CN115384162B - 一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构 - Google Patents
一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，包裹在被保护对象外，由内向外依次包括功能型绝热层、功能型抗火面层和功能型膨胀涂料层。该抗火绝热结构在特种火灾下，形成集抗火绝热，耐火烧蚀，阻火隔断三功能于一体的防火屏蔽，延迟保护时间，保护设备、部件、电力电缆、仪控等正常运作。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，属于被动防火装置技术领域。
背景技术
根据相关法律法规，工业界重要设备和安全防护系统，需要采取极其严格的防火措施，具备被动防火保护性能，在火灾意外事故发生时，都必须维持安全目标，达到安全目的。然而，各种火灾具有不同火热烟毒特性，以升温曲线为代表，从标准火、烃类火、电力火、喷射火、池火等，对上述设备、系统有不同的损害。面对池火、喷射火、烃类火、电力火等特种火灾的极端条件，火焰温度高、升温快速、几分钟即升温至1000℃以上，串延性强，上述设备、系统的被动防火装置想要争取更长时间的保护都异常艰难。
目前，我国在特种火灾的被动防火措施方面比较落后，也没有对应标准要求，针对阀门、泵管、电缆和仪控等工业界等重要设备和安全防护系统的被动防火装置防火效果不理想，造成重大防火安全隐患，火灾发生后造成人员和财产损失。阀门、泵管、设备等钢结构外表面基本没有被动防火保护，多数设置的只是石棉类的保温层，当火灾发生时由于没有防火保护，关键阀门、泵管、设备、电缆和仪控等基本失效。阻燃电缆起不到防止电缆火灾的作用，对于重要排泄阀门等电动阀门以及电气设备，电源电缆一旦烧断，则无法保证设备安全。
发明内容
为了解决现有针对特种火灾的被动防火措施防火效果不理想的技术问题，本发明提出一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构。
本发明的技术方案：
一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，包裹在被保护对象外，由内向外依次包括功能型绝热层、功能型抗火面层和功能型膨胀涂料层。
所述功能型绝热层为无机隔热保温材料层，所述无机隔热保温材料层为硅酸铝棉，玻璃棉，气凝胶，地聚物和水泥发泡材中任一种或几种的组合。
所述功能型绝热层为有机高阻燃发泡材料层，所述有机高阻燃发泡材层为聚氨酯发泡层或酚醛发泡层。
所述酚醛发泡层为石墨烯改性酚醛发泡层，在所述酚醛发泡材料中含0.5-1.5％氧化石墨烯和0.1-0.2％聚氧乙烯蓖麻油，以质量分数计。
所述功能型抗火面层为柔性高阻燃纤维层，所述柔性高阻燃纤维层为碳纤维层、玻璃纤维层、芳纶纤维层、晴纶纤维和不锈钢纤维层中任一种。
所述功能型抗火面层为耐高温金属层。
所述功能型膨胀涂料层选自烃类火灾用膨胀型防火涂料层、喷射火灾用膨胀型防火涂料层、池火火灾用膨胀型防火涂料层、电力火灾用膨胀型防火涂料层和标准火灾用膨胀型防火涂料层中任一种。
所述功能型绝热层的厚度为30-80mm。
所述功能型抗火面层的厚度为1-5mm。
所述功能型膨胀涂料层的厚度为5-14mm。
本发明的有益技术效果：
本发明提出一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，包裹在被保护对象外，用在火灾，尤其特种火灾下起耐火烧蚀，阻绝热传的功能。该抗火绝热结构由内向外依次包括功能型绝热层、功能型抗火面层和功能型膨胀涂料层。实施时，该结构按照从内向外依次安装在阀门、泵管、设备、仪器、电缆等保护对象外。当火灾发生时最外层的功能型膨胀涂层遇到外部高温火焰放生化学反应，形成致密的膨胀碳层阻火隔热，防止火、热、烟、毒浸入内部，作为第一道防护，使得第二道防护前的温度为小于等于500℃，在火灾发生的前一个小时内起到关键作用；功能型抗火面层非常轻薄，作为第一道防护的支撑结构，具备柔软随意成型的特点，耐烧蚀性强，可抵抗高温侵蚀，保护膨胀碳层的完整性；功能型抗火绝热层，为泡沫发泡型结构，隔热性能强，耐烧蚀，利用自身厚度以及极低的热传导系数的特性将热量隔绝在被保护对象以外，保护阀门、泵管、设备、仪器、电缆、仪控等可以在火灾中依然正常使用。因此，该抗火绝热结构在特种火灾下，形成集抗火绝热，耐火烧蚀，阻火隔断三功能于一体的防火屏蔽，延迟保护时间，保护设备、部件、电力电缆、仪控等正常运作。
功能型绝热层可以选用包括硅酸铝棉，玻璃棉，气凝胶，地聚物和水泥发泡材中任一种或几种的组合的无机隔热保温材料层。也可选用聚氨酯发泡层或酚醛发泡层等有机高阻燃发泡材层。优选高阻燃发泡材层，阻燃效果更好。
更优选功能型绝热层为石墨烯改性酚醛发泡材，在市售酚醛发泡材料中加入0.5-1.5％氧化石墨烯(作为改性剂)和0.1-0.2％聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(作为表面处理剂)。改性剂和表面处理剂的含量以酚醛发泡材料的所有组分的总重量的质量分数计。解决了酚醛发泡材易粉化，韧性差，不耐磨的缺陷，同时由于石墨烯的片层结构分散在酚醛发泡材中，形成迷宫效应，阻隔外部水汽侵蚀被保护对象，可延长使用寿命，另外由于石墨烯的高散热性能，可在高温下迅速将热量传导并提高散热性能。
利用酚醛发泡液态特性，对于各种不同规格的阀门、泵管、设备、仪器外形皆可开模后浇筑成形，达到无缝接合的目的。或者上述酚醛绝热层，亦可先发泡成块后利用CNC(Computer number control，数控)切割、铣裁、磨研达成立体成形的目的。
功能型抗火面层可以以柔性的高阻燃纤维，包括碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳纶纤维、晴纶纤维和不锈钢纤维等高阻燃材依形缝合而成，未来以穿套施工并可移除，方便维修施工。芳纶纤维可选用凯夫拉(KEVLAR)。根据成本、耐火时间要求及特殊性能要求不同的情况下可选用不同的纤维层，例如：在烧蚀要求不高的情况下可使用玻璃纤维(相对成本较低)，在空间受限情况可使用芳纶纤维(易成型，轻薄，抗烧蚀性强，相对成本较高)，在有抗静电要求情况可使用碳纤维(可具备导静电功能，抗烧蚀性强，相对成本较高)，在对刚性要求高的情况下，可选用不锈钢纤维(耐烧蚀，钢性强，弯折性好)。
功能型抗火面层亦可以金属以冷作钣金、焊接、铆接成型，制造成壳安装于绝热层外。
上述功能型抗火面层外涂布一层市售膨胀型抗火涂料作为功能型膨胀涂料层，对于不同特种火灾，选用不用抗火涂层，例如慕成F-1709(烃类火灾用)、F-263(标准火灾用)、F-22899(喷射火灾用)、F-885(电力火灾用)，亦可选用Chartech、Jordan、宣威等产品。依预期耐火时间及耐火等级要求，涂布不同厚度。
根据防火等级、耐火时间、选择材料等要求，所述功能型绝热层的厚度为30-80mm，所述功能型抗火面层的厚度为1-5mm，所述功能型膨胀涂料层的厚度为5-14mm。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，用于石化业重要快泄阀烃类火灾保护的实施例的示意图；
图2为本发明的一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，用于海洋平台高温热油泵喷射火保护的实施例的示意图；
图3为本发明的一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，用于紧急电源系统线槽处电力火保护的实施例的示意图；
图4为本发明的一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，用于紧急电源系统单根电缆电力火保护的实施例的示意图；
附图标记：1-功能型绝热层，2-功能型抗火面层，3-功能型膨胀涂料层，4-阀门，5-拆卸处，6-热油泵，7-不可燃锁紧，8-电线电缆桥架，9-电缆。
具体实施方式
为了更清楚和全面的理解本申请的内容，下面将结合附图1-4和具体实施例详细说明。
实施例1
如图1所示，本实施例的一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，用于石化业重要快泄阀烃类火灾保护，密封包裹在阀门4外。该抗火绝热结构由内向外依次为功能型绝热层1、功能型抗火面层2和功能型膨胀涂料层3，总厚度为75mm。其中，功能型绝热层1为有机高阻燃发泡材料层，具体为石墨烯改性酚醛发泡材层，在市售酚醛发泡材料中加入0.5-1.5％氧化石墨烯(作为改性剂)和0.1-0.2％聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(作为表面处理剂)，通过常规发泡成型制成，厚度为60mm。改性剂和表面处理剂的含量以酚醛发泡材料的所有组分的总重量的质量分数计。功能型抗火面层2为柔性高阻燃纤维层，具体为市售耐火阻燃型芳纶纤维层。功能型膨胀涂料层3为市售慕成F-1709抗烃类火无溶剂环氧膨胀型防火涂料层。
上述一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，包裹在石化业重要快泄阀门4的外部，其施工方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、功能型绝热层制作
在市售酚醛发泡材料中加入改性剂氧化石墨烯(0.5-1.5％)及表面处理剂聚氧乙烯蓖麻油(0.1-0.2％)，按照厂商使用说明书进行常规发泡固化成块后，利用CNC切割成符合目标阀门4的形状，完成功能型绝热层1制作。
步骤二、功能型抗火面层制作
将市售耐火阻燃型芳纶纤维面料按照功能型绝热层1外形裁制成功能型抗火面层2，既能保护酚醛发泡材层，又能作为基面，便于抗烃类火膨胀型涂布剂的喷涂。
3、功能型膨胀涂料层喷涂
将功能型绝热层1和功能型抗火面2层依次无缝安装在阀门4上，其中芳纶纤维依形缝合，以穿套施工，可通过拆卸处5移除，方便维修施工。然后将市售慕成F-1709抗烃类火无溶剂环氧膨胀型防火涂料均匀喷涂在功能型抗火面层2上，形成功能型膨胀涂料层3。根据耐火时间需求，按表1选择喷涂厚度。
表1.耐火时间与膨胀型抗烃类防火涂料厚度关系
| 耐火时间 | 1hr | 1.5hr | 2hr | 2.5hr | 3hr | 4hr |
| 烃类火喷涂厚度 | 5mm | 7.5mm | 8.5mm | 10mm | 12mm | 14mm |
实施例2
如图2所示，本实施例的一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，用于海洋平台高温热油泵喷射火保护，密封包裹在热油泵6外。该抗火绝热结构由内向外依次为功能型绝热层1、功能型抗火面层2和功能型膨胀涂料层3，总厚度为75mm。其中，功能型绝热层1为有机高阻燃发泡材料层，具体为市售酚醛发泡材层，或称PF绝热层，厚度为60mm。功能型抗火面层2为柔性高阻燃纤维层，具体为市售耐火阻燃晴纶纤维层1D5D。功能型膨胀涂料层3为市售慕成F-22899抗喷射火灾无溶剂膨胀型防火涂料层。
表2.耐火时间与抗喷射火膨胀型防火涂料厚度关系
| 耐火时间 | 1hr | 1.5hr | 2hr | 2.5hr | 3hr | 4hr |
| 烃类火喷涂厚度 | 5.5mm | 7.8mm | 9mm | 10.5mm | 12mm | 14.5mm |
上述一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，包裹在热油泵6的外部，其施工方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、功能型绝热层制作
市售酚醛发泡材料按照厂商使用说明书进行常规发泡固化成块后，利用CNC切割成符合热油泵6的形状，完成功能型绝热层1制作。
步骤二、功能型抗火面层制作
将市售耐火阻燃型晴纶纤维面料按照功能型绝热层1外形裁制成功能型抗火面层2，既能保护酚醛发泡材层，又能作为基面，便于膨胀型涂布剂的喷涂。
3、功能型膨胀涂料层喷涂
将功能型绝热层1和功能型抗火面2层依次无缝安装在热油泵6上，将市售慕成F-22899抗喷射火灾无溶剂膨胀型防火涂料均匀喷涂在功能型抗火面层2上，形成功能型膨胀涂料层3。根据耐火时间需求，选择喷涂厚度。
不可燃锁紧7为该多层式膨胀型随性抗火绝热结构的片层与片层之间的连接结构，保证片层间的紧密连接，以及整个结构紧密贴合在被保护对象上。
实施例3
如图3所示，本实施例的一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，用于紧急电源系统含多根电缆的线槽处电力火保护，包裹在电线电缆桥架8和其上的多根电缆9外。该抗火绝热结构由内向外依次为功能型绝热层1、功能型抗火面层2和功能型膨胀涂料层3，总厚度为75mm。其中，功能型绝热层1为有机高阻燃发泡材料层，具体为市售酚醛发泡材层，或称PF绝热层，厚度为60mm。功能型绝热层1制作成内部具有与整个电线电缆桥架8和电缆9的外形匹配的内腔的块体，功能型绝热层1包裹在整个电线电缆桥架8的四周，将每根电缆9和电线电缆桥架8置于其内，多根电缆9分隔置于电线电缆桥架8上。功能型抗火面层2为耐高温金属层，具体为不锈钢板围成的壳体。功能型膨胀涂料层3为市售慕成F-885耐电力火膨胀型防火涂料。
一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，包裹在电线电缆桥架8以及每根电缆9的外部，其施工方法，包括以下步骤：
1、功能型绝热层制作
市售酚醛发泡材料按照厂商使用说明书进行常规发泡固化成块后，利用CNC切割成内部具有与整个电线电缆桥架8和电缆9的轮廓匹配的内腔，完成功能型绝热层1制作。
2、功能型抗火面层
将不锈钢板以冷作钣金、焊接或铆接成型，制造成壳安装于功能型绝热层1外，制成功能型抗火面层2，既能保护酚醛发泡材层，又能作为基面，便于膨胀型涂布剂的喷涂。
3、功能型膨胀涂料层
将功能型绝热层1和功能型抗火面层2依次无缝安装在放置多根电缆9的电线电缆桥架8的四周，将市售慕成F-885耐电力火膨胀型防火涂料均匀喷涂在功能型抗火面层2上，形成功能型膨胀涂料层3。根据耐火时间需求，选择喷涂厚度。
实施例4
如图4所示，本实施例的一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，用于紧急电源系统的单根电缆的电力火保护，包裹在单根电缆9外。该抗火绝热结构由内向外依次为功能型绝热层1、功能型抗火面层2和功能型膨胀涂料层3，总厚度为75mm。其中，功能型绝热层1为有机高阻燃发泡材料层，具体为市售酚醛发泡材层，或称PF绝热层，厚度为60mm。功能型抗火面层2为柔性高阻燃纤维层，具体为市售耐火阻燃型不锈钢纤维层。功能型膨胀涂料层3为市售慕成F-885耐电力火膨胀型防火涂料。
一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，包裹单根电缆9的外部，其施工方法，包括以下步骤：
1、功能型绝热层制作
市售酚醛发泡材料按照厂商使用说明书进行常规发泡固化成块后，利用CNC切割成内部具有与单根电缆9的轮廓匹配的内腔，完成功能型绝热层1制作。
2、功能型抗火面层
将市售耐火阻燃型不锈钢纤维面料按照功能型绝热层1外形裁制成功能型抗火面层2，既能保护酚醛发泡材层，又能作为基面，便于膨胀型涂布剂的喷涂。
3、功能型膨胀涂料层
将功能型绝热层1和功能型抗火面层2依次无缝安装在单根电缆9外，将市售慕成F-885耐电力火膨胀型防火涂料均匀喷涂在功能型抗火面层2上，形成功能型膨胀涂料层3。根据耐火时间需求，选择喷涂厚度。
特种火灾下防火性能测试
将实施例1-4的抗火绝热结构在特种火灾—烃类火(定义为5min温度达到1100℃)、喷射火(定义为3min温度达到1350℃)下进行防火性能测试，结果见表3。
表3.实施例1-4的抗火绝热结构的防火性能测试数据
从表3可见，将本实施例1-4提供的多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构用于被保护对象，在烃类火和喷射火焰环境下，可以保证在4小时内不脱落，保障被保护对象不受火灾影响，正常工作。
以上所述仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的尺寸和数目等都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。
Claims (2)
1.一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，其特征在于包裹在被保护对象外，由内向外依次包括功能型绝热层、功能型抗火面层和功能型膨胀涂料层；所述功能型绝热层为酚醛发泡层，所述酚醛发泡层为石墨烯改性酚醛发泡层，在所述酚醛发泡材料中含0.5-1.5％氧化石墨烯和0.1-0.2％聚氧乙烯蓖麻油，以质量分数计；所述功能型抗火面层为柔性高阻燃纤维层，所述柔性高阻燃纤维层为碳纤维层、玻璃纤维层、芳纶纤维层、晴纶纤维和不锈钢纤维层中任一种；所述功能型膨胀涂料层选自烃类火灾用膨胀型防火涂料层、喷射火灾用膨胀型防火涂料层、池火火灾用膨胀型防火涂料层、电力火灾用膨胀型防火涂料层和标准火灾用膨胀型防火涂料层中任一种；所述功能型绝热层的厚度为30-80mm，所述功能型抗火面层的厚度为1-5mm，所述功能型膨胀涂料层的厚度为5-14mm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多层式膨胀型随形抗火绝热结构，其特征在于所述功能型抗火面层为耐高温金属层。
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| CN1876740A (zh) * | 2006-07-12 | 2006-12-13 | 海洋化工研究院 | 无溶剂环氧膨胀型防火涂料及其制备方法 |
| CN101120199A (zh) * | 2005-02-11 | 2008-02-06 | 3M创新有限公司 | 用于管道防火的管道包裹物和方法 |
| WO2008116608A1 (de) * | 2007-03-24 | 2008-10-02 | Brandchemie Gmbh | Flexibles brandschutzmaterial |
| CN104592859A (zh) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-06 | 北京慕成防火绝热特种材料有限公司 | 一种可抵御烃类火灾的组合式耐火槽盒及槽盒防火板 |
| CN105238222A (zh) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-13 | 海洋化工研究院有限公司 | 一种环保型环氧膨胀型防火涂料及其制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101120199A (zh) * | 2005-02-11 | 2008-02-06 | 3M创新有限公司 | 用于管道防火的管道包裹物和方法 |
| CN1876740A (zh) * | 2006-07-12 | 2006-12-13 | 海洋化工研究院 | 无溶剂环氧膨胀型防火涂料及其制备方法 |
| WO2008116608A1 (de) * | 2007-03-24 | 2008-10-02 | Brandchemie Gmbh | Flexibles brandschutzmaterial |
| CN104592859A (zh) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-06 | 北京慕成防火绝热特种材料有限公司 | 一种可抵御烃类火灾的组合式耐火槽盒及槽盒防火板 |
| CN105238222A (zh) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-13 | 海洋化工研究院有限公司 | 一种环保型环氧膨胀型防火涂料及其制备方法 |
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