CN113573929A - 用于实现两种串行模式和四种并行模式的具有行星轮组的混合动力变速器单元；以及机动车辆 - Google Patents

用于实现两种串行模式和四种并行模式的具有行星轮组的混合动力变速器单元；以及机动车辆 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113573929A
CN113573929A CN202080021182.4A CN202080021182A CN113573929A CN 113573929 A CN113573929 A CN 113573929A CN 202080021182 A CN202080021182 A CN 202080021182A CN 113573929 A CN113573929 A CN 113573929A
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Prior art keywords
planetary gear
switching device
input shaft
transmission unit
gear set
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Pending
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CN202080021182.4A
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English (en)
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劳伦特·巴尤
马蒂厄·里赫
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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Publication of CN113573929A publication Critical patent/CN113573929A/zh
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/547—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a stepped gearing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于混合动力机动车辆(2)的变速器单元(1)，该变速器单元包括：输入轴(4)，该输入轴可以连接至内燃发动机(3)；行星齿轮系(5)，该行星齿轮系可以联接至输入轴(4)，行星齿轮系(5)具有第一行星轮组(6)和第二行星轮组(7)；第一电机(8)，第一电机的转子(9)旋转固定地联接至输入轴(5)；第二电机(11)，第二电机与行星齿轮系(5)的组成部分(10)联接；以及不多于四个的切换装置(12、13、14、15)，所述不多于四个的切换装置中的每个切换装置形成制动器或离合器，并且每个切换装置可以在启用位置与停用位置之间移动。切换装置(12、13、14、15)用于切换在输入轴(4)与输出轴(16)之间和/或在第二电机(11)与输出轴(16)之间作用的各种传动比。所述不多于四个的切换装置(12、13、14、15)构造成在内燃发动机(3)的驱动状态下实现四个不同的传动比并且在第二电机(11)的驱动状态下实现两个不同的传动比，从而由于其启用位置和停用位置而实现串行操作。本发明还涉及一种包括所述变速器单元(1)的机动车辆(2)。

Description

用于实现两种串行模式和四种并行模式的具有行星轮组的混 合动力变速器单元；以及机动车辆
技术领域
本发明涉及用于混合动力机动车辆的变速器单元(也称为(专用的)混合动力变速器)，该变速器单元具有：输入轴，该输入轴可以连接至内燃发动机；行星齿轮系，该行星齿轮系可以联接至输入轴，该行星齿轮系具有第一行星轮组和第二行星轮组；第一电机，其中，第一电机的转子以不可旋转的方式附接至输入轴，第二电机，该第二电机联接至行星齿轮系的组成部分；以及不多于四个的切换装置，所述不多于四个的切换装置中的每个切换装置形成制动器或离合器，并且每个切换装置可以在启用位置与停用位置之间移动，其中，切换装置用于切换在输入轴与输出轴之间和/或在第二电机与输出轴之间作用的各种传动比。
背景技术
通用的变速器单元例如从CN 109177716 A中已知。
因此，已知具有变速器、两个电机(主要用作发电机的第一电机和用作马达的第二电机)和离合器装置的系统。然而，已经在从现有技术已知的这些设计中发现的不利之处在于，由变速器指定的现有的可切换档位全部既用于内燃发动机又用于驱动电动机。因此，这些档位相同地用于内燃发动机和第二电机。然而，为了进一步优化扭矩传递的效率，已经发现的是，尽可能少的档位对于使用第二电机驱动机动车辆而言是足够的。同时，对于使用内燃发动机驱动机动车辆而言，如果内燃发动机可以经由尽可能多的不同档位联接至驱动轮，则是有利的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是消除现有技术中已知的缺点并且提供一种能够提高传动系的效率的模块化变速器单元。
根据本发明，这通过以下事实实现：所述不多于四个的切换装置构造成在内燃发动机的驱动状态下(在输入轴与输出轴之间)实现四个不同的传动比并且在第二电机的(纯)驱动状态下(在第二电机与输出轴之间的)实现两个不同的传动比，从而由于所述不多于四个的切换装置的启用位置和停用位置而实现串行操作。因此，四种模式/传动比在并行操作(第一驱动状态)中实现，在该并行操作中，内燃发动机单独地或与第二电机一起驱动机动车辆的驱动轮，并且两种串行的模式/传动比在串行操作(第二驱动状态)中实现，在该串行操作中，内燃发动机不通过经由行星齿轮系直接联接来驱动机动车辆的驱动轮，而是在该串行操作中，内燃发动机驱动作为发电机操作的第一电机，其中，由第一电机产生的电能用于驱动第二电机，该第二电机又驱动机动车辆的驱动轮。
因此，提供了一种设计特别简单并且可以作为模块紧凑地插入传动系中的变速器单元。同时，效率通过以下事实得到提高：不同数目的档位可以根据驱动状态而被切换。
其他的有利实施例通过从属权利要求来要求保护并且在下面更详细地说明。
以下解释的切换装置的有利布置结构涉及切换装置与用于在输入轴与输出轴之间作用的行星齿轮系的对应组成部分的操作性连接，其中，第一电机始终联接至输入轴，并且第二电机在输入轴与输出轴之间还联接至行星齿轮系的部件。
因此，有利的是，(不多于四个的切换装置中的)第一切换装置和/或第二切换装置被设计为离合器。这允许内燃发动机以巧妙的方式与行星齿轮系断开联接或联接至行星齿轮系。
已经发现有用的是，如果第一切换装置被设计为操作性地安装在输入轴和与第一行星轮组啮合的第一太阳齿轮之间的离合器，则使得在第一切换装置的启用位置中，输入轴与第一太阳齿轮在旋转方面连接(即可以在输入轴与第一太阳齿轮之间传递驱动力)，并且在第一切换装置的停用位置中，输入轴与第一太阳齿轮断开联接(即不可以在输入轴与第一太阳齿轮之间传递驱动力)。
就第二切换装置而言，特别有利的是，该第二切换装置被设计为操作性地安装在输入轴与第一行星轮组的(第一)行星架之间的离合器，使得在第二切换装置的启用位置中，输入轴在旋转方面连接至第一行星轮组的(第一)行星架(即可以在输入轴与第一行星架之间传递驱动力)，并且在第二切换装置的停用位置中，输入轴与第一行星轮组的(第一)行星架断开联接(即不可以在输入轴与第一行星架之间传递驱动力)。
另外，如果(不多于四个的切换装置中的)第三切换装置和/或第四切换装置被设计为制动器，则是有利的。这意味着其他传动比/档位也可以被容易地切换。
有利的是，第三切换装置被设计为作用在第二太阳齿轮的制动器，其中，第二太阳齿轮与行星齿轮系的第二行星轮组啮合，使得在第三切换装置的启用位置中，第二太阳齿轮的旋转被阻止，并且在第三切换装置的停用位置中，第二太阳齿轮能够自由旋转。
对于第四切换装置，同样有利的是，第四切换装置被设计为作用在第一太阳齿轮上的制动器，使得在第四切换装置的启用位置中，第一太阳齿轮的旋转被阻止，并且在第四切换装置的停用位置中，第一太阳齿轮能够自由旋转。
因此，所述不多于四个的切换装置特别优选地构造成在内燃发动机的驱动状态下实现四个不同的传动比并且在第二电机的驱动状态下实现两个不同的传动比。此外，有利的是，经由所述不多于四个的切换装置形成静止的充电状态，因为内燃发动机向第一电机供应驱动力，该第一电机然后用作发电机。还有利的是，所述不多于四个的切换装置还在电动模式或eCVT模式(电动无级变速器)中实现反向。
在行星齿轮系的结构的一部分上，还发现有利的是，与第一行星轮组啮合的第一环形齿轮以不可旋转的方式永久地联接至第二行星轮组的(第二)行星架，以及/或者第一行星轮组的(第一)行星架以不可旋转的方式连接至与第二行星轮组啮合的第二环形齿轮。
如果第二电机的转子固定式驱动轴(优选地经由齿轮级)在旋转方面联接至第一行星轮组的(第一)行星架，则第二电机以特别简单和紧凑的方式连接至行星齿轮系。驱动轴优选地布置成平行于变速器单元的旋转中心轴线(输入轴/太阳齿轮/行星架的旋转轴线)。
本发明还涉及一种机动车辆，该机动车辆具有：内燃发动机比如汽油或柴油发动机；以及根据本发明的根据上述实施例中的至少一个实施例的变速器单元，该变速器单元以其输入轴连接至或能够连接至内燃发动机的马达输出轴。
换言之，根据本发明，可以因此实现带有行星轮组的具有两种串行模式和四种并行模式的专用混合动力变速器。所示的混合动力变速器具有(不多于)四个离合器、两个行星轮组以及两个电机，用于实现第二电机的两个档位和内燃发动机的四个档位。
附图说明
在下文中，将参照附图对本发明进行更详细地说明。
在附图中：
图1示出了根据本发明的变速器单元的示意性截面图，该变速器单元安装在根据优选的示例性实施例的机动车辆的部分示出的传动系中，
图2示出了图示可以由图1的变速器单元切换的档位的图，以及
图3示出了根据本发明的根据图1的机动车辆连同变速器单元的示意图。
附图在实质上仅是示意性的并且仅用于理解本发明。相同的元件设置有相同的附图标记。
具体实施方式
图1清楚地示出了具有根据本发明的变速器单元1的机动车辆2的传动系25。安装在该传动系25中的变速器单元1被实现为混合动力变速器，并且替代性地，也被如此指定。在图3中，变速器单元1和传动系25的优选位置在示意性示出的机动车辆2(在此是汽车)中示出。在此可以看出，具有传动系25的变速器单元1操作性地安装在机动车辆2的前轴上。
返回图1，可以看出，变速器单元1形成呈输入轴4的形式的输入件，该输入轴联接至或可以联接至内燃发动机3，并且形成呈输出轴16的形式的输出件，该输出轴驱动地联接至或可以联接至驱动输出件，例如联接至根据图3的机动车辆2的两个从动轮26a、26b。这是内燃发动机3连同变速器单元1一起的前横向布置结构。因此，内燃发动机3的马达输出轴24(曲轴)的图1中示意性示出的旋转轴线27横向地定向成与车辆的纵向轴线近似垂直，该旋转轴线与变速器单元1的中心旋转轴线27对应。本发明当然也可以应用于纵向构型(马达变速器于前部处，变速器轴至后从驱动轮)。
根据作为混合动力变速器的设计，变速器单元1具有两级行星齿轮系5和两个电机8、11。在图1中可以特别好地看到变速器单元1的基本结构。因此，行星轮组5具有：第一行星轮组6，该第一行星轮组形成行星齿轮系5的第一齿轮级；以及第二行星轮组7，该第二行星轮组形成行星齿轮系5的第二齿轮级。第一行星轮组6/第一行星轮组6的单个(第一)行星轮28一方面与第一太阳齿轮17啮合并且另一方面与第一环形齿轮20啮合。第一行星轮组6以该第一行星轮组的单个(第一)行星轮28以可旋转的方式布置在第一行星架18上。
可以看出，第一行星架18同时地形成行星齿轮系5的第二齿轮级的(第二)环形齿轮22。因此，第一行星架18以不可旋转的方式连接至第二环形齿轮22，该第二环形齿轮22又与第二行星轮组7/第二行星轮组7的(第二)行星轮29啮合。第二行星轮组7的单个(第二)行星轮29也与第二太阳齿轮19啮合。此外，第一环形齿轮20以不可旋转的方式连接至第二行星架21，该第二行星架以可旋转的方式支承第二行星轮29。第二行星架21和第一环形齿轮20各自以不可旋转的方式直接连接至变速器单元1的输出轴16/行星齿轮系5。
第一电机8通常具有定子30和转子9，该转子相对于定子30以可旋转的方式安装。转子9以可旋转的方式接纳在定子30内。转子9以不可旋转的方式直接附接在第一电机8的输入轴4上。
第二电机11通常也具有定子31和转子32，该转子相对于定子31以可旋转的方式安装。第二电机11的转子32以可旋转的方式接纳在第二电机11的定子31内。转子32以不可旋转的方式附接在第二电机11的驱动轴23上。驱动轴23被布置成该驱动轴的旋转轴线与变速器单元1的中心旋转轴线27平行，即该驱动轴的旋转轴线与变速器单元的中心旋转轴线径向地相距一定距离。此外，驱动轴23经由齿轮级33与行星齿轮系5的呈第一行星架18和第二环形齿轮22的形式的组成部分10在旋转方面联接。
在图1中还可以看出，扭振阻尼器34原则上可以在内燃发动机3的部分上结合到传动系25中。扭振阻尼器34在此布置在内燃发动机3的输出轴16与变速器单元1的输入轴4之间。扭振阻尼器34原则上可以被视为变速器单元1的组成部分或者被视为变速器单元的单独部件。
根据本发明，在图1中，确切地、即不多于且不少于四个的切换装置12、13、14、15结合到变速器单元1中，以便于使用这些切换装置的停用位置和启用位置来实现各个传动比/档位，如图2中所示。
第一切换装置12被实现为离合器。第一切换装置12操作性地安装在输入轴4与第一太阳齿轮17之间。通过将第一切换装置12设计为离合器，当机动车辆2进行操作时，输入轴4并且因此马达输出轴24在第一切换装置12的启用位置中以不可旋转的方式联接至第一太阳齿轮17，并且在第一切换装置12的停用位置中与第一太阳齿轮17在旋转方面断开联接、即能够相对于第一太阳齿轮自由地旋转。第一切换装置12的启用位置因此是关闭的离合器位置，而停用位置是打开的离合器位置。
第二切换装置13也被实现为离合器。第二切换装置13操作性地安装在输入轴4与第一行星架18之间。因此，当机动车辆2进行操作时，输入轴4并且因此电机输出轴24在第二切换装置13的启用位置中以不可旋转的方式连接至第一行星架18，并且在第二切换装置13的停用位置中与第一行星架18以可旋转的方式断开联接、即布置成能够相对于第一行星架自由地旋转。因此，第二切换装置13的启用位置是关闭的离合器位置，并且第二切换装置13的停用位置是打开的离合器位置。
第三切换装置14和第四切换装置15被各自实现为制动器。第三切换装置14是与第二太阳齿轮19相互作用的制动器。第三切换装置14因此能够相对于机动车辆2的固定至车辆框架的区域35制动/保持第二太阳齿轮19。在第三切换装置14的启用位置中，第三切换装置14作用在第二太阳齿轮19上使得该第二太阳齿轮相对于机动车辆2的固定至车辆框架的区域35的旋转被阻止；在第三切换装置14的停用位置中，第三切换装置14被布置成使得该第三切换装置实现/允许第二太阳齿轮19相对于区域35的自由旋转。
第四切换装置15以与第三切换装置14大致相同的方式起作用。然而，第四切换装置并不作用在第二太阳齿轮19上，而是作用在第一太阳齿轮17上。
结合图2，图示了传动系25的各个操作状态/驱动状态。在第一驱动状态(并行操作)下，要么仅内燃发动机3要么由电机8、11中的一者或两者支承的内燃发动机3在从动轮26a、26b上具有驱动效果。在可以借助于四个切换装置12、13、14、15实现的四个不同的档位/传动比中，第一电机8(“EM1”)和第二电机11(“EM2”)在工作或非活动/怠速状态下能够可选地用作发电机“G”或用作驱动马达“M”。
在用于实现第一档位(“ICE档位1”)的第一驱动状态下，第一切换装置12(“C1”)和第三切换装置14(“B2”)处于其启用位置，而第二切换装置13(“C2”)和第四切换装置15(“B1”)处于其停用位置。因此，第一传动比经由输入轴4、第一太阳齿轮17、第一行星轮组6、第一行星架18、第二环形齿轮22、第二行星轮组7、第二行星架21和输出轴16实现。
在用于实现第二档位(“ICE档位2”)的第一驱动状态下，第二切换装置13和第三切换装置14处于其启用位置，而第一切换装置12和第四切换装置15处于其停用位置。在这种情况下，驱动力从输入轴4经由第一行星架18、第二环形齿轮22、第二行星轮组7传递至输出轴16。
在用于实现第三档位(“ICE档位3”)的第一驱动状态下，第一切换装置12和第二切换装置13处于其启用位置，而第三切换装置14和第四切换装置15处于其停用位置。驱动力从输入轴4传递至第一太阳齿轮17和第一行星架18两者。由此，驱动力经由第一行星轮组6和第一环形齿轮20传递至输出轴16。
为了实现第四档位(“ICE档位4”)，第一切换装置12和第三切换装置14处于其停用位置，并且第二切换装置13和第四切换装置15处于其启用位置。因此，驱动力从输入轴4经由第一行星架18、第一行星轮组6以及第一环形齿轮20传递至输出轴16。
在根据图2的第二驱动状态(“串行操作”)下，第一电机8永久地用作发电机并且第二电机11永久地用作驱动马达。因此，第一电机8用于将由内燃发动机3产生的机械能转换成电能，该电能然后例如通过电池中的中间存储供应给第二电机11作为驱动能/驱动力。根据串行操作的实现，第一切换装置12和第二切换装置13因此永久地打开/停用。总体而言，在该第二驱动状态下可以选择不多于两个档位/传动比。
第二驱动状态的第一档位(“SO ICE档位1”)通过启用第三切换装置14(而第四开关装置15被停用)来实现。因此，在第二驱动状态的第一档位中，第二电机11的驱动力从驱动轴23经由第二环形齿轮22、第二行星轮组7以及第二行星架21传递至输出轴16。
第二驱动状态的第二档位(“SO ICE档位2”)通过启用第四切换装置15(而第三切换装置14被停用)来实现。因此，在第二驱动状态的第二档位中，第二电机11的驱动力从驱动轴23经由第一行星架18、第一行星轮28以及第二环形齿轮22传递至输出轴16。
在第三驱动状态(“纯电动操作”)中，与第二驱动状态相比，内燃发动机3被关断。因此，第一电机8也不起作用。仅借助于由第二电机11预先存储的能量来供应驱动力。第三驱动状态的两个档位(“EM档位1”和“EM档位2”)以与第二驱动状态的档位类似的方式实现。
此外，可以实现传动系25的静止充电状态(第四操作状态)。在此，在内燃发动机3运行的情况下，来自内燃发动机3的驱动力被供应给作为发电机操作的第一电机8，并且在那里被转换成电能以存储在电池中。在这种静止充电状态下，所有的四个切换装置12、13、14、15都处于其停用位置。
此外，如从图2中的图可以看出，这四个切换装置12、13、14、15也可以用于实现两个反向档位/反向驱动状态(对于传动系25的第五操作状态)。这要么纯电动地要么借助于电动无级可变变速器(eCVT)成为可能。第一电机8始终是不活动的。在纯电动反向(“电动”)中，第三切换装置14被切换成处于该第三切换装置的启用位置，而第一切换装置12、第二切换装置13和第四切换装置15被布置成处于其停用位置。第二电机11用作驱动马达。在eCVT(“ecvt”)状态下，第一切换装置12被启用，并且其余的第二切换装置13、第三切换装置14和第四切换装置15被停用。然后，第二电机11用作发电机。
原则上，在所有的档位中都可以进行升压和能量回收。在内燃发动机3的所有档位中，内燃发动机3的载荷点移位也是可能的。
换言之，根据本发明，提出了变速器概念1(具有四个切换装置12、13、14、15/离合器，两个不同的行星轮28、29以及两个电机8、11)，该变速器概念允许用于电动马达11的两个档位和用于内燃发动机3的四个档位。
附图标记说明
1 变速器单元
2 机动车辆
3 内燃发动机
4 输入轴
5 行星齿轮
6 第一行星轮组
7 第二行星轮组
8 第一电机
9 第一电机的转子
10 组成部
11 第二电机
12 第一切换装置
13 第二切换装置
14 第三切换装置
15 第四切换装置
16 输出轴
17 第一太阳齿轮
18 第一行星架
19 第二太阳齿轮
20 第一环形齿轮
21 第一行星架
22 第二环形齿轮
23 驱动轴
24 马达输出轴
25 传动系
26a 第一从动轮
26b 第二从动轮
27 旋转轴线
28 第一行星轮
29 第二行星轮
30 第一电机的定子
31 第二电机的定子
32 第二电机的转子
33 齿轮级
34 扭振阻尼器
35 固定至车辆框架的区域

Claims (10)

1.一种用于混合动力机动车辆(2)的变速器单元(1)，所述变速器单元包括：输入轴(4)，所述输入轴能够连接至内燃发动机(3)；行星齿轮系(5)，所述行星齿轮系能够联接至所述输入轴(4)，所述行星齿轮系(5)具有第一行星轮组(6)和第二行星轮组(7)；第一电机(8)，所述第一电机的转子(9)旋转固定地联接至所述输入轴(4)；第二电机(11)，所述第二电机与所述行星齿轮系(5)的组成部分(10)联接；以及不多于四个的切换装置(12、13、14、15)，所述不多于四个的切换装置中的每个切换装置形成制动器或离合器，并且每个切换装置能够在启用位置与停用位置之间移动，所述切换装置(12、13、14、15)用于切换在所述输入轴(4)与输出轴(16)之间和/或在所述第二电机(11)与所述输出轴(16)之间作用的各种传动比，其特征在于，所述不多于四个的切换装置(12、13、14、15)构造成在所述内燃发动机(3)的驱动状态下实现四个不同的传动比并且在所述第二电机(11)的驱动状态下实现两个不同的传动比，从而由于所述不多于四个的切换装置的启用位置和停用位置而实现串行操作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的变速器单元(1)，其特征在于，第一切换装置(12)和/或第二切换装置(13)被设计为离合器。
3.根据权利要求2所述的变速器单元(1)，其特征在于，所述第一切换装置(12)被设计为操作性地安装在所述输入轴(4)和与所述第一行星轮组(6)啮合的第一太阳齿轮(17)之间的离合器，使得在所述第一切换装置(12)的所述启用位置中，能够在所述输入轴(4)与所述第一太阳齿轮(17)之间传递驱动力，并且在所述第一切换装置(12)的所述停用位置中，不能够在所述输入轴(4)与所述第一太阳齿轮(17)之间传递驱动力。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的变速器单元(1)，其特征在于，所述第二切换装置(13)被设计为操作性地安装在所述输入轴(4)与所述第一行星轮组(6)的行星架(18)之间的离合器，使得在所述第二切换装置(13)的所述启用位置中，能够在所述输入轴(4)与所述第一行星轮组(6)的所述行星架(18)之间传递驱动力，并且在所述第二切换装置(13)的所述停用位置中，不能够在所述输入轴(4)与所述第一行星轮组(6)的所述行星架(18)之间传递驱动力。
5.根据权利要求1至4中的任一项所述的变速器单元(1)，其特征在于，第三切换装置(14)和/或第四切换装置(15)被设计为制动器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的变速器单元(1)，其特征在于，所述第三切换装置(14)形成为作用在第二太阳齿轮(19)上的制动器，其中，所述第二太阳齿轮(19)与所述行星齿轮系(5)的所述第二行星轮组(7)啮合，使得在所述第三切换装置(14)的所述启用位置中，所述第二太阳齿轮(19)的旋转被阻止，并且在所述第三切换装置(14)的所述停用位置中，所述第二太阳齿轮(19)能够自由旋转。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的变速器单元(1)，其特征在于，所述第四切换装置(15)形成为作用在所述第一太阳齿轮(17)上的制动器，使得在所述第四切换装置(15)的所述启用位置中，所述第一太阳齿轮(17)的旋转被阻止，并且在所述第四切换装置(15)的所述停用位置中，所述第一太阳齿轮(17)能够自由旋转。
8.根据权利要求1至7中的任一项所述的变速器单元(1)，其特征在于，与所述第一行星轮组(6)啮合的第一环形齿轮(20)以不可旋转的方式联接至所述第二行星轮组(7)的行星架(21)，并且/或者所述第一行星轮组(6)的所述行星架(18)以不可旋转的方式联接至与所述第二行星轮组(7)啮合的第二环形齿轮(22)。
9.根据权利要求1至8中的任一项所述的变速器单元(1)，其特征在于，所述第二电机(11)的转子固定式驱动轴(23)以可旋转的方式联接至所述第一行星轮组(6)的所述行星架(18)。
10.一种机动车辆(2)，所述机动车辆具有内燃发动机(3)和根据权利要求1至9中的任一项所述的变速器单元(1)，所述变速器单元以所述变速器单元的输入轴(4)连接至或能够连接至所述内燃发动机(3)的马达输出轴(24)。
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