CN115382914A - Preparation method of superhard wear-resistant forged steel ball - Google Patents

Preparation method of superhard wear-resistant forged steel ball Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115382914A
CN115382914A CN202211147090.8A CN202211147090A CN115382914A CN 115382914 A CN115382914 A CN 115382914A CN 202211147090 A CN202211147090 A CN 202211147090A CN 115382914 A CN115382914 A CN 115382914A
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China
Prior art keywords
steel
steel ball
ball
resistant
wear
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CN202211147090.8A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
阴文行
符寒光
黄龙霄
林健
王如志
王宝奇
郑玉龙
赵洪龙
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Goldpro New Materials Co ltd
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Goldpro New Materials Co ltd
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Priority to CN202211147090.8A priority Critical patent/CN115382914A/en
Publication of CN115382914A publication Critical patent/CN115382914A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B15/00—Arrangements for performing additional metal-working operations specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
    • B21B15/0007—Cutting or shearing the product
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B21J5/06—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor for performing particular operations
    • B21J5/08—Upsetting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/20—Drives for hammers; Transmission means therefor
    • B21J7/22—Drives for hammers; Transmission means therefor for power hammers
    • B21J7/24—Drives for hammers; Transmission means therefor for power hammers operated by steam, air, or other gaseous pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21K—MAKING FORGED OR PRESSED METAL PRODUCTS, e.g. HORSE-SHOES, RIVETS, BOLTS OR WHEELS
    • B21K29/00—Arrangements for heating or cooling during processing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
    • C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
    • C22C33/06—Making ferrous alloys by melting using master alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/005—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/32—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with boron
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/38—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

A preparation method of a superhard wear-resistant forged-rolled steel ball belongs to the technical field of steel ball manufacturing. The molten steel is smelted by an electric furnace using scrap steel, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochrome, metallic aluminum, silicon-calcium alloy and ferroboron as main raw materials, and the composition thereof is 0.95-1.08% C,0.44-0.59% Cr,2.05-2.33% Si,1.58-1.77% Mn,1.05-1.19% B,0.067-0.099% Ca,0.05-0.12% Al, <0.030% S, <0.035% P. The steel liquid is continuously cast into a cylindrical blank, then the cylindrical blank is directly rolled on a rolling mill to form cylindrical steel, steel balls are obtained after rough forging and finish forging, the steel balls are subjected to hardening heat treatment, a multiple small deformation method is adopted in the preparation process, the isolation and uniform distribution of wear-resistant hard phases are realized, the particle size of the wear-resistant hard phases is obviously reduced, and the obtained superhard wear-resistant steel balls have excellent comprehensive performance.

Description

Preparation method of superhard wear-resistant forged steel ball
Technical Field
The invention discloses a method for preparing a forged-rolled steel ball, in particular relates to a method for preparing a superhard wear-resistant forged-rolled steel ball, and belongs to the technical field of steel ball manufacturing.
Background
Ball mills are typical material crushing equipment in the mining industry, and grinding balls are the most important grinding media in ball mills. The ball mill has been widely used in the industries such as mine, cement, electric power, metallurgy and chemical industry. In the working process, the grinding balls fall down after being repeatedly lifted to a certain height, and are gradually worn under the impact, friction and extrusion action of the materials to be crushed and the lining plate of the ball mill. In particular, the grinding balls used for large-scale semi-autogenous mills are increased in height and are more severely impacted, rubbed and extruded, so that the grinding balls are required to have better performance, namely higher hardness and wear resistance, and good toughness and impact resistance. The traditional cast (chromium alloy cast iron, nodular cast iron and the like) grinding ball can cause the phenomena of loose internal structure, holes, out-of-round and the like in the production process, and the traditional cast ball can not meet the use requirement of a large-scale grinding machine. The grinding ball is produced by adopting a forging and rolling method, and the microstructure is further compacted in the forging and rolling process, so that the impact resistance and the breakage rate of the forging and rolling grinding ball are obviously superior to those of a casting grinding ball made of the same material. Meanwhile, austenite grains are broken after forging and rolling, and the grains cannot recover to be recrystallized and grow, so that the grains of the steel ball are fine, and the strength and the hardness are improved.
In order to further improve the performance of the forged steel balls, the Chinese patent invention CN106001378A discloses a production process of large-size steel balls, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing materials, namely placing round steel materials to be heated on a storage table; step two: heating, positioning and aligning the round steel by utilizing a positioning device before the round steel enters the stepping heating furnace, and performing step three: forming; manufacturing steel balls by using a forging and rolling process or a direct rolling process; step four: and (5) conveying, namely screening the steel balls in the conveying process, and performing the fifth step: quenching, namely quenching the steel balls screened and conveyed in the step four by using a quenching device, and the step six: tempering, namely conveying the quenched steel balls to a tempering furnace through a hoister for tempering operation; step seven: cooling, namely cooling the steel balls subjected to heat preservation operation by using a cooling ball table, and performing the eighth step: and (5) metering and packaging, namely metering and packaging the steel balls cooled to room temperature, and warehousing for shipment. The production process of the large-size steel balls is high in production efficiency and good in product quality. The Chinese invention patent CN106077414A also discloses a production process of a small-specification steel ball, which comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: preparing materials, namely placing round steel materials to be heated on a storage table; step two: heating, namely heating the round steel, and performing the third step: forming; manufacturing steel balls by using a forging and rolling process or a direct rolling process; step four: conveying, namely conveying the steel balls to a quenching machine by using a conveying device, and screening the steel balls in the conveying process, wherein the step five is as follows: quenching, namely quenching the steel balls after screening and conveying in the step four by using a quenching device, and comprising the following steps: preserving heat, namely placing the quenched steel balls in a heat preservation barrel for heat preservation; step seven: cooling, namely cooling the steel balls subjected to heat preservation operation by using a cooling ball table, and performing the eighth step: and (5) metering and packaging, namely metering and packaging the steel balls cooled to room temperature, and warehousing for shipment. The production process of the small-size steel ball is high in production efficiency and good in product quality. The Chinese invention patent CN107052062A also discloses a forged and rolled steel ball conveying ball way which comprises left angle steel (1), right angle steel (2) and connecting pieces (3), wherein the left angle steel (1) and the right angle steel (2) are both obtuse angle steel, one edge of the left angle steel (1) and one edge of the right angle steel (2) are both in a vertical state, the left angle steel (1) and the right angle steel (2) are arranged in a butt joint mode and are in a separated state, the connecting pieces (3) are welded at the lower parts of the left angle steel (1) and the right angle steel (2), and the left angle steel (1) and the right angle steel (2) form a U-shaped groove with a long hole at the bottom. Compared with the prior art, the steel ball oxide skin can automatically fall off, so that the falling oxide skin does not need to be cleaned continuously by manpower and the steel ball does not need to be stirred to roll, the high-temperature steel ball is conveyed and passed quickly without obstacles, and the product quality is greatly improved; the labor intensity of workers is reduced, the working efficiency is improved, and the labor operation cost of enterprises is reduced; the invention has simple structure and convenient operation. Chinese utility model CN207127513U also discloses a steel ball forging and rolling production line, which comprises an intermediate frequency heating furnace, a skew rolling mill, a rough forging air hammer, a finish forging air hammer and a quenching roller, a material loading frame is arranged in front of the intermediate frequency heating furnace, the skew rolling mill is arranged behind the intermediate frequency heating furnace, the rough forging air hammer has a plurality of tables, a plurality of rough forging air hammers are arranged behind the skew rolling mill, an automatic material distributing device is arranged between the skew rolling mill and a plurality of rough forging air hammers, the finish forging air hammer is arranged behind the rough forging air hammer, a ball path is arranged between the rough forging air hammer and the finish forging air hammer, the ball path corresponds to the rough forging air hammer and the finish forging air hammer one by one, the quenching roller is arranged behind the finish forging air hammer, a servo positioning device is arranged between the quenching roller and the finish forging air hammer, an elevator is arranged behind the quenching roller, and the quenched steel ball is loaded into a ball basket through the elevator. The utility model has the advantages of small investment of fixed assets, less labor, low energy consumption, low maintenance cost, high qualified rate of steel balls and safety. The Chinese invention patent CN112853193A also discloses a preparation method of the high-carbon grinding ball steel, which specifically comprises scrap steel smelting, molten steel refining, vacuum degassing, continuous casting of steel billets, billet cutting, forging and heat treatment. The scrap steel smelting is to add scrap steel and molten iron into a smelting furnace for smelting, when the temperature of the molten iron reaches 1100-1200 ℃, graphite, a deoxidizer, carbon manganese, ferrosilicon, copper, indium, gallium, nickel and high-carbon ferrochrome are added into the smelting furnace, smelting is continued, the temperature of the molten iron is continuously increased, when the temperature of the molten iron reaches 1600-1625 ℃, the molten steel is taken out, and the content of the components in the molten steel is controlled to be C according to the calculation of mass percent: 0.20 to 0.35%, si:0.10 to 0.20%, mn:0.50 to 0.65%, cr:0.30 to 0.40%, P: 0.010-0.025%, S is less than or equal to 0.013%, in:0.15 to 0.30%, cu:0.10 to 0.20 percent. In the smelting and refining processes, ar is introduced all the time, and vacuum treatment is carried out, so that molten steel can be prevented from being oxidized, cut steel blanks are heated by an induction furnace, the heating temperature and the heating speed in the forging process are easy to control, the phenomena of surface decarburization and overheating of the steel blanks in the heat preservation process are not easy to generate, the product quality is ensured, the time for controlling the pushing process of each steel blank in the forging process is not less than 5min, the steel blanks can be ensured to be completely burnt, and the steel blanks have enough forging plastic deformation capacity. The Chinese invention patent CN111286681A discloses a high-wear-resistance low-cost steel for forging wet grinding balls and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of wear-resistant materials. The following chemical components of cast steel (wt.%) are produced by using a medium-frequency induction furnace: c:1.05 to 1.7, si:1.6-2.5, cr:1.5-2.5, mn:0.5 to 1.5, mo:0.5-2.0, P: less than or equal to 0.05 percent, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of S and the balance of Fe. Firstly, carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment: keeping the temperature of 1050-1100 deg.C for 40-60min, and air cooling or fog cooling. Forging: heating to 1100-1130 deg.C, maintaining for 60min, and forging with air hammer. Stage isothermal quenching: and respectively sequentially quenching the forged blank with the residual heat into nitrate salts with different salt compositions and temperatures, preserving heat, and cooling to room temperature in air. The grinding ball produced by the invention is applied to large wet grinding ores, does not have the phenomena of crushing, out-of-roundness and the like, and obtains ultrahigh wear resistance. However, the grinding balls need to be subjected to isothermal quenching treatment, the environment is polluted, and the isothermal quenching molten salt is easy to corrode the surfaces of the grinding balls.
The invention Chinese patent CN110791619A discloses a large-diameter forged grinding ball for mines and a preparation process thereof, wherein the large-diameter forged grinding ball for mines comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.62-0.67% of C, 0.70-1.00% of Mn, 0.70-1.20% of Cr, 1.60-1.90% of Si, P < 0.03%, S < 0.03%, and the balance of Fe; the process comprises the following steps, step 1, preparation of raw materials: cutting the round steel blank with the same chemical composition into a certain length, heating the round steel blank to 1100-1200 ℃ in an induction heating mode, and then forging a grinding ball; step 2, quenching treatment: quenching treatment is carried out by adopting a secondary spiral roller water cooling mode; step 3, tempering: after the grinding ball is quenched, low-temperature tempering treatment of keeping the temperature of 180-220 ℃ for 10 hours is carried out in time, and then cooling is carried out. According to the invention, through a reasonable forging process and a heat treatment process, the large-diameter forged grinding ball with good comprehensive mechanical properties for mines is obtained. The Chinese invention patent CN111004970A also discloses a medium carbon steel large-diameter forged grinding ball and a preparation process thereof, wherein the grinding ball comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.37-0.44% of C, 0.17-0.37% of Si, 1.40-1.80% of Mn, P ≦ 0.03%, S ≦ 0.03%, and the balance of Fe; the preparation process comprises the following steps of 1, blanking round steel with the same chemical composition by using a sawing machine, heating the blank to 1050-1150 ℃, uniformly heating, and hammering the blank into grinding balls by using an air hammer, wherein the final forging temperature is 900-1000 ℃; step 2, cooling the forged grinding ball in air to 830-880 ℃, and then directly quenching; and 3, after quenching, carrying out low-temperature tempering for 2 hours at the temperature of 200-250 ℃ in time, and then cooling. The invention adopts a heat treatment process of quenching and low-temperature tempering, and improves the surface hardness, the hardening layer, the impact toughness and the like. The Chinese invention patent CN108588547A also discloses a multi-component alloy high-toughness wear-resistant ball and a manufacturing method thereof, wherein the multi-component alloy high-toughness wear-resistant ball comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:2.2-2.6%, si:0.9-1.2%, mn:0.7-1.15%, cr:3.3-3.8%, al:0.1-0.22%, V:0.02 to 0.045%, nb:0.01-0.03%, sc:0.005-0.015 percent, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.03 percent of S and the balance of Fe; when the wear-resistant ball is manufactured, a process combining casting and forging is adopted, so that the manufactured wear-resistant ball has the advantages of both cast alloy and forged alloy, the structure is improved, and the comprehensive performance is greatly improved; the prepared wear-resistant ball has the advantages of good wear resistance, high impact toughness, uniform and compact structure, low breakage rate and long service life. However, the grinding ball needs to be cast and forged, the production efficiency is low, the carbon content in the grinding ball is too high, the brittleness is high, and the grinding ball is easy to peel off in the using process.
The Chinese invention patent CN108950385A discloses a low-cost high-performance large-specification steel for forging grinding balls, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: c:0.58 to 0.72%, mn:0.8 to 1.0%, cr:0.6 to 0.8%, si:0.6 to 0.9%, al:0.01 to 0.06 percent of Cu, less than or equal to 0.2 percent of S, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, and the balance of iron and inevitable impurities. The steel for forging the grinding ball is used for producing round steel by adopting the processes of electric arc furnace steelmaking or converter steelmaking, external refining, continuous casting and continuous rolling. The forged grinding ball with the diameter of 130mm-150mm manufactured by the steel for the grinding ball has the advantages of integral hardness (the surface is more than or equal to 59HRC, the core is more than or equal to 57HRC, the volume hardness is more than or equal to 58HRC, good impact toughness, excellent impact and crushing resistance, low crushing rate, fine and uniform tissue distribution, high impact fatigue life, difficult shape failure and low production cost, and Chinese invention patent CN107574380A also discloses a steel for a high-hardness fine-grain large-size forged grinding ball, which comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.70-0.85% of C, 1.0-1.3% of Mn, 0.8-0.95% of Cr, 0.6-0.8% of Si, 0.08-0.3% of Mo, 0.02-0.06% of Nb, 0.01-0.06% of Al, less than or equal to 0.01% of Cu, less than or equal to 0.025% of S, less than or equal to 0.025% of P, and the balance of Fe. The steel for forging balls of the invention adopts the electric furnace steel-making or converter steel-making + LF refining + continuous casting full protection casting production round billet + hot rolling process which is commonly built by China steel-making enterprises to produce round steel, the steel for forging balls of the invention has higher hardenability, the original austenite grain size is still fine under the condition of high-temperature long-time heating, and the surface is not easy to decarbonize, the forging balls with the diameter of 140mm and larger size prepared by the invention have higher overall hardness and wear resistance, the grain is fine, the impact resistance is not easy to lose round steel, the crushing performance is excellent, the invention patent CN 3262, the invention discloses that the method also discloses that the steel for preparing a steel alloy steel with 0.0.005-0.005% of Mn, 0.0.005-0.025% of C and 0.0.0.0.0.0.005% of Cr, 0.0.025% of S, 0.0.005-0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0% of S after adding molten steel to 0% of molten steel, molybdenum (Mo)The sum of Mo, vanadium V and titanium Ti is less than 2 percent; secondly, smelting and refining the alloy liquid, and forging the alloy liquid into round steel through continuous casting and continuous rolling; and thirdly, selecting round steel according to the diameter of the grinding ball to be forged, and manufacturing the round steel into a forging stock. The grinding ball manufactured by the method improves the impact toughness, has small difference between the surface hardness and the core hardness, has small internal stress of the material, and can ensure lower breakage rate and smaller abrasion. Chinese invention patent CN105013574A also discloses a high hardness composite wear-resistant ball, which comprises a first hemisphere and a second hemisphere, wherein the preparation process of the first hemisphere or the second hemisphere comprises the steps of sequentially putting 120-140 parts of waste steel, 140-160 parts of ferrochrome, 90-110 parts of pig iron, 10-15 parts of tungsten ingot, 25-50 parts of manganese ingot and 2.4-3.0 parts of borax into an induction furnace for melting, adding 40-55 parts of carbon powder and 6-10 parts of silicon powder, closing a furnace door, and vacuumizing to prepare alloy liquid; pouring and tempering to obtain an alloy hemisphere; uniformly stirring 20-40 parts of silicon dioxide micro powder, 30-35 parts of aluminum oxide micro powder, 80-95 parts of cubic boron nitride and 50-60 parts of resin binder to obtain a mixed material; the first hemisphere and the second hemisphere are made by pressing on the surface. The invention has the advantages of high hardness, excellent wear resistance, simple structure, convenient assembly and convenient recovery and re-forging. The Chinese invention patent CN103031486A also discloses a medium-high carbon large-diameter forged grinding ball and a production process thereof. The grinding ball is characterized by comprising the following chemical components in percentage by mass: 0.67-0.75%, 0.17-0.37% of Si, 0.90-1.20% of Mn, P&lt；0.035％、S<0.035%, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities. The production process comprises the following steps: blanking the round steel with the chemical components by using a shearing machine, and heating the material section to 1000-1100 ℃ and preserving the heat for 40-60 minutes; after being heated uniformly, the grinding ball is forged by an air hammer, and the final forging temperature is 880-900 ℃; quenching when the temperature is between 820 and 860 ℃, selecting 5 percent of NaNO as quenching medium 2 Controlling the temperature of the solution below 40 ℃; then carrying out low-temperature tempering at 150-200 ℃ in time. The surface hardness of the grinding ball can reach 60-62 HRC, the hardness distribution is uniform, no quenching softening point exists, and the hardness difference between the surface and the center part is less than 5HRC; the impact toughness is good, and the impact toughness of the grinding ball with the diameter of 110mm can reach 10-15J/cm 2 . But do notThe grinding ball manufactured by the method still has the defects that the hardness difference between the center part and the surface of the grinding ball is large (less than 5 HRC), the hardness of the center part of the grinding ball is low, and the abrasion of the grinding ball in use is high.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to realize the integral improvement of the hardness of the steel ball and the obvious improvement of the wear resistance by adding the wear-resistant hard phase in the steel ball. In order to prevent the phenomenon that the increase of the wear-resistant hard phase can promote the brittleness increase of the steel ball, the preparation process of the steel ball adopts a small deformation method for many times, so that the isolation and the uniform distribution of the wear-resistant hard phase are realized, the particle size of the wear-resistant hard phase is obviously reduced, and the wear-resistant steel ball is ensured to have excellent obdurability, low breakage rate and excellent impact and fatigue resistance.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention discloses a preparation method of a superhard wear-resistant forged-rolled steel ball, which is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation process steps:
(1) smelting molten steel by using scrap steel, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, metal aluminum, silicon-calcium alloy and ferroboron as main raw materials and adopting an electric furnace; firstly, mixing and heating scrap steel, a carburant and ferrochrome for melting, sequentially adding ferrosilicon and ferromanganese after molten steel is melted down, and heating the molten steel to 1582-1605 ℃; then adding metal aluminum and calcium-silicon alloy, continuously heating to 1627-1645 ℃, adding ferroboron alloy, and preserving heat for 15-20 minutes; and controlling the chemical composition and mass fraction of the molten steel in the furnace to 0.95-1.08% C,0.44-0.59% Cr,2.05-2.33% Si,1.58-1.77% Mn,1.05-1.19% B,0.067-0.099% Ca,0.05-0.12% Al, <0.030% S, <0.035% P, and the balance Fe; then discharging the molten steel to a ladle; adding a multi-element alloy wire into the steel ladle, wherein the diameter of the multi-element alloy wire is phi 3.5-5.0mm; the chemical composition and mass fraction of the multi-element alloy wire is 13.55-14.08% Al,7.06-8.19% Ce,5.54-6.21% La,6.62-6.88% K,5.38-5.77% Zn,2.05-2.63% Mg,25.18-26.26% Si, the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities; the addition of the multi-element alloy wire accounts for 1.85 to 2.0 percent of the mass fraction of molten steel entering the steel ladle;
(2) after slagging off and standing the molten steel, when the temperature is reduced to 1508-1526 ℃, pouring the molten steel into a crystallizer on a continuous casting machine, continuously casting the molten steel into a cylindrical blank with the diameter phi of 350-500mm, and directly rolling the cylindrical blank on a rolling mill into cylindrical steel with the diameter phi of 90-100 mm;
(3) heating the cylindrical steel with the diameter of phi 90-100mm obtained in the step (2) to 1160-1200 ℃ by a stepping natural gas heating furnace, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then shearing the cylindrical steel into a cylinder with the required length of 180-225mm of a single ball by a bar shearing machine, roughly forging the cylinder by adopting a numerical control hammer, controlling the deformation amount at 5-8% each time, and obtaining a blank steel ball after 8-13 times of deformation; then, carrying out precision forging on the blank steel ball by using an air hammer to obtain a steel ball with the diameter of 130mm-150 mm;
(4) reducing the surface temperature of the steel ball subjected to the precision forging in the step (3) to 820-850 ℃, and quenching the steel ball in an oil bath, wherein the temperature of quenching oil is 32-55 ℃, and the mass ratio of oil to the steel ball in the oil bath is more than 10; cooling the steel ball in the oil pool for 180-210 seconds, and taking out the steel ball; and tempering the quenched steel ball for 12-15 hours at 220-240 ℃, cooling the steel ball in a furnace to a temperature lower than 180 ℃, discharging the steel ball out of the furnace, and cooling the steel ball to room temperature in an air cooling mode to obtain the superhard wear-resistant steel ball.
The invention adds the wear-resistant hard phase in the steel ball, thereby realizing the integral improvement of the hardness of the steel ball and the obvious improvement of the wear resistance. However, the increase of the hard phase of the steel ball can obviously increase the brittleness of the steel ball and reduce the impact fatigue resistance of the large-diameter steel ball. In order to prevent the phenomenon that the increase of the wear-resistant hard phase can promote the brittleness increase of the steel ball, the steel ball is isolated and uniformly distributed by adopting a multi-microalloying modification treatment and multiple small deformation combination method in the preparation process of the steel ball, the particle size of the wear-resistant hard phase is obviously reduced, and the wear-resistant steel ball is ensured to have excellent obdurability, low breakage rate and excellent impact fatigue resistance. The specific preparation process of the superhard wear-resistant forged-rolled steel ball comprises the steps of smelting molten steel by using waste steel, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, metallic aluminum, silicon-calcium alloy and ferroboron as main raw materials and adopting an electric furnace.
Firstly, mixing and heating scrap steel, a carburant and ferrochrome for melting, sequentially adding ferrosilicon and ferromanganese after molten steel is melted down, and heating the molten steel to 1582-1605 ℃; then adding metal aluminum and calcium-silicon alloy, continuously heating to 1627-1645 ℃, adding ferroboron alloy, and preserving heat for 15-20 minutes; and the chemical composition and the mass fraction of the molten steel in the furnace are controlled to be 0.95-1.08％C,0.44-0.59％Cr,2.05-2.33％Si,1.58-1.77％Mn,1.05-1.19％B,0.067-0.099％Ca,0.05-0.12％Al,<0.030％S,<0.035%, P, balance Fe. The steel ball contains more silicon and manganese elements, and the combined addition of the silicon and the manganese can obviously improve the hardenability of the steel ball. Silicon is a non-carbide and boride generating element, is mainly dissolved in a metal matrix in a solid mode, and improves the strength and the wear resistance of the matrix. The manganese can obviously enlarge a gamma phase region, improve the hardenability of steel, prevent the center of the large-diameter steel ball from generating pearlite with low hardness, and ensure the improvement of the overall hardness of the steel ball and the uniform abrasion. Particularly, the addition of B in an amount of 1.05 to 1.19%, the addition of B can produce Fe with high hardness 2 B hard phase, the hardness and the wear resistance of the steel ball are obviously improved. Further, addition of 0.067 to 0.099% Ca improves the morphology and distribution of inclusions in the steel, and improves the fatigue resistance of the steel ball.
Then discharging the molten steel to a ladle; adding a multi-element alloy wire into the steel ladle, wherein the diameter of the multi-element alloy wire is phi 3.5-5.0mm; the chemical composition and mass fraction of the multi-element alloy wire are 13.55-14.08% Al,7.06-8.19% Ce,5.54-6.21% La,6.62-6.88% K,5.38-5.77% Zn,2.05-2.63% Mg,25.18-26.26% Si, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities, the amount of addition of the multi-element alloy wire being 1.85-2.0% of the mass fraction of molten steel entering the ladle. Large amount of Fe existing in steel ball 2 B hard phase, fe although improving the hardness and wear resistance of steel balls 2 The B hard phase has high brittleness, and the toughness of the steel ball can be obviously reduced when the B hard phase exists in the steel ball. To overcome Fe 2 B hard phase, the invention promotes Fe by increasing the silicon content in the steel ball 2 The phase B is changed from a continuous distribution to a broken network distribution. In particular, addition of 1.85 to 2.0% by mass of a multi-component alloy wire containing 13.55 to 14.08% of Al,7.06 to 8.19% of Ce,5.54 to 6.21% of La,6.62 to 6.88% of K,5.38 to 5.77% of Zn,2.05 to 2.63% of Mg,25.18 to 26.26% of Si, and the balance of Fe, based on the mass fraction of molten steel entering a ladle, promotes the promotion of Fe 2 The isolated distribution of B improves the toughness of the steel ball. But also has the function of obviously thinning the solidification structure and promoting the obvious improvement of the comprehensive performance of the steel ball.
After slagging off and standing, the temperature of the molten steel is reduced to 1508At the temperature of minus 1526 ℃, pouring the molten steel into a crystallizer on a continuous casting machine, continuously casting the molten steel into a cylindrical blank with the diameter phi of 350-500mm, and directly rolling the cylindrical blank on a rolling mill into cylindrical steel with the diameter phi of 90-100 mm. The cylindrical steel produced by the process has high efficiency and good quality stability. And then heating cylindrical steel with the diameter phi of 90-100mm to 1160-1200 ℃ by a stepping natural gas heating furnace, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, shearing the cylindrical steel into a cylinder with the required length of 180-225mm by a bar shearing machine, roughly forging the cylinder by adopting a numerical control hammer, controlling the deformation amount to be 5-8% each time, and deforming for 8-13 times to obtain a blank steel ball. The cylindrical steel of the invention contains more Fe 2 B hard phase, multiple times of small deformation forging is adopted, and Fe can be realized 2 Further reducing the size of B hard phase to prevent Fe 2 The hard phase B is cracked, so that the comprehensive performance of the steel ball is further improved. Then, carrying out precision forging on the blank steel ball by using an air hammer to obtain a steel ball with the diameter of 130mm-150 mm;
the steel ball after the precision forging needs to be hardened, so that the hardness of the steel ball is improved. The method comprises the following steps of cooling the steel ball in an oil bath for 180-210 seconds after the steel ball is cooled in the oil bath, wherein the surface temperature of the steel ball after finish forging is reduced to 820-850 ℃, the steel ball enters the oil bath for quenching, the temperature of quenching oil is 32-55 ℃, the mass ratio of oil to the steel ball in the oil bath is more than 10. The invention also tempers the quenched steel ball for 12-15 hours at 220-240 ℃, cools the furnace to a temperature lower than 180 ℃, discharges the steel ball and cools the steel ball to room temperature, can eliminate the internal stress of the quenched steel ball, stabilizes the structure, and ensures that the obtained superhard wear-resistant steel ball has stable and safe use effect.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The steel ball has excellent mechanical properties, the surface hardness is more than or equal to 64HRC, the core hardness is more than or equal to 61HRC, and the difference between the surface hardness and the core hardness is less than or equal to 3HRC; the impact toughness is more than or equal to 20J/cm 2 The tensile strength is more than 800MPa, and the breaking rate is less than 0.5 percent.
2) The steel ball of the invention takes cheap boron, silicon and manganese as main alloying elements, does not contain expensive alloying elements such as molybdenum, nickel, niobium, vanadium and the like, and has the characteristics of low cost, strong market competitiveness and the like.
3) The large-size forged and rolled steel ball with the diameter of 130mm-150mm has good hardenability, the hardness difference between the surface and the core is less than or equal to 3HRC, the average volume hardness of the grinding ball is more than or equal to 62HRC, the uniform abrasion of the steel ball is ensured, and the phenomena of crushing and out-of-round are avoided in use.
4) The steel ball has fine martensite structure, the original austenite grain size level before quenching is more than or equal to 8 levels, the wear resistance and the toughness of the forged and rolled steel ball are ideally matched, the crushing resistance is excellent, the ball falling frequency (single ball) is more than 6000 times on a 10-meter ball falling testing machine, the phenomenon of crushing, stripping and block falling does not occur, the grinding medium is an ideal grinding medium for a large-scale semi-self-grinding machine, the grinding medium is applied to a phi 10m large-scale semi-self-grinding machine for grinding iron ore, the abrasion is only 40-45 percent of that of the common forged and rolled steel ball, the production cost is low, and the popularization and the application have good economic and social benefits.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
a preparation method of a superhard wear-resistant forged-rolled steel ball is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation process steps:
(1) the method comprises the following steps of smelting molten steel by using scrap steel, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, metallic aluminum, silicon-calcium alloy and ferroboron as main raw materials and adopting an electric furnace; firstly, mixing and heating scrap steel, a carburant and ferrochrome for melting, sequentially adding ferrosilicon and ferromanganese after molten steel is melted down, and heating the molten steel to 1594 ℃; then adding metal aluminum and calcium-silicon alloy, continuously heating to 1635 ℃, adding ferroboron alloy, and keeping the temperature for 18 minutes; and controlling the chemical composition and mass fraction of the molten steel in the furnace to 0.99% C,0.47% Cr,2.14% Si,1.65% Mn,1.08% B,0.081% Ca,0.09% Al,0.021% S,0.030% P, the balance Fe; then discharging the molten steel to a ladle; adding a multi-element alloy wire into the steel ladle, wherein the diameter of the multi-element alloy wire is phi 4.0mm; the chemical composition and mass fraction of the multi-element alloy wire were 13.81% Al,7.64% Ce,5.84% La,6.73% K,5.62% Zn,2.48% Mg,25.71% Si, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities; the addition amount of the multi-element alloy wire accounts for 1.9 percent of the mass fraction of molten steel entering the steel ladle;
(2) after slagging off and standing the molten steel, when the temperature is reduced to 1519 ℃, pouring the molten steel into a crystallizer on a continuous casting machine, continuously casting the molten steel into a cylindrical blank with the diameter phi of 400mm, and directly rolling the cylindrical blank on a rolling mill into cylindrical steel with the diameter phi of 95 mm;
(3) heating the cylindrical steel with the diameter phi of 95mm obtained in the step (2) to 1190 ℃ by a stepping natural gas heating furnace, preserving heat for 2 hours, shearing the cylindrical steel into a cylinder with the length of 203mm required by a single ball by a bar shearing machine, roughly forging the cylinder by adopting a numerical control hammer, controlling the deformation at 6% each time, and deforming for 12 times to obtain a blank steel ball; then, precisely forging the blank steel ball by using an air hammer to obtain a steel ball with the diameter of phi 140 mm;
(4) reducing the surface temperature of the steel ball subjected to precision forging in the step (3) to 840-850 ℃, and quenching the steel ball in an oil bath, wherein the temperature of quenching oil is 44 ℃, and the mass ratio of oil to the steel ball in the oil bath is more than 10; cooling the steel ball in the oil pool for 200 seconds, and taking out the steel ball; and tempering the quenched steel ball at 230 ℃ for 14 hours, cooling the steel ball in a furnace to a temperature lower than 180 ℃, discharging the steel ball out of the furnace, and cooling the steel ball to room temperature to obtain the superhard wear-resistant steel ball. The mechanical properties of the superhard abrasion-resistant steel ball are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical Properties of superhard abrasion-resistant steel balls
Surface hardness/HRC Hardness at core/HRC Impact toughness, J/cm 2 Tensile strength/MPa
64.9 ≥62.5 20.5 855
Meanwhile, on a ball falling tester with the length of 10 meters, the ball falling frequency (single ball) is more than 6000 times, and the phenomena of crushing, stripping and block falling do not occur.
Example 2:
a preparation method of a superhard wear-resistant forged steel ball is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation process steps:
(1) smelting molten steel by using scrap steel, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, metal aluminum, silicon-calcium alloy and ferroboron as main raw materials and adopting an electric furnace; firstly, mixing and heating scrap steel, a carburant and ferrochrome for melting, sequentially adding ferrosilicon and ferromanganese after molten steel is melted down, and heating the molten steel to 1582 ℃; then adding metal aluminum and calcium-silicon alloy, continuously heating to 1627 ℃, adding ferroboron alloy, and keeping the temperature for 20 minutes; and controlling the chemical composition and mass fraction of the molten steel in the furnace to 0.95% C,0.59% Cr,2.05% Si,1.77% Mn,1.05% B,0.099% Ca,0.05% Al,0.021% S,0.033% P, the balance Fe; then discharging the molten steel to a ladle; adding a multi-element alloy wire into the steel ladle, wherein the diameter of the multi-element alloy wire is phi 3.5mm; the chemical composition and mass fraction of the multi-element alloy wire were 13.55% Al,8.19% Ce,5.54% La,6.88% K,5.38% Zn,2.63% Mg,25.18% Si, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities; the adding amount of the multi-element alloy wire accounts for 1.85 percent of the mass fraction of molten steel entering the steel ladle;
(2) after slagging off and standing the molten steel, when the temperature is reduced to 1526 ℃, pouring the molten steel into a crystallizer on a continuous casting machine, continuously casting the molten steel into a cylindrical blank with the diameter phi of 500mm, and directly rolling the cylindrical blank on a rolling mill into cylindrical steel with the diameter phi of 100 mm;
(3) heating the cylindrical steel with the diameter of phi 100mm obtained in the step (2) to 1200 ℃ by a stepping natural gas heating furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, shearing the cylindrical steel into a cylinder with the length of 225mm required by a single ball by a bar shearing machine, roughly forging the cylinder by adopting a numerical control hammer, controlling the deformation amount at 5% each time, and obtaining a blank steel ball after 13 times of deformation; then, carrying out precision forging on the blank steel ball by using an air hammer to obtain a steel ball with the diameter of 150 mm;
(4) reducing the surface temperature of the steel ball subjected to precision forging in the step (3) to 830-840 ℃, and quenching the steel ball in an oil bath, wherein the temperature of quenching oil is 32 ℃, and the mass ratio of oil to the steel ball in the oil bath is more than 10; cooling the steel ball in the oil pool for 180 seconds, and taking out the steel ball; and tempering the quenched steel ball for 14 hours at 240 ℃, cooling the steel ball in a furnace to a temperature lower than 180 ℃, discharging the steel ball out of the furnace, and cooling the steel ball to room temperature in an air cooling mode to obtain the superhard wear-resistant steel ball. The mechanical properties of the superhard abrasion-resistant steel ball are shown in Table 2.
TABLE 2 mechanical properties of superhard abrasion-resistant steel balls
Surface hardness/HRC Hardness at core/HRC Impact toughness, J/cm 2 Tensile strength/MPa
64.8 62.2 20.7 830
Meanwhile, on a ball falling tester with the length of 10 meters, the ball falling frequency (single ball) is more than 6000 times, and the phenomena of crushing, stripping and block falling do not occur.
Example 3:
a preparation method of a superhard wear-resistant forged steel ball is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation process steps:
(1) smelting molten steel by using scrap steel, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, metal aluminum, silicon-calcium alloy and ferroboron as main raw materials and adopting an electric furnace; firstly, mixing and heating scrap steel, a carburant and ferrochrome for melting, sequentially adding ferrosilicon and ferromanganese after molten steel is melted down, and heating the molten steel to 1605 ℃; then adding metal aluminum and calcium-silicon alloy, continuously heating to 1645 ℃, adding ferroboron alloy, and keeping the temperature for 15 minutes; and controlling the chemical composition and mass fraction of the molten steel in the furnace to 1.08% C,0.44% Cr,2.33% Si,1.58% Mn,1.19% B,0.067% Ca,0.12% Al,0.026% S,0.028% P, the balance Fe; then discharging the molten steel to a ladle; adding a multi-element alloy wire into the steel ladle, wherein the diameter of the multi-element alloy wire is phi 5.0mm; the chemical composition and mass fraction of the multi-element alloy wire were 14.08% Al,7.06% Ce,6.21% La,6.62% K,5.77% Zn,2.05% Mg,26.26% Si, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities; the addition of the multi-element alloy wire accounts for 2.0 percent of the mass fraction of molten steel entering the steel ladle;
(2) after slagging off and standing the molten steel, when the temperature is reduced to 1508 ℃, pouring the molten steel into a crystallizer on a continuous casting machine, continuously casting the molten steel into a cylindrical blank with the diameter phi of 350mm, and directly rolling the cylindrical blank on a rolling mill into cylindrical steel with the diameter phi of 90 mm;
(3) heating the cylindrical steel with the diameter of phi 90mm obtained in the step (2) to 1160 ℃ by a stepping natural gas heating furnace, preserving heat for 2.5 hours, then shearing the cylindrical steel into a cylinder with the length of 180mm required by a single ball by a bar shearing machine, roughly forging the cylinder by adopting a numerical control hammer, controlling the deformation at 8% each time, and obtaining a blank steel ball after 8 times of deformation; then, carrying out precision forging on the blank steel ball by using an air hammer to obtain a steel ball with the diameter of 130 mm;
(4) reducing the surface temperature of the steel ball subjected to precision forging in the step (3) to 820-830 ℃, and quenching the steel ball in an oil bath, wherein the temperature of quenching oil is 55 ℃, and the mass ratio of oil to the steel ball in the oil bath is more than 10; cooling the steel ball in the oil pool for 210 seconds, and taking out the steel ball; and tempering the quenched steel ball for 14 hours at 220 ℃, cooling the steel ball in a furnace to a temperature lower than 180 ℃, discharging the steel ball out of the furnace, and cooling the steel ball to room temperature in an air cooling mode to obtain the superhard wear-resistant steel ball. The mechanical properties of the superhard abrasion-resistant steel ball are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 3 mechanical properties of superhard abrasion-resistant steel balls
Surface hardness/HRC Hardness at core/HRC Impact toughness, J/cm 2 Tensile strength/MPa
64.6 61.9 21.8 855
Meanwhile, on a ball falling tester with the length of 10 meters, the ball falling frequency (single ball) is more than 6000 times, and the phenomena of crushing, stripping and block falling do not occur.
Example 4:
a preparation method of a superhard wear-resistant forged steel ball is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation process steps:
(1) smelting molten steel by using scrap steel, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, metal aluminum, silicon-calcium alloy and ferroboron as main raw materials and adopting an electric furnace; mixing scrap steel, a carburant and ferrochromium, heating and melting, sequentially adding ferrosilicon and ferromanganese after molten steel is completely melted, and heating the molten steel to 1598 ℃; then adding metal aluminum and calcium-silicon alloy, continuing to heat to 1641 ℃, adding ferroboron alloy, and keeping the temperature for 17 minutes; and controlling the chemical composition and mass fraction of the molten steel in the furnace to 1.03%. C,0.53% Cr,2.27% Si,1.72% Mn,1.17% B,0.094% Ca,0.09% Al,0.017% S,0.031% P, the balance Fe; then discharging the molten steel to a ladle; adding a multi-element alloy wire into the steel ladle, wherein the diameter of the multi-element alloy wire is phi 5.0mm; the chemical composition and mass fraction of the multi-element alloy wire were 13.86% Al,7.90% Ce,5.95% La,6.73% K,5.62% Zn,2.59% Mg,25.88% Si, the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities; the addition of the multi-element alloy wire accounts for 2.0 percent of the mass fraction of molten steel entering the steel ladle;
(2) after slagging off and standing the molten steel, when the temperature is reduced to 1521 ℃, pouring the molten steel into a crystallizer on a continuous casting machine, continuously casting the molten steel into a cylindrical blank with the diameter phi of 450mm, and directly rolling the cylindrical blank on a rolling mill into cylindrical steel with the diameter phi of 98 mm;
(3) heating the cylindrical steel with the diameter phi of 98mm obtained in the step (2) to 1180 ℃ by a stepping natural gas heating furnace, preserving heat for 3 hours, shearing the cylindrical steel into a cylinder with the length of 215mm required by a single ball by a bar shearing machine, roughly forging the cylinder by adopting a numerical control hammer, controlling the deformation amount at 7% each time, and deforming for 9 times to obtain a blank steel ball; then, carrying out precision forging on the blank steel ball by using an air hammer to obtain a phi 145mm steel ball;
(4) reducing the surface temperature of the steel ball subjected to precision forging in the step (3) to 835-845 ℃, and quenching in an oil bath, wherein the temperature of quenching oil is 51 ℃, and the mass ratio of oil to the steel ball in the oil bath is more than 10; cooling the steel ball in the oil pool for 200 seconds, and taking out the steel ball; and tempering the quenched steel ball for 15 hours at 225 ℃, cooling the steel ball in a furnace to a temperature lower than 180 ℃, discharging the steel ball out of the furnace, and cooling the steel ball to room temperature in an air cooling mode to obtain the superhard wear-resistant steel ball. The mechanical properties of the superhard abrasion-resistant steel ball are shown in a table 4.
TABLE 4 mechanical properties of superhard abrasion-resistant steel balls
Surface hardness/HRC Core hardness/HRC Impact toughness, J/cm 2 Tensile strength/MPa
65.2 62.6 21.5 820
Meanwhile, on a ball falling tester with the length of 10 meters, the ball falling frequency (single ball) is more than 6000 times, and the phenomena of crushing, stripping and block falling do not occur.
The steel ball of the invention takes cheap boron, silicon and manganese as main alloying elements, does not contain expensive alloying elements such as molybdenum, nickel, niobium, vanadium and the like, and has the characteristics of low cost, strong market competitiveness and the like. The steel ball has excellent mechanical properties, the surface hardness is more than or equal to 64HRC, the core hardness is more than or equal to 61HRC, and the impact toughness is more than or equal to 20J/cm 2 And the tensile strength is more than 800MPa. The large-size forged and rolled steel ball with the diameter of 130mm-150mm has good hardenability, the hardness difference between the surface and the core is less than or equal to 3HRC, the average volume hardness of the grinding ball is more than or equal to 62HRC, the uniform abrasion of the steel ball is ensured, the phenomena of crushing and out-of-round are not generated in use, and the crushing rate is less than 0.5%. The steel ball has fine martensite structure, the original austenite grain size level before quenching is more than or equal to 8 levels, the wear resistance and the toughness of the forged and rolled steel ball are ideally matched, the crushing resistance is excellent, the ball falling frequency (single ball) is more than 6000 times on a 10-meter ball falling testing machine, the phenomenon of crushing, stripping and block falling does not occur, the grinding medium is an ideal grinding medium for a large-scale semi-self-grinding machine, the grinding medium is applied to a phi 10m large-scale semi-self-grinding machine for grinding iron ore, the abrasion is only 40-45 percent of that of the common forged and rolled steel ball, the production cost is low, and the popularization and the application have good economic and social benefits.

Claims (3)

1. A preparation method of a superhard wear-resistant forged-rolled steel ball is characterized by comprising the following specific preparation process steps:
(1) smelting molten steel by using scrap steel, a carburant, ferrosilicon, ferromanganese, ferrochromium, metal aluminum, silicon-calcium alloy and ferroboron as main raw materials and adopting an electric furnace; firstly, mixing and heating scrap steel, a carburant and ferrochrome for melting, sequentially adding ferrosilicon and ferromanganese after molten steel is melted down, and heating the molten steel to 1582-1605 ℃; then adding metal aluminum and calcium-silicon alloy, continuously heating to 1627-1645 ℃, adding ferroboron alloy, and preserving heat for 15-20 minutes; and controlling the chemical composition and mass fraction of the molten steel in the furnace to 0.95-1.08% C,0.44-0.59% Cr,2.05-2.33% Si,1.58-1.77% Mn,1.05-1.19% B,0.067-0.099% Ca,0.05-0.12% Al, <0.030% S, <0.035% P, and the balance Fe; then discharging the molten steel to a ladle; adding a multi-element alloy wire into the steel ladle, wherein the diameter of the multi-element alloy wire is phi 3.5-5.0mm; the chemical composition and mass fraction of the multi-element alloy wire are 13.55-14.08% Al,7.06-8.19% Ce,5.54-6.21% La,6.62-6.88% K,5.38-5.77% Zn,2.05-2.63% Mg,25.18-26.26% Si, the balance being Fe and unavoidable impurities; the addition of the multi-element alloy wire accounts for 1.85 to 2.0 percent of the mass fraction of molten steel entering the steel ladle;
(2) after slagging off and standing the molten steel, when the temperature is reduced to 1508-1526 ℃, pouring the molten steel into a crystallizer on a continuous casting machine, continuously casting the molten steel into a cylindrical blank with the diameter phi of 350-500mm, and directly rolling the cylindrical blank on a rolling mill into cylindrical steel with the diameter phi of 90-100 mm;
(3) heating the cylindrical steel with the diameter of phi 90-100mm obtained in the step (2) to 1160-1200 ℃ by a stepping natural gas heating furnace, preserving heat for 2-3 hours, then shearing the cylindrical steel into a cylinder with the required length of 180-225mm of a single ball by a bar shearing machine, roughly forging the cylinder by adopting a numerical control hammer, controlling the deformation amount at 5-8% each time, and obtaining a blank steel ball after 8-13 times of deformation; then, carrying out precision forging on the blank steel ball by using an air hammer to obtain a steel ball with the diameter of 130mm-150 mm;
(4) reducing the surface temperature of the steel ball subjected to the precision forging in the step (3) to 820-850 ℃, and quenching the steel ball in an oil bath, wherein the temperature of quenching oil is 32-55 ℃, and the mass ratio of oil to the steel ball in the oil bath is more than 10; cooling the steel ball in the oil pool for 180-210 seconds, and taking out the steel ball; and tempering the quenched steel ball for 12-15 hours at 220-240 ℃, cooling the steel ball in a furnace to a temperature lower than 180 ℃, discharging the steel ball out of the furnace, and cooling the steel ball to room temperature in an air cooling mode to obtain the superhard wear-resistant steel ball.
2. A superhard wear resistant wrought steel ball produced according to the method of claim 1.
3. The use of a super hard wear resistant wrought steel ball prepared according to the method of claim 1 in a large semi-autogenous mill of 10m diameter for grinding iron ore.
CN202211147090.8A 2022-09-20 2022-09-20 Preparation method of superhard wear-resistant forged steel ball Pending CN115382914A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115927967A (en) * 2022-12-22 2023-04-07 美利林科技(攀枝花)有限公司 High-toughness steel forging for ball mill and preparation process thereof

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115927967A (en) * 2022-12-22 2023-04-07 美利林科技(攀枝花)有限公司 High-toughness steel forging for ball mill and preparation process thereof

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