CN115399260A - Method for breeding tilapia with crisp meat - Google Patents
Method for breeding tilapia with crisp meat Download PDFInfo
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- CN115399260A CN115399260A CN202210917744.4A CN202210917744A CN115399260A CN 115399260 A CN115399260 A CN 115399260A CN 202210917744 A CN202210917744 A CN 202210917744A CN 115399260 A CN115399260 A CN 115399260A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
- A01K61/13—Prevention or treatment of fish diseases
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
- A23K10/38—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material from distillers' or brewers' waste
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/174—Vitamins
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/26—Compounds containing phosphorus
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding tilapia with crisp meat, which comprises the following steps: step 1, stocking fry; step 2, turning to a crisp feed feeding stage: comprises the conditions of starting feeding, feeding of crisp-turning feed for 6 days and the formula of crisp-turning feed for disease prevention ginseng medicaments every day; step 3, brittle feed feeding stage: the water temperature of the fishpond is kept between 22 and 32 ℃, and each fish is fed with more than 20g of crisp feed per day. The main characteristic of the feed is that in the feeding stage of the crisp feed, the proportion of the common feed and the crisp feed is accurately adjusted, and the feed is mixed with the feed to effectively prevent diseases, so that the problems that the difference between the crisp feed and the traditional feed of tilapia is large, and the irritable enteritis and other bacterial infections of tilapia are easily caused are solved. In the brittle feed feeding period, the brittle feed feeding is effectively controlled, the brittle effect of the tilapia is greatly improved, and the brittle period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial breeding of tilapia mossambica, in particular to a method for breeding tilapia mossambica with crisp meat.
Background
With the increasing living standard of people, new requirements on the quality and the taste of aquatic products are provided. The meat quality of the fish is embrittled, so that the meat flavor and the toughness of the fish can be improved, and the embrittlement of the grass carps is well known, but the tilapia cannot achieve the effect. In the existing aquaculture, aquaculture water bodies are relatively isolated from external environments and organisms, the biodiversity in a aquaculture system is reduced, the stress resistance and self-cleaning capability of the aquaculture water bodies are seriously influenced, and the disease resistance problem of the cultured fishes is particularly important under the aquaculture condition due to high aquaculture density, particularly the most easily-caused bacterial and viral diseases.
The national intellectual property office discloses a patent document with publication number CN110679518A, which specifically discloses the following contents: a method for breeding tilapia with crispy meat comprises the following steps: s1, selecting fish fries: selecting 2-2.5 jin of healthy tilapia fries, and stocking 1000-1200 fries per mu of fishpond; s2, cultivation: the method is characterized in that feeding amount is determined according to weather and temperature changes, feeding frequency is not less than twice per day, the feeding amount is controlled to be 1.5-3% of the weight of the fish, the ingestion time of the crisp Guifei material is longer than that of the common tilapia, the feeding speed of a feeding machine is not too fast, and the feeding amount time of each time is 2-3 hours, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: a first stage: the method comprises the following steps of feeding fish materials within 1-7 days, gradually changing the feeding of common tilapia from the common tilapia to the feeding of 'crisp Guifei' No. 1, feeding the 'crisp Guifei' No. 1 completely within 7-30 days, controlling the feeding amount of the fish materials within 5 days to be 1.2% of the weight of the fish body, gradually increasing the feeding amount to be 1.2% of the weight of the fish body after 5 days, observing the ingestion condition and health condition of the fish when 10-15 days, and gradually increasing the feeding amount to be 1.5% -2.0% of the weight of the fish body after 20 days; two stages: feeding the fish by using a crispy Guifei No. 2 material until the fish comes into the market, wherein the feeding amount of the fish is 1.5-3.0% of the weight of the fish; s3, if the tilapia catches diseases in the feeding process, reducing the feeding amount to 1.0 percent of the weight of the tilapia, mixing the tilapia with the Gandanlikang Sanhuang powder, feeding for 3-5 days, and gradually increasing the feeding amount to be normal after the tilapia recovers to be normal.
The prior art has the following defects: firstly, the embrittlement efficiency of tilapia is low in the process of meat embrittlement culture; secondly, in the stage of turning to crisp feeding, the stage of turning to crisp feeding refers to the process that the common tilapia changes from the original process of feeding the traditional feed of the tilapia to the process of feeding the brittle feed, when the tilapia starts to feed the brittle feed, because the difference between the brittle feed and the traditional feed of the tilapia is large, the irritable enteritis and other bacterial infections of the tilapia are easily caused, so that the tilapia is easy to generate intestinal diseases, and the phenomenon of acute death of the tilapia occurs, thereby reducing the output rate of the tilapia with crisp meat; and thirdly, in the embrittlement breeding process, no animal health care plan is implemented, diseases are not actively prevented, the treatment is only carried out when the tilapia is diseased, and the output rate of the tilapia with crispy meat is further reduced inevitably.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for breeding tilapia with crisp meat, which has the characteristics of high embrittlement efficiency, good disease prevention effect and high yield of the tilapia with crisp meat.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for culturing tilapia with crisp meat comprises the following steps:
step 1, fry stocking: selecting the variety and specification of tilapia, and putting the tilapia into a fishpond according to a set stocking density;
step 2, turning crisp feed to feed: in winter and spring, when the water temperature of a fishpond is 20-25 ℃ and the specification of tilapia is 1.8-2.1 jin/bar, feeding crisp-turning feed, and in summer and autumn, when the water temperature of the fishpond is 25-32 ℃ and the specification of tilapia is 2-2.3 jin/bar, feeding crisp-turning feed; the period of the crisp turning feed feeding stage is 6 days, and the formula and the feeding rate of the crisp turning feed in 6 days are as follows:
the first day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed comprising 2.8-3.2 parts of sanhuangsan, 2.8-3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing six-seventh common feed and one-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.48-1.52%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the next day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed comprising 2.8-3.2 parts of Sanhuangsan, 2.8-3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of embrittlement, wherein the embrittlement mixed feed is formed by mixing five-seventh common feed and two-seventh embrittlement feed, the feeding rate is 1.48-1.52%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
and (3) on the third day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed comprising 2.8-3.2 parts of Sanhuangsan, 2.8-3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of embrittlement, wherein the embrittled mixed feed is formed by mixing four-seventh common feed and three-seventh embrittlement feed, the feeding rate is 1.58-1.62%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the fourth day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed comprising 2.8-3.2 parts of Sanhuangsan, 2.8-3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing three-seventeen common feed and four-seventeen crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.58-1.62%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the fifth day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed consisting of 2.8-3.2 parts of sanhuangsan, 2.8-3.2 parts of multi-vitamin and 400 parts of crisp feed, wherein the crisp feed is formed by mixing two-seventh common feed and five-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.68-1.72 percent, and the feeding frequency is one time;
on the sixth day: the crisp-turning feed is formed by mixing one-seventh common feed and six-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.68-1.72%, the feeding frequency is one time, and after the sixth day, the crisp feed enters the feeding period;
step 3, brittle feed feeding stage: in the brittle feed feeding period, the water temperature of the fishpond is kept between 22 and 32 ℃, each fish eats more than 20g of brittle feed every day, and the feeding times are two times every day; and after feeding for 4 months, carrying out embrittlement detection on the tilapia in the fishpond, and taking the tilapia out of the fishpond after the tilapia embrittlement detection is qualified by adopting a spot inspection mode.
Further, in the step 3, a disease prevention scheme of tilapia is further included, the disease prevention scheme is an oral administration scheme, and the oral administration scheme is as follows: every 15 days, 1.
Further, in the step 1, a disease prevention scheme of tilapia is further included, the disease prevention scheme is an external scheme, and the external scheme is as follows: before the tilapia is put into a fishpond, quicklime is firstly used for splashing the whole fishpond in an amount of 200 jin/mu, and then water is injected into the fishpond.
Further, in step 3, a disease prevention scheme for tilapia is further included, wherein the disease prevention scheme is an external scheme, and the external scheme is as follows: in the culture process, chlorine dioxide bottom-changing disinfection is carried out on the fish pond once every 10 days, the dosage of chlorine dioxide is 500 g/mu according to the area of the water surface of the fish pond, EM bacteria is used for water adjustment on the next day after the application of the chlorine dioxide, and the dosage of EM bacteria is 20 jin/mu according to the area of the water surface of the fish pond.
Further, in the step 3, water quality detection is periodically carried out on the fishpond, water quality indexes comprise ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, a PH value, total alkalinity and water temperature, and the numerical standards of physicochemical indexes are as follows: the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.6mg/L, the nitrite is less than or equal to 0.6mg/L, the PH value is more than or equal to 7.2, and the total alkalinity is more than or equal to 120.
Further, when the ammonia nitrogen or the nitrite exceeds the standard, EM bacteria are put into the fishpond to degrade the ammonia nitrogen or the nitrite; when the total alkalinity exceeds the standard, adding a carbon source into the fishpond to carry out conditioning on the fishpond water; and when the pH value exceeds the standard, culturing phytoplankton in the fishpond to modify the fishpond water.
Further, in step 3, a specific method for embrittlement detection is as follows: randomly drawing 3 tilapia mossambica in a fishpond, cutting the dorsal muscle of each tilapia mossambica into fillets with the thickness within 1cm, putting the fillets into boiling water for boiling for 10 minutes, and then clamping and whipping the fillets by using chopsticks, wherein the tilapia mossambica can meet the brittleness requirement when the fillets are not rotten.
Further, in the step 1, the tilapia variety is gift tilapia fry.
Furthermore, the size of the fry of the tilapia is 1-2 jin/strip.
Further, the stocking density is 1000-1300 strips/mu.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the feed is mainly characterized in that in the feeding stage of the crisp feed, the proportion of the common feed and the crisp feed is accurately adjusted, and the feed is mixed with medicines to effectively prevent diseases, so that the problems that the crisp feed has larger difference with the traditional feed of tilapia and is easy to cause irritable enteritis and other bacterial infections of tilapia are solved;
in the brittle feed feeding period, a disease prevention scheme is adopted, so that the immunity of tilapia is improved, the tilapia disease is actively avoided in advance, and the yield of the tilapia with crisp meat is greatly improved;
in the brittle feed feeding period, in terms of daily feed intake, researches show that after the feed is turned crisp, each fish needs to keep eating brittle feed more than 20g each day, the muscle embrittlement process can be normally carried out, if the daily feed intake can not be reached, even if the total feed intake reaches 4-6 jin, the crisp meat tilapia can not finish normal muscle embrittlement, the feed intake of each fish per day is strictly controlled to be more than 20g, the embrittlement effect of the tilapia is greatly improved, and the embrittlement period is shortened; researches also find that the water temperature of the fishpond is between 22 and 32 ℃, the higher the water temperature is, the better the embrittlement effect is, the embrittlement below 22 ℃ can not be normally carried out, the embrittlement effect is poor at the temperature of between 22 and 25 ℃, and the temperature of between 26 and 32 ℃ is the best water temperature interval for embrittlement.
As the water quality of the fish pond is regularly detected and the water quality is timely regulated and controlled in the brittle feed feeding period, the water quality of the fish pond meets the numerical standard of the physicochemical index provided by the patent, an excellent growth environment is provided for tilapia, the tilapia can healthily and rapidly grow, and after a 4-5 month culture period, about 4.5 jin/piece of fragile-meat tilapia can be cultured.
The method has the advantages that the method for detecting the embrittlement of the Tilapia mossambica is specific, so that the crisp meat has a specific standard, the problem that the taste of the crisp meat is not unified is solved, and the quality identity of the produced crisp meat of the Tilapia mossambica is ensured.
Drawings
The invention is further described with the aid of the accompanying drawings, in which the embodiments do not constitute any limitation, and for a person skilled in the art, without inventive effort, further drawings may be obtained from the following figures:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make those skilled in the art better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, and it is to be noted that the embodiments and features of the embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other without conflict.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a method for culturing tilapia with crisp meat comprises the following steps:
step 1, fry stocking: firstly, implementing a disease prevention scheme of tilapia, wherein the disease prevention scheme is an external scheme which comprises the following steps: before the tilapia is put into a fishpond, quicklime is firstly used for splashing the whole fishpond in an amount of 200 jin/mu, and then water is injected into the fishpond; then selecting the variety and specification of tilapia, and putting the tilapia into a fishpond according to the set stocking density; the size of the fry of the tilapia is 1-2 jin/strip. The stocking density is 1000-1300 strips/mu; the tilapia is gift tilapia fries, and specifically adopts the all-male treasure tilapia fries produced by Hainan treasure way aquatic product science and technology limited.
Step 2, turning to a crisp feed feeding stage: it comprises the following contents:
starting feeding conditions: in winter and spring, when the water temperature of a fishpond is 23 ℃ and the specification of the tilapia is 1.8-2.1 jin/bar, feeding the crisp turning feed, and in summer and autumn, when the water temperature of the fishpond is 28 ℃ and the specification of the tilapia is 2-2.3 jin/bar, feeding the crisp turning feed;
the formula of the crisp-turning feed for feeding the crisp-turning feed for 6 days and the disease-preventing ginseng medicaments for each day is as follows:
the formula and the feeding rate of the crisp-turning feed in parts by weight are as follows:
the first day: the crisp-turning feed is formed by mixing 3 parts of Sanhuangsan, 3 parts of multidimensional and 400 parts of crisp mixed feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing six-seventh common feed and one-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.5 percent, and the feeding frequency is once;
the next day: the crisp-turning feed is prepared by mixing 3 parts of sanhuangsan, 3 parts of multidimensional and 400 parts of crisp mixed feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is prepared by mixing five-seventh common feed and two-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.5 percent, and the feeding frequency is one time;
and on the third day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed consisting of 3 parts of Sanhuangsan, 3 parts of multivitamins and 400 parts of crisp feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing four parts of common feed and three parts of crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.6%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the fourth day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed consisting of 3 parts of sanhuangsan, 3 parts of multivitamins and 400 parts of crisp feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing three-seventeen common feed and four-seventeen crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.6 percent, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the fifth day: the crisp-turning feed is prepared by mixing 3 parts of Sanhuangsan, 3 parts of multidimensional and 400 parts of crisp mixed feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is prepared by mixing two-seventh common feed and five-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.7 percent, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the sixth day: the crisp turning feed is formed by mixing one seventh of common feed and six seventh of brittle feed, the feeding rate is 1.7 percent, the feeding frequency is one time, and after the sixth day, the crisp feed enters the feeding period.
The common feed is a feed which is commonly used in the prior art and does not contain broad beans, and comprises the following components:
feeds for cakes such as soybean cake, peanut cake, cottonseed cake, rapeseed cake, sesame cake, sunflower seed cake, sesame cake, corn germ cake, etc.;
bran types: such as wheat bran, corn bran, rice bran, sorghum bran, etc.;
cereals and fruits: such as corn, sorghum, barley, oats, rice, etc.;
and (3) vinasse residues: such as distiller's grains, brewer's grains, powder dregs, bean curd dregs, beet dregs, etc.;
animal feed: such as fish meal, meat meal, bone meal, blood meal, dairy products, etc.;
terrestrial plant feed: such as turnip duckweed, herba Swertiae Dilutae, herba Eupatorii Majoris, spirodela polyrhiza, perennial ryegrass, sudan grass, elephant grass, and some vegetables.
The common feed can also be a combined formula of the raw materials: for example, 35% of bean cake, 30% of wheat bran, 15% of fish meal, 5% of corn, 5% of locust tree leaf, 8.5% of barley, 1% of auxin and 0.5% of salt.
The embrittlement feed is feed mainly prepared from broad beans, and comprises, for example, 50% or more of broad beans, 6.5-10% of wheat middling, 6.5-9.3% of flour, 9.7-11% of imported alcohol meal, 6.8-8.1% of bean pulp, 8-11% of rapeseed meal, 2.8-4.5% of imported chicken powder, 0.8-1.5% of calcium dihydrogen phosphate and 1.3-3% of premix.
In the feeding stage of the crisp feed, the proportion of the common feed and the crisp feed is accurately adjusted, and the crisp feed is mixed with the feed to effectively prevent diseases, so that the problems that the crisp feed has larger difference with the traditional feed of tilapia and easily causes irritable enteritis and other bacterial infections of tilapia are solved.
Step 3, a brittle feed feeding stage, which comprises the following contents:
feeding control: in the brittle feed feeding period, the water temperature of the fishpond is kept between 26 and 32 ℃, each fish eats more than 20g of brittle feed every day, and the feeding times are twice every day; in the brittle feed feeding period, in terms of daily feed intake, research finds that after the brittle feed is turned to be crisp, each fish needs to be kept to eat brittle feed more than 20g every day, the muscle embrittlement process can be normally carried out, if the daily feed intake is not reached, even if the total feed intake reaches 4-6 jin, the brittle meat tilapia cannot finish normal muscle embrittlement, the feed intake of each fish every day is strictly controlled to be more than 20g, the embrittlement effect of the tilapia is greatly improved, and the embrittlement period is shortened.
Disease prevention: the disease prevention regimen is a topical regimen comprising: in the culture process, chlorine dioxide bottom-changing disinfection is carried out on the fish pond once every 10 days, the using amount of the chlorine dioxide is 500 g/mu according to the area of the water surface of the fish pond, water is adjusted by EM bacteria on the next day after the application of the chlorine dioxide, and the using amount of the EM bacteria is 20 jin/mu according to the area of the water surface of the fish pond. In the brittle feed feeding period, a disease prevention scheme is adopted, so that the immunity of tilapia is improved, the tilapia disease is actively avoided in advance, and the yield of the tilapia with crisp meat is greatly improved.
And (3) water quality detection: regularly carrying out water quality detection on the fishpond, wherein water quality indexes comprise ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, PH value, total alkalinity and water temperature, and the numerical standard of physicochemical indexes is as follows: ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.6mg/L, nitrite is less than or equal to 0.6mg/L, PH value is more than or equal to 7.2, and total alkalinity is more than or equal to 120. When the ammonia nitrogen or nitrite exceeds the standard, EM bacteria are put into the fishpond to degrade the ammonia nitrogen or nitrite; when the total alkalinity exceeds the standard, adding a carbon source into the fishpond to carry out conditioning on the fishpond water; and when the pH value exceeds the standard, culturing phytoplankton in the fishpond to condition the fishpond water. In the brittle feed feeding period, the water quality of the fishpond is periodically detected, and the water quality is timely regulated and controlled, so that the water quality of the fishpond meets the physicochemical index numerical standard provided by the patent, an excellent growth environment is provided for tilapia, the tilapia can grow healthily and rapidly, and after a 4-5 month culture period, about 4.5 jin/strip of crisp-meat tilapia can be cultured.
And (3) embrittlement detection: and after feeding for 4 months, carrying out embrittlement detection on the tilapia in the fish pond, and taking the tilapia out of the fish pond after the tilapia embrittlement detection is qualified by adopting a spot check mode.
The embrittlement detection method comprises the following specific steps: randomly drawing 3 tilapia mossambica in a fishpond, cutting the dorsal muscle of each tilapia mossambica into fillets with the thickness within 1cm, putting the fillets into boiling water for boiling for 10 minutes, and then clamping and whipping the fillets by using chopsticks, wherein the tilapia mossambica can meet the brittleness requirement when the fillets are not rotten. The patent provides a specific brittle detection method for the tilapia mossambica with the crisp meat, so that the crisp meat has a specific standard, the problem that the taste of the crisp meat is not unified is solved, and the quality identity of the produced crisp meat of the tilapia mossambica with the crisp meat is ensured.
Example 2:
a method for breeding tilapia with crispy meat comprises the following steps:
step 1, fry stocking: selecting the species and the specification of tilapia, and putting the tilapia into a fishpond according to the set stocking density; the size of the fry of the tilapia is 1-2 jin/strip. The stocking density is 1300 strips/mu; the tilapia variety is gift tilapia fries, and specifically adopts the all-male treasure tilapia fries produced by Hainan treasure Lu aquatic technology limited.
Step 2, turning to a crisp feed feeding stage: in winter and spring, when the water temperature of a fishpond is 25 ℃ and the specification of the tilapia is 1.8-2.1 jin/strip, feeding the crisp-turning feed, and in summer and autumn, when the water temperature of the fishpond is 32 ℃ and the specification of the tilapia is 2-2.3 jin/strip, feeding the crisp-turning feed; the period of the crisp turning feed feeding stage is 6 days, and the formula and the feeding rate of the crisp turning feed in 6 days are as follows:
the first day: the crisp-turning feed is formed by mixing 3.2 parts of sanhuangsan, 3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp mixed feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing six-seventh common feed and one-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.52 percent, and the feeding times are once;
the next day: the crisp-turning feed is prepared by mixing 3.2 parts of sanhuangsan, 3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp mixed feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is prepared by mixing five-seventh common feed and two-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.52 percent, and the feeding frequency is one time;
and on the third day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed consisting of 3.2 parts of sanhuangsan, 3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing four-seventeen of common feed and three-seventeen of crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.62%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the fourth day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed consisting of 3.2 parts of sanhuangsan, 3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing three-seventeen common feed and four-seventeen crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.62 percent, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the fifth day: the crisp-turning feed is prepared by mixing 3.2 parts of Sanhuangsan, 3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp mixed feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is prepared by mixing two-seventh common feed and five-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.72 percent, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the sixth day: the crisp turning feed is formed by mixing one seventh of common feed and six seventh of crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.72 percent, the feeding frequency is one time, and after the sixth day, the crisp feed enters the feeding period;
step 3, brittle feed feeding stage: in the brittle feed feeding period, the water temperature of the fishpond is kept between 24 ℃ and 25 ℃, each fish eats more than 20g of brittle feed every day, the feeding times are two times every day, after 4 months of feeding, the embrittlement detection is carried out on the tilapia in the fishpond, and the tilapia is taken out of the fishpond after the embrittlement detection is qualified by adopting a spot check mode. Also comprises a disease prevention scheme of tilapia, wherein the disease prevention scheme is an oral administration scheme, and the oral administration scheme is as follows: every 15 days, 1. In the brittle feed feeding period, a disease prevention scheme is adopted, so that the immunity of tilapia is improved, the tilapia disease is actively avoided in advance, and the yield of the tilapia with crisp meat is greatly improved.
Regularly carrying out water quality detection on the fishpond, wherein water quality indexes comprise ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, PH value, total alkalinity and water temperature, and the numerical standard of physicochemical indexes is as follows: the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.6mg/L, the nitrite is less than or equal to 0.6mg/L, the PH value is more than or equal to 7.2, and the total alkalinity is more than or equal to 120. When the ammonia nitrogen or nitrite exceeds the standard, EM bacteria are put into the fishpond to degrade the ammonia nitrogen or nitrite; when the total alkalinity exceeds the standard, adding a carbon source into the fishpond to carry out conditioning on the fishpond water; and when the pH value exceeds the standard, culturing phytoplankton in the fishpond to condition the fishpond water. As the water quality of the fish pond is regularly detected and the water quality is timely regulated and controlled in the brittle feed feeding period, the water quality of the fish pond meets the numerical standard of the physicochemical index provided by the patent, an excellent growth environment is provided for tilapia, the tilapia can healthily and rapidly grow, and after a 4-5 month culture period, about 4.5 jin/piece of fragile-meat tilapia can be cultured.
Example 3
A method for culturing tilapia with crisp meat comprises the following steps:
step 1, fry stocking: firstly, implementing a disease prevention scheme of tilapia, wherein the disease prevention scheme is an external scheme which comprises the following steps: before tilapia mossambica is put into a fishpond, splashing quicklime on the whole fishpond according to 200 jin/mu, and then injecting water into the fishpond; then selecting the species and the specification of tilapia, and putting the tilapia into a fishpond according to the set stocking density; the size of the fry of the tilapia is 1-2 jin/strip. The stocking density is 1000 strips/mu; the tilapia variety is gift tilapia fries, and specifically adopts the all-male treasure tilapia fries produced by Hainan treasure Lu aquatic technology limited.
Step 2, turning crisp feed to feed: in winter and spring, when the water temperature of a fishpond is 20 ℃ and the specification of tilapia is 1.8-2.1 jin/strip, feeding the crisp-turning feed, and in summer and autumn, when the water temperature of the fishpond is 25 ℃ and the specification of tilapia is 2-2.3 jin/strip, feeding the crisp-turning feed; the period of the crisp-changing feed feeding stage is 6 days, and the formula and the feeding rate of the crisp-changing feed in parts by weight in 6 days are as follows:
the first day: the crisp-turning feed is formed by mixing 2.8 parts of Sanhuangsan, 2.8 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp mixed feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing six-seventh common feed and one-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.48 percent, and the feeding times are once;
the following day: the crisp-turning feed is formed by mixing 2.8 parts of Sanhuangsan, 2.8 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp mixed feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing five-seventh common feed and two-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.48 percent, and the feeding times are once;
and on the third day: the crisp-turning feed is prepared by mixing 2.8 parts of Sanhuangsan, 2.8 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp mixed feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is prepared by mixing four-seventeen parts of common feed and three-seventeen parts of crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.58%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the fourth day: the crisp-turning feed is prepared by mixing 2.8 parts of Sanhuangsan, 2.8 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp mixed feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is prepared by mixing three-seventeen parts of common feed and four-seventeen parts of crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.58%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the fifth day: the crisp-turning feed is prepared by mixing 2.8 parts of Sanhuangsan, 2.8 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp mixed feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is prepared by mixing two-seventh common feed and five-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.68 percent, and the feeding frequency is one time;
on the sixth day: the crisp turning feed is formed by mixing one seventh of common feed and six seventh of brittle feed, the feeding rate is 1.68 percent, the feeding frequency is one time, and after the sixth day, the crisp feed enters the feeding period;
researches also find that the water temperature of the fishpond is between 22 and 32 ℃, the higher the water temperature is, the better the embrittlement effect is, the embrittlement below 22 ℃ can not be normally carried out, the embrittlement effect is poor at the temperature of between 22 and 25 ℃, and the temperature of between 26 and 32 ℃ is the best water temperature interval for embrittlement.
Step 3, brittle feed feeding stage: in the brittle feed feeding period, the water temperature of the fishpond is kept between 22 and 23 ℃, each fish eats more than 20g of brittle feed every day, the feeding times are two times every day, after feeding for 4 months, the embrittlement detection is carried out on the tilapia in the fishpond, and the tilapia is taken out of the fishpond after the embrittlement detection is qualified by adopting a spot check mode.
The disease prevention regimen is a topical regimen comprising: in the culture process, chlorine dioxide bottom-changing disinfection is carried out on the fish pond once every 10 days, the using amount of the chlorine dioxide is 500 g/mu according to the area of the water surface of the fish pond, water is adjusted by EM bacteria on the next day after the application of the chlorine dioxide, and the using amount of the EM bacteria is 20 jin/mu according to the area of the water surface of the fish pond. In the brittle feed feeding period, a disease prevention scheme is adopted, so that the immunity of tilapia is improved, the tilapia diseases are actively avoided in advance, and the yield of the tilapia with crisp meat is greatly improved.
Moreover, various embodiments or examples and features of various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without being mutually inconsistent. Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and that variations, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to the above embodiments by those of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for culturing Tilapia mossambica with crisp meat is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step 1, fry stocking: selecting the variety and specification of tilapia, and putting the tilapia into a fishpond according to a set stocking density;
step 2, turning to a crisp feed feeding stage: in winter and spring, when the water temperature of the fishpond is 20-25 ℃ and the specification of the tilapia is 1.8-2.1 jin/bar, feeding the crisp turning feed, and in summer and autumn, when the water temperature of the fishpond is 25-32 ℃ and the specification of the tilapia is 2-2.3 jin/bar, feeding the crisp turning feed; the period of the crisp-changing feed feeding stage is 6 days, and the formula and the feeding rate of the crisp-changing feed in parts by weight in 6 days are as follows:
the first day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed comprising 2.8-3.2 parts of sanhuangsan, 2.8-3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing six-seventh common feed and one-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.48-1.52%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the following day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed comprising 2.8-3.2 parts of Sanhuangsan, 2.8-3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of embrittlement, wherein the embrittlement mixed feed is formed by mixing five-seventh common feed and two-seventh embrittlement feed, the feeding rate is 1.48-1.52%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
and on the third day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed comprising 2.8-3.2 parts of Sanhuangsan, 2.8-3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of embrittlement, wherein the embrittled mixed feed is formed by mixing four-seventh common feed and three-seventh embrittlement feed, the feeding rate is 1.58-1.62%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the fourth day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed consisting of 2.8-3.2 parts of sanhuangsan, 2.8-3.2 parts of multi-vitamin and 400 parts of crisp feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing three-seventeen common feed and four-seventeen crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.58-1.62 percent, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the fifth day: the crisp-turning feed is a mixed feed comprising 2.8-3.2 parts of Sanhuangsan, 2.8-3.2 parts of multivitamin and 400 parts of crisp feed, wherein the crisp mixed feed is formed by mixing two-seventh common feed and five-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.68-1.72%, and the feeding frequency is one time;
the sixth day: the crisp-turning feed is formed by mixing one-seventh common feed and six-seventh crisp feed, the feeding rate is 1.68-1.72%, the feeding frequency is one time, and after the sixth day, the crisp feed enters the feeding period;
step 3, brittle feed feeding stage: in the brittle feed feeding period, the water temperature of the fishpond is kept between 22 and 32 ℃, each fish eats more than 20g of brittle feed every day, and the feeding times are two times every day; and after feeding for 4 months, carrying out embrittlement detection on the tilapia in the fish pond, and taking the tilapia out of the fish pond after the tilapia embrittlement detection is qualified by adopting a spot check mode.
2. The method for culturing tilapia mossambica with crisp meat according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, a disease prevention scheme of tilapia is further included, wherein the disease prevention scheme is an oral administration scheme which is as follows: every 15 days, 1.
3. The method for culturing tilapia mossambica with crisp meat according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 1, a disease prevention scheme of tilapia is further included, wherein the disease prevention scheme is an external scheme which is as follows: before the tilapia is put into a fishpond, quicklime is firstly used for splashing the whole fishpond in an amount of 200 jin/mu, and then water is injected into the fishpond.
4. The method for culturing tilapia mossambica with crisp meat according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step 3, a disease prevention scheme of tilapia is further included, wherein the disease prevention scheme is an external scheme which is as follows: in the culture process, chlorine dioxide bottom-changing disinfection is carried out on the fish pond once every 10 days, the using amount of the chlorine dioxide is 500 g/mu according to the area of the water surface of the fish pond, water is adjusted by EM bacteria on the next day after the application of the chlorine dioxide, and the using amount of the EM bacteria is 20 jin/mu according to the area of the water surface of the fish pond.
5. The method for culturing tilapia with crisp meat according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, water quality detection is periodically carried out on the fishpond, water quality indexes comprise ammonia nitrogen, nitrite, PH value, total alkalinity and water temperature, and the numerical standards of physicochemical indexes are as follows: ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.6mg/L, nitrite is less than or equal to 0.6mg/L, the PH value is more than or equal to 7.2, the total alkalinity is more than or equal to 120, and the water temperature is more than or equal to 22 ℃.
6. The method for culturing tilapia mossambica with crisp meat according to claim 5, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the ammonia nitrogen or nitrite exceeds the standard, EM bacteria are put into the fishpond to degrade the ammonia nitrogen or nitrite; when the total alkalinity exceeds the standard, adding a carbon source into the fishpond to carry out conditioning on the fishpond water; and when the pH value exceeds the standard, culturing phytoplankton in the fishpond to modify the fishpond water.
7. The method for culturing tilapia with crisp meat according to claim 1, characterized in that: in the step 3, the embrittlement detection method specifically comprises the following steps: randomly drawing 3 tilapia mossambica in a fishpond, cutting the dorsal muscle of each tilapia mossambica into fillets with the thickness within 1cm, putting the fillets into boiling water for boiling for 10 minutes, and then clamping and whipping the fillets by using chopsticks, wherein the tilapia mossambica can meet the brittleness requirement when the fillets are not rotten.
8. The method for culturing fragile-meat tilapia according to any of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: in the step 1, the variety of tilapia is gift tilapia fries.
9. The method for culturing tilapia mossambica with crisp meat according to claim 8, characterized in that: the size of the tilapia fries is 1-2 jin/strip.
10. The method for culturing tilapia with crisp meat according to claim 9, characterized in that: the stocking density is 1000-1300 strips/mu.
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