)-5-methyl-3-(1-methylindazol-5-yl)pyrazol-1-yl]-2-azaspiro[3.3]heptan-2-yl]prop-2-en-1-one Chemical compound ClC=1C(=C2C=NNC2=CC=1C)C=1C(=NN(C=1C)C1CC2(CN(C2)C(C=C)=O)C1)C=1C=C2C=NN(C2=CC=1)C AZUYLZMQTIKGSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007546 Brinell hardness test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006032 tissue transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
- B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
- B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
- B21B45/0203—Cooling
- B21B45/0209—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants
- B21B2045/0212—Cooling devices, e.g. using gaseous coolants using gaseous coolants
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a rolling method of 20Cr steel, which comprises the following steps: taking a continuous casting blank as a raw material, and sequentially performing a heating process, a rolling process and a cooling process; the rolling process comprises the following steps: a rough rolling process, a medium rolling process, and a finish rolling process; wherein, in the heating procedure, the preheating temperature is 650-735 ℃, the heating temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, the heating time is 50-80min, the soaking temperature is 1220-1250 ℃, the soaking time is 40-70min, and the total heating time is 180-240min; the initial rolling temperature is more than or equal to 1150 ℃ and the final rolling temperature is 800-840 ℃. The invention adopts high-temperature heating and heat preservation, controls the banding and grain size, adopts rolling and cooling control, controls the structure, hardness and tensile strength, and can obtain the 20Cr steel with quality meeting the requirement without an annealing process after rolling.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of metal materials, and particularly relates to a rolling method of 20Cr steel.
Background
The 20Cr steel is one of the alloy structural steels with the largest yield in China, and has been widely applied to the steels for parts such as gears, gear shafts, cams, piston pins, worms and the like. Wherein the chemical components (mass percent) of the 20Cr steel are :C:0.17~0.23%、Si:0.15~0.40%、Mn:0.50~0.80%、P:≤0.035%、S:≤0.025%、Cr:0.80~1.10%、Ni:≤0.30%、Mo:≤0.20、Cu≤0.20%、Al:≤0.025%,, and the balance is the matrix Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The production process of the 20Cr steel in the prior art comprises the following steps: heating a steel billet, rough rolling, intermediate rolling, finish rolling, cooling and annealing, wherein the heating temperature is 1100-1200 ℃, the initial rolling temperature is 950-1150 ℃, the final rolling temperature is 850-980 ℃, and the annealing temperature is 700-730 ℃; the existing production process needs annealing after rolling to ensure that the steel meets the following performance requirements, namely the required hardness: 150-180HBW, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 350MPa, the banding is less than or equal to 2.5 grade, and the austenite grain size of the steel is more than or equal to 5 grade; and only 20Cr steel with the steel specification of 30-40mm can be used for producing and processing parts such as flange shafts and the like which have strict requirements on the material performance.
The main purpose of annealing in the production process of the 20Cr steel is to control the strip structure and hardness of the 20Cr steel so as to meet the performance requirements; however, the 20Cr steel has a large number of production processes, high energy consumption and high cost, so it is important to find a steel manufacturing method with a short production process and low production cost.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects and the shortcomings existing in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a rolling method of 20Cr steel. The invention adopts high-temperature heating and heat preservation, controls the banding and grain size, adopts rolling and cooling control, controls the structure, hardness and tensile strength, and can obtain the 20Cr steel with quality meeting the requirement without an annealing process after rolling.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a rolling method of 20Cr steel, which adopts the following technical scheme:
A method of rolling 20Cr steel, comprising: taking a continuous casting blank as a raw material, and sequentially performing a heating process, a rolling process and a cooling process; the rolling process comprises the following steps: a rough rolling process, a medium rolling process, and a finish rolling process;
Wherein, in the heating process, the preheating temperature is 650-735 ℃ (such as 680 ℃, 700 ℃, 710 ℃, 720 ℃, 730 ℃), the heating temperature is 1200-1250 ℃ (such as 1205 ℃, 1210 ℃, 1215 ℃, 1220 ℃, 1230 ℃, 1240 ℃, 1245 ℃), the heating time is 50-80min (such as 52min, 55min, 60min, 65min, 70min, 75min, 78 min), the soaking temperature is 1220-1250 ℃ (such as 1225 ℃, 1228 ℃, 1230 ℃, 1235 ℃, 1240 ℃, 1245 ℃, 1248 ℃), the soaking time is 40-70min (such as 42min, 45min, 50min, 55min, 60min, 65min, 68 min), and the total heating time is 180-240min (such as 185min, 190min, 200min, 210min, 220min, 230min, 235 min);
The initial rolling temperature is equal to or higher than 1150 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800-840 ℃ (such as 805 ℃, 810 ℃, 815 ℃, 820 ℃, 825 ℃, 830 ℃ and 835 ℃).
The soaking temperature is controlled within the range of 1220-1250 ℃, so that the steel billet is kept at a high temperature area, carbide is uniformly diffused, and a uniform strip-shaped structure is prepared after rolling; if the soaking temperature is lower than 1220 ℃, the strip shape of the rolled steel is serious and the strip structure is uneven due to the fact that the soaking temperature is too low, so that the product is unqualified; if the soaking temperature is higher than 1250 ℃, overheating is likely to occur, which is not favorable for the subsequent rolling process.
In the present invention, the start rolling temperature refers to the temperature at which rolling starts in the rough rolling process, and the finish rolling temperature refers to the temperature after the finish rolling process; the initial rolling temperature is mainly determined by the soaking temperature, and if the initial rolling temperature is lower than 1150 ℃, the prepared steel strip is serious and unqualified; the purpose of limiting the finishing temperature to 800-840 ℃ is to enable finishing to be carried out in the temperature range, uniform austenite structure can be obtained, if the finishing temperature is higher than 840 ℃, part B structure is formed after cooling, and after cooling, the structure requires F+P, so that the product hardness is high and unqualified exceeds standard when the finishing temperature is higher than 840 ℃; if the final rolling temperature is lower than 800 ℃, rolling is carried out in a two-phase zone, the strip shape becomes worse and exceeds the standard.
In the above-mentioned 20Cr steel rolling method, as a preferred embodiment, in the rough rolling step, the rolling pass is 10 to 12 passes, the rolling speed is 1 to 1.2m/s (e.g., 1.05m/s, 1.1m/s, 1.15 m/s), and the temperature after rough rolling is 950 to 1050 ℃ (e.g., 955 ℃, 970 ℃, 990 ℃, 1000 ℃, 1020 ℃, 1040 ℃, 1045 ℃).
In the above-mentioned 20Cr steel rolling method, as a preferable embodiment, in the intermediate rolling step, water spray cooling is performed by a water tank after intermediate rolling, and the cooling rate is controlled to be 20 to 60 ℃/s (for example, 25 ℃/s, 30 ℃/s, 40 ℃/s, 50 ℃/s, 55 ℃/s).
The invention uses the water tank to spray water for cooling after the middle rolling, and aims to control the final rolling temperature, and when the water tank sprays water for cooling, the rolled piece passes through the spray cooling ring of the water tank to realize cooling.
In the above-mentioned 20Cr steel rolling method, as a preferred embodiment, in the finish rolling step, the rolling pass is 4 to 6 passes, the rolling speed is 3 to 4.5m/s (e.g., 3.2m/s, 3.5m/s, 3.8m/s, 4.0 m/s), and the rolling temperature is 805 to 840 ℃ (e.g., 808 ℃, 810 ℃, 815 ℃, 820 ℃, 825 ℃, 830 ℃, 838 ℃).
In the above-described 20Cr steel rolling method, in the cooling step, after the finish rolling step, the steel is first cooled in a cooling bed heat retaining cover and then cooled in air after leaving the heat retaining cover.
According to the invention, the cooling speed is mainly reduced by cooling in the existing cooling bed heat preservation cover, and then the cooling speed is controlled by cooling in the air through the heat preservation cover, so that the structure and hardness of rolled steel are controlled.
In the above-mentioned 20Cr steel rolling method, as a preferable embodiment, in the cooling step, the temperature of the steel material is at least 730 ℃ when entering the cooling bed heat-retaining cover for cooling; preferably, the temperature of the steel is less than or equal to 550 ℃ when the heat preservation cover is cooled in the air.
The temperature of the steel material entering the cooling bed heat preservation cover is related to the finishing temperature on one hand, and on the other hand, if the temperature of the steel material is too low at the moment, the steel material is subjected to tissue transformation to cause uneven tissue; if the temperature of the heat preservation cover is higher than 550 ℃, the heat preservation cover can also generate structural transformation to generate bainite, and further the hardness is uneven. The cooling process is carried out on a cooling bed, firstly, a heat preservation cover is added, so that steel is cooled in the heat preservation cover, then the heat preservation cover is removed, and the steel is cooled in air.
In the above rolling method of 20Cr steel, as a preferred embodiment, the mass percentages of the elements in the continuous casting billet are: c:0.17 to 0.23% (such as 0.18%, 0.19%, 0.20%, 0.21%, 0.22%), si:0.15 to 0.40% (e.g., 0.18%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.30%, 0.35%), mn:0.50 to 0.80% (such as 0.55%, 0.60%, 0.65%, 0.70%, 0.75%), P: less than or equal to 0.035 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, cr: 0.80-1.10% (such as 0.82%, 0.85%, 0.90%, 1.0%, 1.05%), ni: less than or equal to 0.30 percent, mo: less than or equal to 0.20 percent, less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Cu, and less than or equal to 0.20 percent of Al: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, and the balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The preferred embodiments of the invention can be combined with each other without conflicting with each other.
The second purpose of the invention is to provide 20Cr steel which is obtained by adopting the preparation method.
In the 20Cr steel, as a preferable embodiment, the diameter of the 20Cr steel is 30-40mm (such as 32mm, 35mm, 37mm, 39 mm), the hardness is 150-180HBW (such as 152HBW, 155HBW, 160HBW, 170HBW, 175 HBW), the tensile strength is not less than 350MPa, the banding is not more than 2.5 grade, and the austenite grain size of the steel is not less than 5 grade.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention adopts high-temperature heating and heat preservation to control the strip shape and grain size of the steel, and then adopts rolling and cooling control to control the organization, hardness and tensile strength.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a strip chart (sample in rolling direction) of 20Cr steel obtained in example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a strip chart (sample in rolling direction) of the 20Cr steel obtained in comparative example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which are derived by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention, fall within the scope of protection of the invention.
The test methods in the following examples are conventional methods, and may be carried out according to techniques or conditions described in the literature in the field or according to the specifications of the products, unless otherwise specified. The starting materials described in the examples below are all commercially available from the public.
The mass percentages of the respective element components in the 20Cr continuous casting billets used in the following examples are shown in Table 1;
Example 1a manufacturing method of 20Cr controlled rolling and cooling instead of off-line annealing, comprising:
(1) Heating procedure: heating a continuous casting blank serving as a raw material in a step-by-step heating furnace, wherein the heating process comprises the following steps of: preheating temperature 732 ℃, preheating time 86min, heating temperature 1239 ℃, heating time 62min, soaking temperature 1246 ℃ and soaking time 54min.
(2) Rough rolling procedure: and rolling by adopting a rough rolling unit, wherein the initial rolling temperature is 1179 ℃, the rolling pass is 10 passes, the rolling speed is 1.15m/s, and the temperature after rough rolling is 1006 ℃.
(3) And (3) a middle rolling procedure: and (3) performing intermediate rolling by adopting an intermediate rolling mill set, and performing water spray cooling by using a water tank after the intermediate rolling, wherein the cooling speed is controlled to be 20-35 ℃/s.
(4) Refining: and (3) adopting a finishing mill group to finish rolling, wherein the rolling pass is 4, the rolling speed is 4.2m/s, the rolling temperature is 835 ℃, and the finishing temperature is controlled to be 830 ℃.
(5) And (3) a cooling procedure: firstly, cooling in a cooling bed heat preservation cover, and then cooling in air by taking out the heat preservation cover, wherein the temperature of steel is 747 ℃ when the steel enters the cooling bed heat preservation cover for cooling, and the temperature of steel is 529 ℃ when the steel is taken out of the heat preservation cover for cooling in air; a20 Cr steel was obtained, and the band structure diagram thereof is shown in FIG. 1.
Examples 2 to 7
Examples 2-7 were identical to example 1 except that some of the specific process parameters were different from example 1, see Table 2 for the specific process parameters.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example 1 was identical to example 1 except that the start rolling temperature and the finish rolling temperature were different from example 1, and the start rolling temperature was 1100℃and the finish rolling temperature was 870 ℃. The hardness of the tissue F+P+B is 180-210 HBW, and the band-shaped tissue diagram is shown in figure 2.
Comparative example 2
The soaking temperature in this comparative example was 1210℃and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The soaking temperature in this comparative example was 1260℃and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 4
The final rolling temperature in this comparative example was 790℃and the remainder was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 5
The final rolling temperature in this comparative example was 850℃and the remainder was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 6
In this comparative example, the temperature of the steel material was 720℃when it was cooled in the cooling bed heat-retaining cover, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 7
In this comparative example, the temperature of the steel material was 560℃when the heat-insulating cover was cooled in air, and the rest was the same as in example 1.
Performance detection
The 20Cr steels obtained in examples 1 to 7 and comparative examples 1 to 7 of the present invention were subjected to performance test, wherein the hardness test was conducted in accordance with GB/T231.2 Brinell hardness test for metallic materials; the tensile strength test is carried out according to GB/T228.1 tensile test of metal materials; the metallographic structure (transverse sampling) and the strip structure (sampling along the rolling direction) are carried out according to GB/T13299 'microscopic structure assessment method of steel'; see table 3 for specific results.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed, but on the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method for rolling 20Cr steel, comprising: taking a continuous casting blank as a raw material, and sequentially performing a heating process, a rolling process and a cooling process; the rolling process comprises the following steps: a rough rolling process, a medium rolling process, and a finish rolling process;
Wherein, in the heating procedure, the preheating temperature is 650-735 ℃, the heating temperature is 1200-1250 ℃, the heating time is 50-80min, the soaking temperature is 1220-1250 ℃, the soaking time is 40-70min, and the total heating time is 180-240min;
The initial rolling temperature is more than or equal to 1150 ℃, and the final rolling temperature is 800-840 ℃;
In the cooling step, after finishing the finish rolling step, firstly cooling in a cooling bed heat preservation cover, and then cooling in air after leaving the heat preservation cover; when entering the cooling bed heat preservation cover for cooling, the temperature of the steel is more than or equal to 730 ℃; when the heat preservation cover is cooled in the air, the temperature of the steel is less than or equal to 550 ℃;
The mass percentage of each element in the continuous casting blank is :C:0.17-0.23%、Si:0.15-0.40%、Mn:0.50-0.80%、P:≤0.035%、S:≤0.025%、Cr:0.80-1.10%、Ni:≤0.30%、Mo:≤0.20、Cu≤0.20%、Al:≤0.025%,, and the balance is matrix Fe and unavoidable impurities;
The diameter of the 20Cr steel is 30-40mm, the hardness is 150-180HBW, the tensile strength is more than or equal to 350MPa, the banding is less than or equal to 2.5 level, and the austenite grain size of the steel is more than or equal to 5 level.
2. The method of rolling 20Cr steel according to claim 1, wherein in said rough rolling step, the rolling pass is 10 to 12 passes, the rolling speed is 1 to 1.2m/s, and the temperature after rough rolling is 950 to 1050 ℃.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the intermediate rolling step, water spray cooling is performed by a water tank after intermediate rolling, and the cooling rate is controlled to be 20 to 60 ℃/s.
4. The rolling method of 20Cr steel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the finish rolling process, the rolling pass is 4 to 6 passes, the rolling speed is 3 to 4.5m/s, and the rolling temperature is 805 to 840 ℃.
5. A 20Cr steel obtained by the rolling method of the 20Cr steel as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4.
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