CN115413478B

CN115413478B - Straw crushing device

Info

Publication number: CN115413478B
Application number: CN202211373507.2A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗琳瑶; 王涵; 刘经霖; 刘怡琳; 张豆豆; 郑宇萌; 王梦瑶; 司子雯; 赵星涵; 王琪萌; 马静潇
Original assignee: Henan Normal University
Current assignee: Henan Normal University
Priority date: 2022-11-04
Filing date: 2022-11-04
Publication date: 2023-01-24
Anticipated expiration: 2042-11-04
Also published as: CN115413478A

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of crushing by using rollers, and particularly relates to a straw crushing device which comprises a rack and a moving mechanism, wherein the moving mechanism for moving the straw crushing device is symmetrically arranged at the lower part of the rack, the straw crushing device also comprises an installation support, a crusher and a cutting mechanism, the rack is slidably connected with a detachable installation support, the installation support is provided with the crusher for respectively crushing two sides of straws, and the rack is provided with the cutting mechanism for cutting off the straws and feeding the straws into the crusher. Can cut the straw that is located the orbit of reaping knife rest from the root through reaping the subassembly, the straw that cuts can empty towards the atress direction in its below because of the atress to topple over in cutting mechanism department, cut the straw through cutting mechanism, and send into breaker department with the straw that cuts and carry out the breakage, when using, need not the adjusting equipment, can be accurate reap the straw, guarantee the continuity of reaping, in order to improve the efficiency of reaping.

Description

Straw crushing device

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of roller crushing, and relates to a straw crushing device.

Background

As a clean renewable energy source, the straw has good economic, ecological and social effects, and when the straw is harvested, the straw is generally required to be crushed so as to facilitate the subsequent treatment of the straw.

Through retrieval, the patent with publication number CN111406506A discloses a working method of a modern agricultural straw harvesting and fertilizer making device, the modern agricultural straw harvesting and fertilizer making device comprises a carrier, a controller, a harvesting mechanism, a turnover mechanism and a cutting mechanism, wherein the controller is fixedly arranged at the top of the carrier, the harvesting mechanism is arranged at the top of the carrier and used for harvesting straws, the harvesting mechanism comprises a sliding assembly, three first rotating shafts and three cutting assemblies, the top of the carrier is vertically provided with a vertical plate, the three first rotating shafts are rotatably arranged at the top of the vertical plate and are arranged at equal intervals, and each cutting assembly is fixedly arranged at one end, far away from the sliding assembly, of one first rotating shaft.

The above patents suffer from the following disadvantages:

1. when the harvesting mechanism is used for harvesting straws, because the distance between the straws for planting is irregular, two cutting knives which are difficult to ensure to be oppositely arranged are accurately inserted into the two sides of the straws, the position and the angle of the device are required to be repeatedly adjusted, and the harvesting efficiency of the straws is influenced.

2. The cut straws need to be sent into the cutting mechanism through the turnover mechanism, and the harvesting mechanism needs to be in a shutdown state in the feeding process of the turnover mechanism, so that the harvesting continuity cannot be guaranteed.

3. Because the interval of two cutters is dwindled, cut off the straw root, the gas claw snatchs the first half of straw, if the curved first half in straw upper portion, the gas claw can't grasp the straw of cutting off, leads to the straw of cutting off can't send into cutting mechanism and carries out the breakage.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects that the existing harvesting equipment cannot accurately harvest, the harvesting efficiency is affected, and the harvesting continuity cannot be guaranteed, the invention aims to provide the straw crushing device capable of accurately harvesting and guaranteeing the harvesting efficiency.

The technical scheme is as follows: the utility model provides a straw crushing device, including frame and moving mechanism, the moving mechanism that is used for supplying straw crushing device to remove is installed to frame lower part symmetry formula, still including the installing support, the breaker, cut off mechanism and reaping the mechanism, sliding connection has the detachable installing support in the frame, install on the installing support and be used for carrying out the broken breaker respectively to the straw both sides, be equipped with in the frame and be used for cutting off the mechanism and be used for carrying out the mechanism of reaping to the straw in the field in cutting into the breaker the straw and sending into.

Optionally, the truncation mechanism is including the biax motor, the installation framework, the installation axle, the second driving medium, the second gear and cut the saw bit, install the biax motor in the frame, the inboard upper portion of frame is connected with the installation framework, the equal rotary type in installation framework both sides is connected with the installation axle, be equipped with the second driving medium between the first output shaft of one of them installation axle and biax motor, so that biax motor control installation axle is rotatory, two are installed epaxially and all are connected with the second gear and cut the saw bit, two second gear intermeshing, the installation rotation of axle makes and cuts the saw bit rotatory, it cuts the straw and sends into the breaker both sides respectively to cut the saw bit rotation.

Optionally, one of the mounting shafts is connected with two cutting saw blades, the other mounting shaft is connected with one cutting saw blade, and the single cutting saw blade is located between the two cutting saw blades to increase the pivot of the straw in the cutting process, so that the cutting process is more stable.

Optionally, the harvesting mechanism comprises a harvesting knife rest, a cam shaft, an elastic part and an elastic protection sleeve, the harvesting knife rest is connected to the lower portion of the frame in a sliding mode, the cam shaft is connected to the lower portion of the frame in a rotating mode, the cam shaft rotates to extrude the harvesting knife rest to do linear reciprocating motion, the harvesting knife rest does linear reciprocating motion to harvest straws in a field, the elastic part and the elastic protection sleeve are connected between the harvesting knife rest and the frame, the elastic part is used for assisting the harvesting knife rest to do linear reciprocating motion, the elastic protection sleeve is used for shielding a gap between the harvesting knife rest and the frame, and therefore the impurity card is prevented from being clamped between the harvesting knife rest and the frame and affecting the movement of the harvesting knife rest.

Optionally, a speed reduction transmission set is further included, and a speed reduction transmission set is arranged between the camshaft and the second output shaft of the double-shaft motor to enable the camshaft to rotate.

Optionally, the straw cutting machine further comprises a material guide plate, the position of the installation frame body, which is close to the two installation shafts, is connected with the material guide plate, and the material guide plate is obliquely arranged and used for guiding the cut straws.

Optionally, the straw harvester further comprises a feeding assembly, the feeding assembly comprises a transmission roller and a feeding belt, the position, close to the harvesting knife rest, of the rack is rotatably connected with three transmission rollers, the three transmission rollers are distributed in a triangular mode, one transmission roller is connected with the speed reduction transmission set to enable the transmission rollers to rotate, the feeding belt winds among the three transmission rollers, and the feeding belt rotates to convey the straw cut by the harvesting knife rest.

Optionally, the locking assembly comprises a locking block and a limiting stop lever, the upper portion of the mounting bracket is rotatably connected with the locking block, the rack is rotatably connected with the limiting stop lever, and the locking block is used for clamping the limiting stop lever so as to lock the mounting bracket.

Optionally, the breaker includes broken motor, first driving piece, crushing roller and first gear, broken motor is installed on installing support right side upper portion, the equal rotary type in both sides is connected with two crushing rollers about the installing support, distribute about two crushing rollers are, the crushing roller is rotatory in order to carry out the breakage to the straw, all install first gear on two crushing rollers, two first gear intermeshing, be provided with first driving piece between broken motor's output shaft and the crushing roller, make all crushing rollers rotatory together through first driving piece and first gear when making broken motor start.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the straw cutting device can cut off the straw positioned on the running track of the cutting knife rest from the root through the harvesting assembly, the cut-off straw can topple over towards the stress direction due to the stress below the cutting assembly, so that the cut-off straw is toppled over at the cutting mechanism, the cut-off straw is cut off through the cutting mechanism, the cut-off straw is sent to the crusher to be crushed, when the straw cutting device is used, equipment does not need to be adjusted, the straw can be accurately harvested, and the straw can be directly sent to the crusher to be crushed after the harvesting is finished, so that the harvesting continuity is ensured, and the harvesting efficiency is improved.

2. When the harvesting knife rest is operated, the harvesting knife rest can make linear reciprocating movement by the rotation of the cam shaft and the matching of the elastic part, so that the harvesting force is improved, and the harvesting effect is ensured.

3. When the straw is cut off, the supporting points of the straw can be increased through the arrangement of the two cutting saw blades, so that the stability of the straw when the straw is cut off is improved.

4. The guide plate can guide the fallen straws so that the straws can be accurately fallen to the cutting saw blade for cutting.

5. The invention is provided with the speed reduction transmission set, so that the double-shaft motor can drive the harvesting knife rest to operate simultaneously when operating, no extra driving force is required to be provided for the harvesting knife rest to operate, and the structure is simplified.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic perspective view of the crusher, the cutting mechanism, the harvesting mechanism, the feeding assembly, the locking block, the limit stop lever and other components of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the components of the crusher, the cutting mechanism, the harvesting mechanism, the feeding assembly and the like.

Fig. 4 is a schematic perspective view of the crusher of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a part of the crusher of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic partial perspective view of the crusher and the cutoff mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a part of the cutting mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 8 is a partial mechanism exploded view of the shut-off mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 9 is an exploded view of the mechanism of the mounting frame of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the frame, the severing mechanism and the harvesting mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the harvesting mechanism of the present invention.

Fig. 12 is a perspective view of the harvesting tool holder of the present invention.

Fig. 13 is a schematic perspective view of the feeding assembly, frame, reduction drive assembly and harvesting mechanism of the present invention, wherein the frame, reduction drive assembly and harvesting mechanism are part.

Fig. 14 is a schematic perspective view of the feed assembly and the reduction drive train of the present invention, wherein the reduction drive train is a part.

In the figure: 1-a frame, 2-a moving mechanism, 31-a mounting bracket, 32-a crushing motor, 33-a first transmission piece, 34-a crushing roller, 35-a first gear, 4-a cutting mechanism, 41-a double-shaft motor, 42-a mounting frame body, 43-a mounting shaft, 44-a second transmission piece, 45-a second gear, 46-a cutting saw blade, 5-a harvesting mechanism, 51-a harvesting knife rest, 52-a cam shaft, 53-a speed reduction transmission set, 54-an elastic piece, 55-an elastic protective sleeve, 6-a feeding assembly, 61-a transmission roller, 62-a feeding belt, 7-a locking assembly, 71-a locking block, 72-a limiting stop lever and 8-a material guide plate.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

A straw crushing device is shown in figures 1-12 and comprises a rack 1, a moving mechanism 2, a mounting bracket 31, a crusher, a cutting mechanism 4 and a harvesting mechanism 5, wherein the moving mechanism 2 used for moving the straw crushing device is symmetrically mounted on the lower portion of the rack 1, the detachable mounting bracket 31 is connected to the rack 1 in a sliding mode, the crusher used for crushing two sides of straws is mounted on the mounting bracket 31, and the cutting mechanism 4 used for cutting straws and sending the straws into the crusher and the harvesting mechanism 5 used for harvesting the straws in a field are arranged on the rack 1.

As shown in fig. 3-5, the crusher includes a crushing motor 32, a first transmission member 33, crushing rollers 34 and a first gear 35, the crushing motor 32 is installed on the upper portion of the right side of the mounting bracket 31, two crushing rollers 34 are rotatably connected to both the upper side and the lower side of the mounting bracket 31, the two crushing rollers 34 are distributed left and right, the crushing rollers 34 rotate to crush the straws, the first gear 35 is installed on each of the two crushing rollers 34, the two first gears 35 are meshed with each other, the first transmission member 33 is arranged between the output shaft of the crushing motor 32 and the crushing rollers 34 (the first transmission member 33 is composed of three belt pulleys and a flat belt, the three belt pulleys are respectively connected to the output shaft of the crushing motor 32 and the two crushing rollers 34 on the right side, and the flat belt is wound between the three belt pulleys), so that all the crushing rollers 34 rotate together through the first transmission member 33 and the first gear 35 when the crushing motor 32 is started.

As shown in fig. 6-9, the cutting mechanism 4 includes a double-shaft motor 41, a mounting frame 42, a mounting shaft 43, a second transmission member 44, a second gear 45 and a cutting blade 46, the double-shaft motor 41 is mounted on the front side of the rack 1, the mounting frame 42 is connected to the left side of the upper portion of the inner side of the rack 1, the mounting shaft 43 is rotatably connected to both front and rear sides of the mounting frame 42, the second transmission member 44 is disposed between the front mounting shaft 43 and a first output shaft of the double-shaft motor 41 (the second transmission member 44 is composed of two belt pulleys and a flat belt, the two belt pulleys are respectively connected to the front mounting shaft 43 and the first output shaft of the double-shaft motor 41, the flat belt is wound between the two belt pulleys), so that the double-shaft motor 41 controls the rotation of the mounting shaft 43, the second gear 45 and the cutting blade 46 are connected to both mounting shafts 43, the second gear 45 is located above the cutting blade 46, the mounting shaft 43 rotates to rotate the cutting blade 46, the cutting blade 46 rotates to cut the straw and send the straw into the crushing rollers 34 on both sides, so as to crush the straw bilaterally, one of the two second gears 45 are engaged with each other, one of the two cutting blade 43 is connected to the cutting blade 43, and one cutting blade is connected to increase the cutting fulcrum of the cutting blade 46, and the cutting point of the two cutting blade 46 is located between the cutting point in the cutting process, and the two cutting point of the two cutting process is increased.

As shown in fig. 10-12, the harvesting mechanism 5 includes a harvesting knife holder 51, a cam shaft 52, an elastic member 54 and an elastic protection sleeve 55, the harvesting knife holder 51 is slidably connected to the left side of the lower portion of the frame 1, the cam shaft 52 is rotatably connected to a position of the frame 1 close to the second output shaft of the dual-shaft motor 41, the cam shaft 52 rotates to press the harvesting knife holder 51 to make a linear reciprocating motion, the harvesting knife holder 51 makes a linear reciprocating motion to harvest the straw in the field, the elastic member 54 and the elastic protection sleeve 55 are connected between the harvesting knife holder 51 and the frame 1, the elastic member 54 is used for assisting the harvesting knife holder 51 to make a linear reciprocating motion, and the elastic protection sleeve 55 is used for shielding a gap between the harvesting knife holder 51 and the frame 1 so as to prevent impurities from being clamped between the harvesting knife holder 51 and the frame 1 and affecting the movement of the harvesting knife holder 51.

When the straw is needed to be crushed, the crushing device can be used, before the device is used, the device can be integrally transported to the field, then the device can be driven to move through the moving mechanism 2, in the moving process, the harvesting knife rest 51 can be driven to do linear reciprocating movement through the rotation of the cam shaft 52 and the matching of the elastic part 54, the harvesting knife rest 51 can cut the straw in the moving process, the cut straw is toppled towards the direction of the cutting saw blade 46, the double-shaft motor 41 can be started up before, the cutting saw blade 46 is driven to rotate through the second transmission part 44 and the second gear 45, so that the cut straw is cut through the cutting saw blade 46, and the cut straw falls into the crushing rollers 34 at two sides respectively, can start broken motor 32 and drive crushing roller 34 rotatoryly through first driving medium 33 and second gear 45 heretofore, in order to carry out crushing treatment to the straw, so, just can use this equipment to carry out crushing treatment to the straw, and when carrying out crushing treatment, can reap the straw in the field through harvesting knife rest 51, need not to reap in advance, it is more convenient to operate, simultaneously, can cut into the straw both sides and carry out the breakage in sending into both sides crushing roller 34, in order to realize the bilateral effect of carrying out the breakage simultaneously, improve crushing efficiency, when need not to use this breaker, can lift installing support 31 off and deposit.

Example 2

In addition to embodiment 1, as shown in fig. 10 and 11, a reduction transmission set 53 is further included, and the reduction transmission set 53 is disposed between the camshaft 52 and the second output shaft of the dual-shaft motor 41 (the reduction transmission set 53 is composed of a worm wheel, a worm, a large gear, and a small gear, the worm is connected to the second output shaft of the dual-shaft motor 41, the worm wheel is rotatably connected to the lower portion of the front side of the frame 1, the large gear is connected to the transmission shaft of the worm wheel, the small gear is connected to the camshaft 52, and the large gear and the small gear are engaged with each other to rotate the camshaft 52.

When the double-shaft motor 41 is started, the speed reduction transmission group 53 drives the cam shaft 52 to rotate, so that the operation of two mechanisms is realized through a single power source component, and the structure is simplified.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the straw harvester further includes material guiding plates 8, the material guiding plates 8 are connected to the front and rear sides of the left side of the installation frame 42, and the material guiding plates 8 are obliquely arranged to guide the cut straws.

When the straws are toppled over, the guide plate 8 can guide the straws so that the straws can fall on the cutting saw blade 46 to be cut.

Example 3

On the basis of embodiment 2, as shown in fig. 2, 3, 13 and 14, the straw harvester further comprises a feeding assembly 6, wherein the feeding assembly 6 comprises a driving roller 61 and a feeding belt 62, the lower portion of the left side of the frame 1 is rotatably connected with three driving rollers 61, the three driving rollers 61 are distributed in a triangular shape, one of the driving rollers 61 is connected with the reduction transmission group 53 so as to enable the driving roller 61 to rotate, the feeding belt 62 is wound among the three driving rollers 61, and the feeding belt 62 rotates to convey the straw cut by the harvesting knife frame 51.

Straw can fall on pay-off area 62 when empting, and speed reduction transmission group 53 can drive pay-off area 62 rotatory through driving roller 61 when the function, and pay-off area 62 is rotatory can carry the straw to cutting saw bit 46 department and cut to play and carry out the effect of carrying to the straw.

As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the locking device 7 further includes a locking assembly 7, the locking assembly 7 includes a locking block 71 and a limit stop lever 72, the locking block 71 is rotatably connected to the upper portion of the right side of the mounting bracket 31, the limit stop lever 72 is rotatably connected to the frame 1, and the locking block 71 is used for locking the limit stop lever 72 to lock the mounting bracket 31.

When installing support 31 in frame 1, accessible locking block 71 blocks spacing pin 72 to spacing pin 72 carries out spacingly, if need lift installing support 31 off, operation locking block 71 no longer blocks spacing pin 72, again with spacing pin 72 pull-up no longer block installing support 31, can dismantle installing support 31, so, just can be after having adorned installing support 31, spacing to installing support 31.

The above description is only an example of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. All equivalents which come within the spirit of the invention are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Details not described herein are well within the skill of those in the art.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a straw crushing device, includes frame (1) and moving mechanism (2), and moving mechanism (2) that are used for supplying straw crushing device to remove are installed to frame (1) lower part symmetry formula, its characterized in that: the straw harvester is characterized by also comprising an installation support (31), a crusher, a cutting mechanism (4) and a harvesting mechanism (5), wherein the detachable installation support (31) is connected on the rack (1) in a sliding manner, the crusher for crushing two sides of straws is installed on the installation support (31), the cutting mechanism (4) for cutting the straws and sending the cut straws into the crusher and the harvesting mechanism (5) for harvesting the straws in the field are arranged on the rack (1); the cutting mechanism (4) comprises a double-shaft motor (41), an installation frame body (42), installation shafts (43), a second transmission piece (44), second gears (45) and cutting saw blades (46), the double-shaft motor (41) is installed on the rack (1), the installation frame body (42) is connected to the upper portion of the inner side of the rack (1), the installation shafts (43) are rotatably connected to two sides of the installation frame body (42), the second transmission piece (44) is arranged between one installation shaft (43) and a first output shaft of the double-shaft motor (41) so that the double-shaft motor (41) controls the installation shafts (43) to rotate, the second gears (45) and the cutting saw blades (46) are connected to two installation shafts (43), the two second gears (45) are meshed with each other, the installation shafts (43) rotate to enable the cutting saw blades (46) to rotate, and the cutting saw blades (46) rotate to cut straws and respectively feed the straws to two sides of the crusher; one of the mounting shafts (43) is connected with two cutting saw blades (46), the other mounting shaft (43) is connected with one cutting saw blade (46), and the single cutting saw blade (46) is positioned between the two cutting saw blades (46) so as to increase the pivot of the straw in the cutting process and ensure that the cutting process is more stable; the harvesting mechanism (5) comprises a harvesting knife rest (51), a cam shaft (52), an elastic part (54) and an elastic protective sleeve (55), the harvesting knife rest (51) is connected to the lower portion of the rack (1) in a sliding mode, the cam shaft (52) is connected to the lower portion of the rack (1) in a rotating mode, the cam shaft (52) rotates to extrude the harvesting knife rest (51) to do linear reciprocating motion, the harvesting knife rest (51) does linear reciprocating motion to harvest straws in a field, the elastic part (54) and the elastic protective sleeve (55) are connected between the harvesting knife rest (51) and the rack (1), the elastic part (54) is used for assisting the harvesting knife rest (51) to do linear reciprocating motion, and the elastic protective sleeve (55) is used for shielding a gap between the harvesting knife rest (51) and the rack (1) so as to prevent impurities from being clamped between the harvesting knife rest (51) and the rack (1) and influencing the movement of the harvesting knife rest (51); the crusher comprises a crushing motor (32), a first transmission piece (33), crushing rollers (34) and first gears (35), the crushing motor (32) is installed on the upper portion of the right side of an installation support (31), two crushing rollers (34) are rotatably connected to the upper side and the lower side of the installation support (31), the two crushing rollers (34) are distributed in the left and right directions, the crushing rollers (34) rotate to crush straws, the first gears (35) are installed on the two crushing rollers (34), the two first gears (35) are meshed with each other, a first transmission piece (33) is arranged between the output shaft of the crushing motor (32) and the crushing rollers (34), and all the crushing rollers (34) are rotated together through the first transmission piece (33) and the first gears (35) when the crushing motor (32) is started.

2. A straw crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the double-shaft motor is characterized by further comprising a speed reduction transmission group (53), wherein the speed reduction transmission group (53) is arranged between the cam shaft (52) and a second output shaft of the double-shaft motor (41) so that the cam shaft (52) can rotate.

3. A straw crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the straw cutting machine is characterized by further comprising a material guide plate (8), wherein the position, close to the two mounting shafts (43), of the mounting frame body (42) is connected with the material guide plate (8), and the material guide plate (8) is obliquely arranged and used for guiding cut straws.

4. A straw crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: still including feeding subassembly (6), feeding subassembly (6) are including driving roller (61) and pay-off area (62), frame (1) is close to the position rotary type of cutting knife rest (51) and is connected with three driving roller (61), three driving roller (61) are triangular distribution, and one of them driving roller (61) are connected with speed reduction transmission group (53), so that driving roller (61) are rotatory, around having pay-off area (62) between three driving roller (61), pay-off area (62) are rotatory in order to convey the straw of receiving cutting knife rest (51) and cutting down.

5. A straw crushing apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: still including locking Assembly (7), locking Assembly (7) are connected with locking piece (71) including locking piece (71) and spacing pin (72) on installing support (31) upper portion rotary type, and the rotation type is connected with spacing pin (72) on frame (1), and locking piece (71) are used for blocking spacing pin (72) to lock installing support (31).