CN115383127A - Rotary electrode atomization device and method for preparing 3D printing spherical powder - Google Patents
Rotary electrode atomization device and method for preparing 3D printing spherical powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN115383127A CN115383127A CN202211094711.0A CN202211094711A CN115383127A CN 115383127 A CN115383127 A CN 115383127A CN 202211094711 A CN202211094711 A CN 202211094711A CN 115383127 A CN115383127 A CN 115383127A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/14—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes using electric discharge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
Abstract
The invention discloses a rotary electrode atomization device and a rotary electrode atomization method for preparing 3D printing spherical powder, and relates to the technical field of 3D printing spherical metal/metallurgical powder preparation, wherein the rotary electrode atomization device comprises an atomization chamber, one side of the atomization chamber is provided with a rotary electrode rod, the other side of the atomization chamber is provided with a plasma torch, one end of the rotary electrode rod is positioned outside the atomization chamber and connected with a rotary push rod mechanism, and the other end of the rotary electrode rod extends into the atomization chamber; the plasma torch comprises a nozzle at one end, and the end extends into the atomizing chamber; and an eccentricity is formed between the axis of the rotary electrode rod and the axis of the plasma torch, and the eccentricity is 0.2-0.4 times of the diameter of the rotary electrode rod. Through with the horizontal axis of plasma torch and the horizontal axis eccentric mounting of rotating electrode, ensure that plasma jet heats the even complete heating of rotating electrode tip for rotating electrode tip cavity surface melts the membrane and has invariable thickness, has reached and has guaranteed to melt the even removal of drop under the centrifugal force effect, helps forming the roughly the same metal particle's of volume effect.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of 3D printing spherical metal/metallurgical powder preparation, in particular to a rotary electrode atomization device and a rotary electrode atomization method for preparing 3D printing spherical powder.
Background
Spherical metal powder is an important raw material for 3D metal printing technology. The centrifugal atomization method represented by the plasma rotary electrode atomization method (PREP) has advantages of good sphericity of the obtained powder and narrow particle size distribution range, but has problems of coarse powder and low yield of fine powder. The main reason is that the improvement of centrifugal force is limited because the large-diameter bar rotates at high speed, and the stability of plasma airflow is also obviously influenced due to the irregular geometric shape of the arc channel profile caused by the high-temperature corrosion of the plasma torch nozzle, so that the quality of the prepared spherical powder is reduced.
Patent CN109940167B discloses a rotary electrode powder-making device, which comprises an atomization chamber, a driving mechanism, a melting heat source and an atomization structure; the tubular part of the atomizing structure is sleeved on the outer surface of the cylindrical metal bar in a clearance mounting mode and used for generating gas opposite to the rotating direction of the metal bar and crushing metal liquid drops formed by melting the end part of the rotating metal bar so as to obtain metal powder with fine grain diameter. However, the device is complex in design, and when the diameters of the metal bars are different, the atomization structure of the metal bars is also adjusted correspondingly. Patent CN114226740A discloses a centrifugal atomization powder making device, which is characterized in that a high-speed rotating turntable is coaxially installed outside a rotating metal bar, and molten drops flying off the bar due to centrifugal force are secondarily atomized after impacting the turntable, so that the fine powder rate is improved. However, the device is actually a combination of rotary turntable atomization and rotary electrode atomization methods, and the problem of deformation of the rotary turntable is easy to occur in the implementation process. In addition, the existing PREP methods all use a plasma torch axis mounted in alignment with the rotating electrode axis. Because the diameter of the plasma jet is difficult to control, when the diameter of the plasma jet is smaller than that of the rotating electrode, the end part of the rotating electrode is heated unevenly, so that the particle size distribution of the obtained particles is wide, and the yield of fine powder is influenced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rotary electrode atomization device for preparing 3D printing spherical powder, which ensures that plasma jet can uniformly and completely heat the end part of a rotary electrode by eccentrically mounting the horizontal axis of a plasma torch and the horizontal axis of the rotary electrode, so that a molten film on the surface of a concave cavity at the end part of the rotary electrode has constant thickness, molten drops can uniformly move under the action of centrifugal force, and metal particles with approximately the same volume can be formed.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a rotary electrode atomization device for preparing 3D printing spherical powder comprises an atomization chamber, a rotary electrode rod is arranged on one side of the atomization chamber, a plasma torch is arranged on the other side of the atomization chamber,
one end of the rotary electrode rod is positioned outside the atomizing chamber and is connected with the rotary push rod mechanism, and the other end of the rotary electrode rod extends into the atomizing chamber; the plasma torch comprises a nozzle at one end, and the end extends into the atomizing chamber; and an eccentricity is formed between the axis of the rotary electrode rod and the axis of the plasma torch, and the eccentricity is 0.2-0.4 times of the diameter of the rotary electrode rod.
Furthermore, the nozzle is cooled by air cooling and is made of high-temperature resistant metal material with high heat dissipation performance.
Furthermore, a high-temperature-resistant metal bushing is coaxially arranged in the nozzle and used for adjusting the contour geometry of the plasma arc channel.
Further, the bushing has a groove in its outer surface that forms an interference fit with the tapered surface of the nozzle interior.
Still further, the bushing is of a conical structure and has an opening angle of 10 ° to 60 °.
Further, the bushing diameter is 0.2-0.8 times the diameter of the rotating electrode rod.
Furthermore, the atomizing chamber is of a vertical structure and comprises a side wall, the side wall is a water-cooling metal wall, and the inside of the atomizing chamber is filled with inert gas.
Further, the spacing between the end of the rotating electrode rod and the nozzle of the plasma torch is between 10 and 30mm.
Further, the diameter of the rotating electrode rod is 40-100mm.
The invention aims to provide a rotary electrode atomization device and a rotary electrode atomization method for preparing 3D printing spherical powder, which not only use a centrifugal atomization principle, but also ensure that plasma jet uniformly and completely heats the end part of a rotary electrode by virtue of eccentric installation between the rotary electrode and a plasma torch.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a rotary electrode atomization method for preparing 3D printing spherical powder comprises the following steps:
and 3, rapidly cooling the molten drops in a protective atmosphere, crystallizing the molten drops into spherical particles, and allowing the spherical particles to fall into a collecting device under the action of gravity.
In conclusion, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the horizontal axis of the plasma torch and the horizontal axis of the rotating electrode are eccentrically arranged, so that plasma jet can uniformly and completely heat the end part of the rotating electrode, a molten film on the surface of a concave cavity at the end part of the rotating electrode has constant thickness, molten drops can uniformly move under the action of centrifugal force, and metal particles with approximately the same volume can be formed;
2. the liner made of high-temperature-resistant metal improves the heat efficiency of the plasma generator, further improves the temperature of a molten film, reduces the surface tension of a melt, is easier to obtain smaller molten drops under the same centrifugal force action, and improves the yield of fine powder;
3. the nozzle is protected by the bushing made of high-temperature-resistant metal, so that the problems that nozzle body particles enter an atomization area due to high-temperature corrosion, the powder is polluted, and the quality of the obtained spherical powder is reduced are solved;
4. the spacing between the end of the rotating electrode rod and the plasma torch nozzle within a fixed range and the proposed geometry of the arc channel of the plasma torch nozzle ensure stability of the thermal equilibrium within the atomizing zone, and therefore the resulting particles have a stable, uniform, predictable particle size distribution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of a plasma nozzle portion in the present invention.
In the figure, 1, an atomizing chamber; 2. rotating the push rod mechanism; 3. rotating the electrode rod; 4. a plasma torch; 5. a dynamic seal bearing; 6. eccentricity; 7. a nozzle; 8. a bushing; 9. a groove; 10. a side wall; 11. a working distance; 12. ion jet flow; 13. spherical particles.
Detailed Description
The following description will further describe the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, which are not intended to limit the present invention.
The utility model provides a preparation 3D prints spherical powder's rotary electrode atomizing device, as shown in figure 1, includes atomizer chamber 1, and atomizer chamber 1 is vertical structure, includes that lateral wall 10 and lateral wall 10 are water-cooling metal wall, and inside is full of inert gas argon gas.
As shown in fig. 1, one side of an atomizing chamber 1 is provided with a dynamic seal bearing 5, a rotary electrode bar 3 is horizontally arranged through the dynamic seal bearing 5, and the other side is horizontally provided with a plasma torch 4;
the diameter of the rotary electrode rod 3 is 40-100mm, one end of the rotary electrode rod is positioned outside the atomizing chamber 1 and is connected with the rotary push rod mechanism 2, the other end of the rotary electrode rod mechanism extends into the atomizing chamber 1, the rotary push rod mechanism 2 can rotate through motor driving, the bottom screw rod drives the whole moving mode to realize the rotation and the axial movement of the rotary electrode rod 3, and other existing rotary push rod devices can be used.
As shown in fig. 2, the plasma torch 4 has a power range of 75-150kW and includes a nozzle 7 at one end which extends into the atomizing chamber 1; the nozzle 7 is cooled by air cooling and is made of a high temperature resistant metal material with high heat dissipation, in this embodiment, a red copper material.
As shown in fig. 2, a high temperature resistant metal bushing 8 is coaxially and detachably mounted in the nozzle 7 for adjusting the contour geometry of the plasma arc channel; the outer surface of the bush 8 is provided with a groove 9 which is in interference fit with the conical surface in the nozzle 7, and other fixing modes can be selected; the bushing 8 is of a conical structure, and has an opening angle of 10 ° to 60 °, in this embodiment, the bushing is made of high-temperature-resistant molybdenum metal, and the opening angle is 40 °.
As shown in fig. 2, the diameter of the liner 8 is 0.2 to 0.8 times the diameter of the rotating electrode rod 3 to control the diameter of the plasma jet 12 to 0.2 to 0.8 times (in the present embodiment, 0.5 times) the diameter of the rotating electrode rod 3.
As shown in fig. 1, an eccentricity 6 is arranged between the axis of the rotating electrode rod 3 and the axis of the plasma torch 4, and the eccentricity 6 is 0.2-0.4 times (in the embodiment, 0.25 times) of the diameter of the rotating electrode rod 3;
the working distance 11 between the end of the rotating electrode rod 3 and the nozzle 7 of the plasma torch 4 is between 10 and 30mm.
The invention also provides a rotary electrode atomization method for preparing 3D printing spherical powder, as shown in figure 1, the atomization mechanism is realized by not only using the centrifugal atomization principle, but also ensuring that the plasma jet 12 uniformly and completely heats the end part of the rotary electrode through the eccentric installation between the rotary electrode and the plasma torch 4, and the method comprises the following steps:
The nickel-based alloy, the titanium alloy and the stainless steel spherical metal powder prepared by the method have good circularity, the particle size distribution is mainly concentrated to be less than 100 mu m, and the yield of fine powder of less than 50 mu m is greatly improved.
Example 1:
rotating an electrode rod 3 with the diameter of 70mm by taking TC4 as a raw material, the length of the electrode rod is 450mm, rotating at the rotating speed of 25000rpm, filling argon as a protective atmosphere into an atomizing chamber 1, setting the current to 1000A and the voltage to 85V after an arc starts from a plasma torch 4, setting the eccentric distance between the axis of the plasma torch 4 and the axis of the rotating electrode to be 28mm, setting the distance between a nozzle 7 bushing of the plasma torch 4 and the end face of the rotating electrode to be 30mm, collecting the average particle size of finished product powder after the step S2 and the step S3 to be 76 mu m and the theoretical average particle size of less than 77 mu m, controlling the powder yield of less than 100 mu m in the finished product powder to be 86wt.%, and controlling the powder yield of less than 50 mu m in the finished product powder to be 9.5wt.%.
Example 2:
the method comprises the steps of taking 310S stainless steel as a rotary electrode rod 3 with the raw material diameter of 80mm, enabling the rotary electrode rod to be 620mm in length and rotate at the rotating speed of 22000rpm, filling argon as protective atmosphere into an atomizing chamber 1, setting the current to 1000A and the voltage to 80V after an arc starts from a plasma torch 4, enabling the eccentric distance between the axis of the plasma torch 4 and the axis of the rotary electrode to be 20mm, enabling a nozzle 7 liner of the plasma torch 4 to be 15mm away from the end face of the rotary electrode, collecting the average particle size of finished product powder after the step S2 and the step S3 to be 58 mu m and the theoretical average particle size of the finished product powder to be 71 mu m, enabling the powder yield of the finished product powder to be smaller than 83.5 mu m to be 90 wt%, and enabling the powder yield of the finished product powder to be smaller than 32 mu m to be 10 wt%.
Example 3:
the method comprises the steps of taking nickel-based alloy as a raw material, setting the diameter of a rotary electrode rod 3 to be 80mm, setting the length of the rotary electrode rod to be 500mm, rotating at the rotating speed of 20000rpm, filling argon as protective atmosphere into an atomizing chamber 1, setting the current to be 1200A and the voltage to be 80V after an arc of a plasma torch 4 is started, setting the eccentric distance between the axis of the plasma torch 4 and the axis of the rotary electrode to be 16mm, setting the distance between a nozzle 7 bushing 8 of the plasma torch 4 and the end face of the rotary electrode to be 30mm, collecting the average particle size of finished product powder to be 68 mu m and the theoretical average particle size of less than 72.5 mu m after the step S2 and the step S3, controlling the yield of less than 103 mu m in the finished product powder to be 85 wt%, and controlling the yield of less than 45 mu m in the finished product powder to be 10.3 wt%.
The spherical metal powder obtained by the preparation method has narrower grain size particles, the yield of fine powder is high, the problem of lower yield of the spherical metal powder with the fine grain size prepared by a common plasma rotating electrode method is solved, and the principle is as follows:
1. the diameter of the plasma jet 12 is controlled to be 0.2-0.8 times of the diameter of the rotary electrode rod 3 by adopting the high-temperature-resistant bushing 8, and the plasma jet 12 is ensured to uniformly and completely heat the end part of the rotary electrode rod by virtue of the eccentric installation between the rotary electrode and the plasma torch 4, a concave cavity is formed on the concave cavity, a uniform molten film with the thickness of about 10-70 mu m is formed on the concave cavity, molten drops uniformly move on the molten film to the periphery of the end part in a spiral curve track, the molten drops with uniform volume are gathered at the junction of the end surface and the cylindrical surface, a liquid metal annular crown rotating together with the electrode is formed due to the surface tension, uniform spherical particles 13 appear on the crown part under the action of centrifugal force, and when the uniform spherical particles are separated from the crown part, the uniform spherical particles have the same volume, and spherical particles 13 with very similar sizes are generated.
2. The refractory metal has a lower thermal conductivity than the material of the nozzle 7. Therefore, the temperature difference between the wall of the bushing 8 made of the high-temperature resistant metal and the high-temperature gas mixture is small, compared with the nozzle 7 without the high-temperature resistant bushing 8, the heat content of the plasma jet is increased by 20-30%, and the heat efficiency of the plasma generator is improved; the temperature of a molten film on the concave cavity at the end part of the rotary electrode is also increased, so that the surface tension of the melt is reduced, the surface tension of the melt is overcome as the upper limit of the granularity of the powder obtained by atomization, and the yield of the fine powder is greatly improved compared with that of the traditional centrifugal atomization rotary electrode method.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof without departing from the scope of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a preparation 3D prints spherical powder's rotating electrode atomizing device, includes the atomizer chamber, and atomizer chamber one side is equipped with the rotating electrode stick, and the opposite side is equipped with plasma torch, its characterized in that:
one end of the rotary electrode rod is positioned outside the atomizing chamber and is connected with the rotary push rod mechanism, and the other end of the rotary electrode rod extends into the atomizing chamber; the plasma torch comprises a nozzle at one end, and the end extends into the atomizing chamber; and an eccentricity is formed between the axis of the rotary electrode rod and the axis of the plasma torch, and the eccentricity is 0.2-0.4 times of the diameter of the rotary electrode rod.
2. The rotary electrode atomization device for preparing 3D printing spherical powder according to claim 1, wherein: the nozzle is cooled in an air cooling mode and is made of high-temperature resistant metal materials with high heat dissipation performance.
3. The rotary electrode atomization device for preparing 3D printing spherical powder according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: and a high-temperature-resistant metal bushing is coaxially arranged in the nozzle and used for adjusting the outline geometry of the plasma arc channel.
4. The rotary electrode atomization device for preparing 3D printing spherical powder according to claim 3, wherein the rotary electrode atomization device comprises: the outer surface of the bushing is provided with a groove which forms interference fit with the conical surface inside the nozzle.
5. The rotary electrode atomization device for preparing 3D printing spherical powder according to claim 3, wherein the rotary electrode atomization device comprises: the bushing is of a conical structure, and the opening angle is 10-60 degrees.
6. The rotary electrode atomization device for preparing 3D printing spherical powder according to claim 3, wherein the rotary electrode atomization device comprises: the diameter of the bushing is 0.2-0.8 times of the diameter of the rotary electrode rod.
7. The rotary electrode atomization device for preparing 3D printing spherical powder according to claim 1, wherein: the atomizing chamber is of a vertical structure and comprises a side wall and a water-cooling metal wall, and inert gas is filled inside the atomizing chamber.
8. The rotary electrode atomization device for preparing 3D printing spherical powder according to claim 1, wherein: the spacing between the end of the rotating electrode rod and the nozzle of the plasma torch is 10-30mm.
9. The rotary electrode atomization device for preparing 3D printing spherical powder according to claim 1 or 8, wherein: the diameter of the rotary electrode rod is 40-100mm.
10. A rotary electrode atomization method for preparing 3D printing spherical powder is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, taking a cylindrical rotating electrode rod as a raw material, taking inert gas as protective gas, eccentrically mounting a horizontal axis of a plasma torch and a horizontal axis of a rotating electrode, adjusting the rotating electrode rod to be close to a nozzle of the plasma torch along the axial direction by a rotating push rod mechanism, keeping the rotating electrode rod away from the nozzle after high-pressure arc starting in an electrode spacing range meeting Paschen law, and controlling the spacing between the rotating electrode rod and the nozzle to be 10-30mm;
step 2, a high-temperature electric arc with inert gas as working gas is ejected through a nozzle conical bushing in a mode of controlling the diameter of the electric arc, so that the end part of an electrode rod is quickly melted, a cavity appears on the surface of the electrode rod, a molten film with uniform thickness is formed on the cavity after the end part of a rotating electrode is uniformly heated due to eccentricity of plasma jet, molten drops move to the periphery of the end part on the molten film in a spiral curve track, and the molten drops form smaller liquid drops and fall off from the edge of the cavity under the action of centrifugal force;
and 3, rapidly cooling the molten drops in a protective atmosphere, crystallizing the molten drops into spherical particles, and dropping the spherical particles into a collecting device under the action of gravity.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2468891C1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-12-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский институт легких сплавов" (ОАО "ВИЛС") | Method of making heat-resistant alloy pellets |
| CN107377987A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-11-24 | 深圳市圆梦精密技术研究院 | Portable plasma gun device and plasma rotating electrode powder manufacturing apparatus |
| RU2760905C1 (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-12-01 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" Национального исследовательского центра "Курчатовский институт" (НИЦ "Курчатовский институт" - ВИАМ) | Method for producing metal powders or granules |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2468891C1 (en) * | 2011-11-18 | 2012-12-10 | Открытое акционерное общество "Всероссийский институт легких сплавов" (ОАО "ВИЛС") | Method of making heat-resistant alloy pellets |
| CN107377987A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-11-24 | 深圳市圆梦精密技术研究院 | Portable plasma gun device and plasma rotating electrode powder manufacturing apparatus |
| RU2760905C1 (en) * | 2020-11-18 | 2021-12-01 | Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт авиационных материалов" Национального исследовательского центра "Курчатовский институт" (НИЦ "Курчатовский институт" - ВИАМ) | Method for producing metal powders or granules |
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