CN115384298A - 具有复合行星齿轮组的混合动力变速器；以及机动车 - Google Patents

具有复合行星齿轮组的混合动力变速器；以及机动车 Download PDF

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CN115384298A
CN115384298A CN202210549344.2A CN202210549344A CN115384298A CN 115384298 A CN115384298 A CN 115384298A CN 202210549344 A CN202210549344 A CN 202210549344A CN 115384298 A CN115384298 A CN 115384298A
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planetary gear
gear set
hybrid transmission
gear
hybrid
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马蒂厄·里赫
尼古拉斯·富纳洛
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于混合动力驱动的机动车的混合动力变速器(1)，具有：可与内燃机(2)耦联的输入轴(3)；构成用于驱动机动车(20)的电机(4)；在输入轴(3)、电机(4)的转子(5)和从动组成部分(6)之间起作用地使用的变速器装置(7)，其中变速器装置(7)具有两个行星齿轮组(8、9)以及不多于四个设计用于切换变速器装置(7)的多个挡位的换挡单元(10、11、12、13)，其中第一行星齿轮组(8)的行星齿轮架(18)与转子(5)和第二行星齿轮组(9)的太阳轮(17)持久地旋转连接，以及第一行星齿轮组(8)的齿圈(14)持久地与第二行星齿轮组(9)的齿圈(15)连接。本发明还涉及具有所述混合动力变速器的机动车。

Description

具有复合行星齿轮组的混合动力变速器；以及机动车
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于混合动力驱动的机动车、如轿车、载重汽车、客车或其他商用车的混合动力变速器，具有可与内燃机耦联的输入轴，(仅)构成用于驱动机动车的电机，在输入轴、电机的转子和从动组成部分之间起作用地使用的变速器装置，其中变速器装置具有两个行星齿轮组以及不多于四个设计用于切换变速器装置的多个挡位的换挡单元。此外，本发明涉及一种具有所述混合动力变速器的机动车。
背景技术
从现有技术中已经实现混合动力变速器的不同的这类实施方案。例如，借助DE 102018 130 498 A1公开具有两个行星齿轮组和多个换挡装置的混合动力的变速器单元。
其他现有技术借助描述用于车辆的混合动力驱动系统的EP 2 146 855 B1和借助在其中使用两个电机的JP 6331058 B2公开。WO 2016/075336 A1形成其他的这类现有技术。
然而，作为从现有技术中已知的实施方案的缺点已经证实的是，迄今的变速器单元通常具有相对复杂的构造。这带来提高的制造和安装耗费以及提高的结构空间需求。混合动力变速器相对于相应的机动车的内燃机的特定的设置因此无法实现或仅相对困难地实现。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是，克服从现有技术中已知的缺点并且尤其提供一种混合动力变速器，所述混合动力变速器具有尽可能简单的构造并且紧凑地实现，同时然而应能够实现大量的不同的变速级和运行模式。
这根据本发明通过如下方式来实现，第一行星齿轮组的(第一)行星齿轮架与转子和第二行星齿轮组的(第二)太阳轮连接，以及第一行星齿轮组的(第一)齿圈持久地与第二行星齿轮组的(第二)齿圈连接。
由此，变速器装置的构造尽可能简单地保持，其中混合动力变速器总体上能够实现足够多的运行模式和变速级。
其他有利的实施方式在下文中详细阐述。
因此也有利的是，输入轴经由第一换挡单元与第一行星齿轮组的(第一)太阳轮可耦联。此外优选地，第一换挡单元构成为离合器，例如构成为摩擦离合器。由此，从内燃机朝向从动组成部分可选择适合的变速比。
此外有利的是，输入轴经由第二换挡单元与第一行星齿轮组的(第一)齿圈可耦联。由此也从内燃机朝向从动组成部分可选择适合的变速比。
第二换挡单元有利地构成为与其第一离合器组成部分相对于其第二离合器组成部分的相对转动方向无关地可切换的离合器。由此，第一换挡单元可尽可能独立地操控。
对此替选地，也证实为有利的是，第二换挡单元构成为与第一离合器组成部分相对于第二离合器组成部分的相对转动方向相关地可切换的单向离合器。在两个离合器组成部分相对于彼此的第一相对转动方向上，单向离合器锁定(闭合)，并且在两个离合器组成部分的与第一相对转动方向相反的第二相对转动方向上，单向离合器解锁(断开)。由此实现更简单地构造的离合器。
如果第一行星齿轮组的(第一)太阳轮可经由构成为制动器的第三换挡单元以固定至壳体的方式支撑，那么附加地简化构造。
因此也适当的是，第一行星齿轮组的(第一)齿圈可经由构成为制动器的第四换挡单元以固定至壳体的方式支撑。
此外适当的是，第一行星齿轮组具有两组彼此啮合以及彼此径向嵌套地设置的行星齿轮。第一行星齿轮组的两组行星齿轮因此共同地在第二行星齿轮组的(第二)行星齿轮架处支承。一组具有多个第一行星齿轮并且另一组具有多个第二行星齿轮，其中第一行星齿轮在第二行星齿轮的径向内部设置并且与其啮合。第一行星齿轮与第一行星齿轮组的(第一)太阳轮啮合并且第二行星齿轮与第一行星齿轮组的(第一)齿圈啮合。由此，变速器装置尽可能灵巧地实施，以实现尽可能多的不同的运行模式。
为了实现径向紧凑的构成方案，此外已经证实为有利的是，转子与第一行星齿轮组和第二行星齿轮组轴向错开地设置。
如果从动组成部分持久地与第二行星齿轮组的(第二)行星齿轮架连接，其尽可能直接连接于变速器装置。
如果总体上在混合动力变速器中存在(仅)三个或(仅)四个换挡单元，那么得出在需要的构件数量和机动车的有效率的运行之间的适合的折中。
在高效率和简单的构造之间的灵巧的折中也通过如下方式实现：现有的换挡单元使用和构成为，使得总体上一个挡位或两个不同的挡位在纯电动的运行模式中(在内燃机脱联的情况下)并且两个、三个、四个或五个不同的挡位在混合动力的或纯内燃机运行模式中在输入轴和从动组成部分之间可切换。
此外，本发明涉及一种机动车，所述机动车具有在驱动车桥处使用的根据上述实施方案中的至少一个的根据本发明的混合动力变速器。
换言之，因此实现具有复合行星齿轮组的专用的混合动力变速器(类型5)。所述混合动力变速器允许一个或两个电动挡位(作为前进挡位和倒车挡位)、两个纯内燃机挡位(前进挡位)和两个混合动力挡位(前进挡位；EVT)，混合动力挡位具有通过电机器(电机)可设定的变速比。专用的混合动力变速器具有两个制动器(B1和B2)、两个离合器(K1和K2)、两个行星齿轮组(辛普森轮组)和电机。具有仅一个离合器或制动器的其他构型也是可行的。
附图说明
现在在下文中根据附图详细阐述本发明，结合附图也示出不同的实施例。
附图示出：
图1示出根据第一实施例的根据本发明的混合动力变速器的示意纵剖图，其中良好地可见混合动力变速器的更详细的构造和其到内燃机的接合，
图2示出用于图解说明根据图1的混合动力变速器的不同的可切换的运行模式的表格，
图3示出根据第二实施例的根据本发明的混合动力变速器的示意纵剖图，其中与图1相比弃用在第一行星齿轮组的第一太阳轮处的构成为制动器的换挡单元，使得第一太阳轮不可与壳体连接，
图4示出用于图解说明根据图3的混合动力变速器的不同的可切换的运行模式的表格，
图5示出根据第三实施例的根据本发明的混合动力变速器的示意纵剖图，其中与图1相比弃用在第一行星齿轮组的第一齿圈处的构成为制动器的换挡单元，并且所述第一齿圈持久地与壳体脱联，
图6示出用于图解说明根据图5的混合动力变速器的不同的可切换的运行模式的表格，
图7示出根据第四实施例的根据本发明的混合动力变速器的示意纵剖图，其中与图1相比弃用在输入轴和第一行星齿轮变速器的第一太阳轮之间的构成为离合器的换挡单元，并且所述第一太阳轮永久地与输入轴脱联，
图8示出用于图解说明根据图7的混合动力变速器的不同的可切换的运行模式的表格，
图9示出根据第五实施例的根据本发明的混合动力变速器的示意纵剖图，其中与图7相比在输入轴和第一行星齿轮组的第一齿圈之间起作用地使用的换挡单元实现作为单向离合器，
图10示出用于图解说明根据图9的混合动力变速器的不同的可切换的运行模式的表格，
图11示出根据第六实施例的根据本发明的混合动力变速器的示意纵剖图，其中与图1相比弃用在输入轴和第一行星齿轮组的第一齿圈之间的构成为离合器的换挡单元，并且所述第一齿圈持久地与输入轴脱联，
图12示出用于图解说明根据图11的混合动力变速器的不同的可切换的运行模式的表格，以及
图13示出根据第一实施例的示意示出的具有混合动力变速器的机动车的俯视图。
附图仅是示意性的并且仅用于理解本发明。相同的元件设有相同的附图标记。此外要注意的是，不同的实施例的不同的特征原则上可以自由地彼此组合。
具体实施方式
借助图1至12图解说明根据本发明的混合动力变速器1的总共六个不同的实施例，其中在下文中参照第一实施例描述的构造尽可能地适合于全部实施例。在下文中因此为了简要参照其他的第二至第六实施例仅描述与第一实施例或在其之间的区别。
借助图13图解说明根据本发明的混合动力变速器1的一个优选的应用领域。混合动力变速器1在机动车20的驱动车桥24处使用。驱动车桥24在图13中构成为前车桥，然而也能够在其他实施方案中构成为后车桥。尤其地，混合动力变速器1优选地连同在机动车20的横向方向上使用的内燃机2/内燃发动机一起使用。因此混合动力变速器1连同内燃机2一起用于驱动混合动力的机动车20/混合动力机动车。
此外要注意的是，在下文中使用的方向说明轴向/轴向方向、径向/径向方向和环周方向应理解成参照混合动力变速器1的中央转动轴线23观察的方向。因此，将轴向理解成沿着所述转动轴线23的方向，将径向理解成垂直于所述转动轴线23的方向，并且将环周方向理解成沿着与转动轴线23同轴地环绕的圆线的方向。
借助图1可见根据第一实施例的根据本发明的混合动力变速器1的构造。在此变得清楚的是，在机动车20的运行状态中内燃机2借助其曲轴25(在插入减振器30的情况下)抗扭地与混合动力变速器1的输入轴3连接。输入轴3直接地构成混合动力变速器1的变速器装置7的和混合动力变速器1的输入端。
除了变速器装置7之外，混合动力变速器1具有电机4，所述电机用于在纯电动运行模式或混合动力运行模式中驱动机动车20。可见的是，存在仅一个电机4。电机4在该实施方式中轴向地在变速器装置7/变速器装置7的两个行星齿轮组8、9旁边设置，如在下文中更详细地阐述的那样。
在这方面应注意的是，即使电机4在该实施方案中与中央转动轴线23同轴地设置，所述电机在其他根据本发明的实施方案中也与转动轴线23轴线平行地设置并且此外优选地经由链或正齿轮与变速器装置7连接。
变速器装置7又作为具有辛普森组的行星齿轮变速器实现。变速器装置7具有两个轴向并排设置的行星齿轮组8、9。第一行星齿轮组8是如下行星齿轮组，所述行星齿轮组(借助其轴向中部)与另一第二行星齿轮组9相比轴向地更靠近内燃机2设置。两个行星齿轮组8、9共同地又轴向地在电机4和内燃机2之间设置。
第一行星齿轮组8具有第一太阳轮16、第一齿圈14、多个第一和第二行星齿轮26、27和可转动地支承所述第一和第二行星齿轮26、27的第一行星齿轮架18。多个沿环周方向分布地设置的第一行星齿轮26与第一太阳轮16啮合。多个沿环周方向分布地设置的第二行星齿轮27与第一齿圈14啮合。第一行星齿轮26的组在径向内部并且轴向地在与第二行星齿轮27的组相同的高度上设置。第二行星齿轮组9因此实现为双行星齿轮组。
第二行星齿轮组9具有第二太阳轮17、第二行星齿轮架19、多个在环周方向上分布地设置的与第二太阳轮17啮合的第三行星齿轮28、可转动地支承所述第三行星齿轮28的第二行星齿轮架19以及与第三行星齿轮28啮合的第二齿圈15。
此外可见的是，第一齿圈14持久地与第二齿圈15连接。
此外，第一行星齿轮架18和第二太阳轮17持久地彼此连接。此外电机4的转子5经由耦联轴21持久地与第一行星齿轮架18从而也与第二太阳轮17连接。耦联轴21在混合动力变速器1的壳体29中支承并且伸入到变速器装置7中。此外，电机4的定子31在转子5的径向外部在混合动力变速器1的壳体29中容纳。因此，电机4借助其转子5与转动轴线23同轴地设置。
此外要注意的是，第二行星齿轮架19持久地且直接地与形成变速器装置7的从而混合动力变速器1的输出端的从动组成部分6连接。从动组成部分6优选地甚至直接地通过第一行星齿轮架18一起构成。
第一太阳轮16在该实施方案中可自由转动地支承并且可选择地借助于随后描述的(第三)换挡单元12可在壳体29处支撑或者借助于在下文中描述的(第一)换挡单元10可与输入轴3连接。
为了实现混合动力变速器1/机动车20的不同的运行模式，在所述第一实施例中存在四个不同的换挡单元10、11、12、13。
两个换挡单元(第一换挡单元10和第二换挡单元11)实现为离合器从而在两个转动地可驱动/可转动的组成部分之间起作用地使用。两个作为离合器实现的换挡单元10、11分别优选地实现为摩擦离合器。
第一换挡单元10(在附图中也称作为K1)在输入轴3和第一太阳轮16之间起作用地使用。在第一换挡单元10的激活状态(闭合位置)中，因此输入轴3抗扭地与第一太阳轮16连接，而在第一换挡单元10的未激活状态(断开位置)中，输入轴3与第一太阳轮16旋转脱联。
第二换挡单元11(在图中也称作为K2)在输入轴3和第一齿圈14(从而还有第二齿圈15)之间起作用地使用。在第二换挡单元11的激活状态(闭合位置)中，因此输入轴3抗扭地与第一齿圈14连接；在第二换挡单元11的未激活状态(断开位置)中，输入轴3与第一齿圈14旋转脱联。
两个另外的换挡单元(第三换挡单元12和第四换挡单元13)作为制动器实现。因此两个作为制动器实现的换挡单元12、13用于将变速器装置7的组成部分相对于壳体29固定/支撑。
第三换挡单元12(在图中也称作为B1)起作用地在第一太阳轮16和壳体29之间使用。因此，在第三换挡单元12的激活状态(闭合位置)中，第一太阳轮16相对于壳体29支撑；在第三换挡单元12的未激活状态(断开位置)中，第一太阳轮16相对于壳体29可自由地转动。
第四换挡单元13(在图中也称作为B2)起作用地在第一齿圈14(从而还有第二齿圈15)和壳体29之间起作用地使用。在第四换挡单元13的激活状态(闭合位置)中，第一齿圈14相对于壳体29支撑；在第四换挡单元13的未激活状态(断开位置)中，第一齿圈14可相对于壳体29自由地转动。
结合图2那么示出不同的运行模式，如其可通过操控根据图1的混合动力变速器1的各个换挡单元10、11、12、13来实现。
为了在纯电动运行模式中(内燃机2/ICE脱联或断开)在电机4(在图中也称作为EM)和从动组成部分6之间实现两个不同的挡位/变速级(EM1和EM2)，第三换挡单元12或第四换挡单元13处于其激活状态中。第一和第二换挡单元10、11始终处于其未激活状态中。这两个挡位可以作为前进挡位(EM1和EM2)和倒车挡位(EM-R1和EM-R2)通过对应地驱动电机4实现(图2)。
此外在内燃机2(在图中也称作为ICE)和从动组成部分6之间可切换四个另外的前进挡位(ICE1、ICE2、ICE3、ICE4)。
在电机4不用于驱动从动组成部分6并且例如作为发电机(Gen)使用的纯内燃机的运行模式中，根据图2，第一换挡单元10和第二换挡单元11在其激活状态中或在其未激活状态中切换。第三换挡单元12和第四换挡单元13始终处于其未激活状态中。由此，两个用ICE1、ICE2表示的挡位可切换。两个挡位ICE3、ICE4也能够在混合动力运行模式中实现，其中电机4作为驱动机(Mot)切换。
借助图2可见，在挡位ICE1中，第一换挡单元10处于激活状态中，而第二、第三和第四换挡单元11、12、13处于未激活状态中。在挡位ICE2中，第二换挡单元11处于激活状态中，而第一、第三和第四换挡单元10、12、13处于未激活状态中。在挡位ICE3中，第一和第二换挡单元10、11处于激活状态中，而第三和第四换挡单元12、13处于未激活状态中。在挡位ICE4中，第二换挡单元11和第三换挡单元12处于激活状态中，而第一和第四换挡单元10、13处于未激活状态中。
在另一倒车挡位ICE-倒车中，机动车20又可选择性地仅通过内燃机2或组合地通过内燃机2和电机4驱动。为了实现所述挡位ICE-倒车，第一和第四换挡单元10、13处于激活状态中，而第二和第三换挡单元11、12处于未激活状态中。
此外要注意的是，推进运行和能量回收运行至少可在挡位ICE3、挡位ICE4和倒车挡位ICE-倒车中实现。内燃机2的负载点移动在纯内燃机运行模式和混合动力运行模式的全部挡位中可实现。
在图3和4的第二实施例中，与第一实施例相比，弃用第三换挡单元12。因此，得到数量减少的可实现的挡位。与第一实施例相比，仅一个挡位(前进挡位EM1和倒车挡位EM-R1)可在纯电动运行模式中实现。在纯内燃机或混合动力运行模式中也取消挡位ICE4。
在图5和6的第三实施例中，与第一实施例相比，弃用第四换挡单元13。因此，得到数量减少的可实现的挡位。与第一实施例相比，仅一个挡位(前进挡位EM2和倒车挡位EM-R2)可在纯电动运行模式中实现。也取消倒车挡位ICE-倒车。
借助根据图7和8的第四实施例，与图1相比弃用第一换挡单元10。因此，得到数量减少的可实现的挡位。与第一实施例相比，在纯内燃机或混合动力运行模式中弃用挡位ICE1、ICE3和ICE-倒车。
结合图9和10图解说明第五实施例，从所述第五实施例可见，第二换挡单元11也能够以其他方式实现。在该实施方案中，第二换挡单元11构成为单向离合器。因此第二换挡单元11不再与转动方向无关地、而是与在第一离合器组成部分22a(输入轴3的一侧)和第二离合器组成部分22b(第一齿圈14的一侧)之间的相对转动方向相关地可切换。在两个离合器组成部分22a、22b的第一相对转动方向中，第二换挡单元11自动地占据其激活状态(L)并且在与第一相对转动方向相反的第二相对转动方向中占据其未激活状态(UL)。其他构造对应于第四实施例的构造。
在图11和12的第六实施例中，与图1相比弃用第二换挡单元11。与第一实施例相比，在纯内燃机或混合动力运行模式中弃用挡位ICE2、ICE3和ICE4。
换言之，根据本发明提出一种专用的混合动力变速器1，其包括如下元件：两个行星齿轮组8、9，四个换挡元件(呈第一至第四换挡单元12、13、14、15的形式的两个制动器和两个离合器)以及电机4。
借助专用的混合动力变速器1的所述元件满足如下功能：两个EVT模式；两个ICE前进挡位；两个EM挡位，其能够前进和倒车使用；在停车时充电；推进和能量回收在ICE挡位中是可行的。此外不需要ICE分离离合器，因为K1和K2满足所述功能。电机4能够同轴地或轴线平行地(借助链或正齿轮)设置。简化的实施方案的一致的可行性能够通过移除一个或多个离合器K1、K2、B1、B2提供。
主要特征如下，两个行星齿轮组(8、9)，其中每个行星齿轮组8、9包括太阳轮(16、17)、行星齿轮架(18、19)和齿圈(14、15)。第一行星齿轮组8包括两级行星齿轮(第一行星齿轮26和第二行星齿轮27)；第二行星齿轮组9包括一级行星齿轮(第三行星齿轮28)。通过在第二太阳轮17和第一行星齿轮架18之间的连接和通过在第一齿圈14和第二齿圈15之间的连接，在两个行星齿轮组8、9之间存在两个持久的连接。电机4持久地与第二太阳轮17从而也与第一行星齿轮架18连接。离合器K1(第一换挡单元10)能够实现在内燃机2和第一太阳轮16之间的连接。离合器K2(第二换挡单元11)能够实现在内燃机2和第一齿圈14之间的连接。制动器B1(第三换挡单元12)能够实现阻挡第一太阳轮16。制动器B2(第四换挡单元13)能够实现阻挡第一齿圈14和第二齿圈15。
附图标记列表：
1 混合动力变速器
2 内燃机
3 输入轴
4 电机
5 转子
6 从动组成部分
7 变速器装置
8 第一行星齿轮组
9 第二行星齿轮组
10 第一换挡单元
11 第二换挡单元
12 第三换挡单元
13 第四换挡单元
14 第一齿圈
15 第二齿圈
16 第一太阳轮
17 第二太阳轮
18 第一行星齿轮架
19 第二行星齿轮架
20 机动车
21 耦联轴
22a 第一离合器组成部分
22b 第二离合器组成部分
23 转动轴线
24 驱动车桥
25 曲轴
26 第一行星齿轮
27 第二行星齿轮
28 第三行星齿轮
29 壳体
30 减振器
31 定子

Claims (10)

1.一种用于混合动力驱动的机动车(20)的混合动力变速器(1)，具有：可与内燃机(2)耦联的输入轴(3)；构成用于驱动所述机动车(20)的电机(4)；在所述输入轴(3)、所述电机(4)的转子(5)和从动组成部分(6)之间起作用地使用的变速器装置(7)，其中所述变速器装置(7)具有两个行星齿轮组(8、9)以及不多于四个设计用于切换所述变速器装置(7)的多个挡位的换挡单元(10、11、12、13)，
其特征在于，
第一行星齿轮组(8)的行星齿轮架(18)与所述转子(5)和第二行星齿轮组(9)的太阳轮(17)持久地旋转连接，以及所述第一行星齿轮组(8)的齿圈(14)持久地与所述第二行星齿轮组(9)的齿圈(15)连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力变速器(1)，
其特征在于，
所述输入轴(3)可经由第一换挡单元(10)与所述第一行星齿轮组(8)的太阳轮(16)耦联。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力变速器(1)，
其特征在于，
所述输入轴(3)可经由第二换挡单元(11)与所述第一行星齿轮组(8)的齿圈(14)耦联。
4.根据权利要求3所述的混合动力变速器(1)，
其特征在于，
所述第二换挡单元(11)构成为与其第一离合器组成部分(22a)相对于其第二离合器组成部分(22b)的相对转动方向无关地可切换的离合器或构成为与所述相对转动方向相关地可切换的单向离合器。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(1)，
其特征在于，
所述第一行星齿轮组(8)的太阳轮(16)可经由构成为制动器的第三换挡单元(12)以固定至壳体的方式支撑。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(1)，
其特征在于，
所述第一行星齿轮组(8)的齿圈(14)可经由构成为制动器的第四换挡单元(13)以固定至壳体的方式支撑。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(1)，
其特征在于，
所述转子(5)与所述第一行星齿轮组(8)和所述第二行星齿轮组(9)轴向错开地设置。
8.根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(1)，
其特征在于，
所述第一行星齿轮组(8)具有两组彼此啮合以及径向彼此嵌套地设置的行星齿轮(26、27)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(1)，
其特征在于，
存在总共三个或四个换挡单元(10、11、12、13)。
10.一种机动车(20)，所述机动车具有在驱动车桥(24)处使用的根据权利要求1至9中任一项所述的混合动力变速器(1)。
CN202210549344.2A 2021-05-25 2022-05-20 具有复合行星齿轮组的混合动力变速器；以及机动车 Pending CN115384298A (zh)

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