CN111286681B - High-wear-resistance low-cost steel for forging wet grinding balls and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
High-wear-resistance low-cost steel for forging wet grinding balls and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111286681B CN111286681B CN202010094583.4A CN202010094583A CN111286681B CN 111286681 B CN111286681 B CN 111286681B CN 202010094583 A CN202010094583 A CN 202010094583A CN 111286681 B CN111286681 B CN 111286681B
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910000677 High-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Inorganic materials [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Substances [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001562 pearlite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910001208 Crucible steel Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 51
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 21
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Inorganic materials [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000519 Ferrosilicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001563 bainite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001339 C alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000604 Ferrochrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000616 Ferromanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001141 Ductile iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001309 Ferromolybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001200 Ferrotitanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000628 Ferrovanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000954 Medium-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000720 Silicomanganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001567 cementite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron vanadium Chemical compound [V].[Fe] PNXOJQQRXBVKEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron;methane Chemical compound C.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] KSOKAHYVTMZFBJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010079 rubber tapping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/34—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/06—Deoxidising, e.g. killing
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/002—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/008—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/005—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment of ferrous alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/36—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for balls; for rollers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/04—Making ferrous alloys by melting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
Abstract
A high-wear-resistance low-cost steel for forging wet grinding balls and a preparation method thereof belong to the technical field of wear-resistant materials. Cast steel (wt.%) with the following chemical composition was produced in a medium frequency induction furnace: c: 1.05 to 1.7, Si: 1.6-2.5, Cr: 1.5-2.5, Mn: 0.5-1.5, Mo: 0.5-2.0, P: <0.05, S <0.02, and the balance Fe. Firstly, carrying out high-temperature homogenization treatment: keeping the temperature at 1050 ℃ and 1100 ℃ for 40-60min, and cooling in air or in fog. Forging: heating to 1100-. Stage isothermal quenching: and respectively sequentially quenching the forged blank with the residual heat into nitrate salts with different salt compositions and temperatures, preserving heat, and cooling to room temperature in air. The grinding ball produced by the invention is applied to large wet grinding ores, and the phenomena of crushing, out-of-round and the like do not occur, and the ultrahigh wear resistance is obtained.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to high-wear-resistance low-cost steel for forging wet grinding balls and a preparation method thereof, in particular to high-wear-resistance low-cost high-carbon steel chemical components and a production process of homogenization treatment, forging and isothermal quenching for improving toughness, and belongs to the technical field of wear-resistant materials.
Background
The grinding ball of the large wet grinding machine is one of important parts in the large ball grinding machine of the mine, and the grinding ball is subjected to strong impact force while being subjected to severe corrosive wear. Therefore, the grinding balls are required to have high hardness and resistance to corrosive wear. At present, the forging and rolling of low-medium carbon alloy steel are mainly adopted for large-size wet grinding balls. However, it is necessary to add a plurality of expensive alloying elements such as Mo, Ni, Cr, Si, Mn, V, Ti, etc. to improve hardenability, and in addition, the low hardness and corrosion resistance limit the service life of the grinding ball.
In order to improve the problem of low strength and poor wear resistance of low-carbon steel, the Chinese invention patent CN201810132508.5 discloses a wear-resistant steel and a production process thereof, S1: converter: drying blast furnace molten iron and other raw materials of ferrosilicon, silicomanganese, high-carbon ferrochromium, low-nitrogen carbon powder and scrap steel, and then smelting in a converter; s2: LF refining: transferring the molten steel tapped in the step S1 to an LF furnace for refining, and blowing Ar from the bottom of the LF furnace; s3: VD refining: hoisting the ladle in the S2 into a VD furnace, and blowing Ar into the VD furnace from the bottom of the VD furnace; s4: continuous casting: transferring the molten steel of the ladle in the S3 through a tundish, and then continuously casting the molten steel into a steel billet through a continuous casting machine; s5: hot rolling: heating the continuously cast steel billet at 1150-1250 ℃, then rolling for one or more times to obtain a steel plate, and then carrying out water cooling quenching; the chemical components of the wear-resistant steel obtained by the production process of the wear-resistant steel are as follows: 0.88 to 0.94 percent of C, 0.20 to 0.30 percent of Si, 0.9 to 1.0 percent of Mn, 0.5 to 0.6 percent of Cr0.5, 0.6 percent of W, 0.1 to 0.25 percent of V, 2.5 to 2.75 percent of Zr, 0.01 to 0.05 percent of Ti, 0.035 to 0.05 percent of Y, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.025 percent of S, 0.15 to 0.19 percent of Cu and the balance of Fe. The invention solves the problem of low strength and poor wear resistance of the existing low-carbon wear-resistant steel, the steel material has thinner crystal and more compact internal density, and the grinding ball prepared by the steel material has higher hardness and good wear resistance.
Chinese patent CN201810138864.8 discloses a high-carbon low-alloy steel for grinding balls, which comprises the following chemical components: c: 0.88 to 0.94%, Si: 0.20 to 0.30%, Mn: 0.90-1.00%, P: less than or equal to 0.025%, S: less than or equal to 0.025 percent, Cr: 0.50-0.60%, Ti: 0.010-0.050%, In: 0.20 to 0.30%, Cu: less than or equal to 0.25%, Ga: 0.080-0.100%, Ni: 0.20 to 0.26%, Zn: 0.10 to 0.14%, Sn: 0.14 to 0.16%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The steel not only has lower production cost, but also contains higher content of carbon, manganese, tin, titanium and other elements in the steel, so that the cast structure of the steel can be refined, the hardness of the grinding ball is greatly improved, and the grinding ball can ensure good wear resistance when grinding objects with higher hardness. In addition, the grinding ball also contains a high-content chromium element inside, so that the grinding ball also has strong corrosion resistance. Thereby making the grinding ball suitable for grinding in various fields.
The Chinese invention patent CN201610163412.6 discloses a method for producing super wear-resistant steel balls, which specifically comprises the following operation steps: (1) preparing materials: the steel scrap comprises, by weight, 80-86% of steel scrap, 10-12% of ferromanganese, 2-4% of ferrosilicon and 6-12% of foundry returns; (2) smelting: smelting in an intermediate frequency electric furnace, and putting a returned material on the bottom layer during feeding; (3) tapping: after furnace burden is melted down, sampling and carrying out chemical component inspection, wherein the molten steel comprises 0.3-1.2% of C, 0.2-0.5% of Cr, 1.9-2.8% of Si, 0.2-0.6% of Mn, less than or equal to 0.08% of P, less than or equal to 0.06% of S and the balance of Fe by mass percent, and the furnace temperature can be increased to be discharged after the molten steel is qualified, and the discharging temperature is 1500-1580 ℃; (4) manganese is added for inoculation when the mixture is discharged; (5) and (3) casting molding: and casting the cast steel ball by using a cast steel ball mould at the temperature of 1470-1520 ℃. The invention can improve the wear resistance of the steel ball, improve the toughness and wear resistance of the steel ball and reduce the consumption of precious metal materials.
The Chinese patent CN200910251476.1 discloses a high-carbon steel multi-alloy wear-resistant ball and a production method thereof, wherein the high-carbon steel multi-alloy wear-resistant ball comprises the following main chemical components in percentage by weight: c: 1.0-1.2, Si: 1.2-1.6, Mn: 1.6-2.2, P is less than or equal to 0.05, S is less than or equal to 0.25, Cr: 1.5-2.5, Mo: 0.2-0.3, B: 0.005-0.01, Ti: 0.025-0.05, V: 0.08-0.15, and the balance of Fe. The production method comprises the steps of melting, two-time modification treatment, pouring, quenching and tempering to obtain a finished product. The grinding ball produced by the invention has high hardness, high wear resistance, high toughness and high impact resistance, and the production method is simple and easy to operate.
The Chinese invention patent CN201711197349.9 discloses a large-diameter forged wear-resistant steel ball special for mines, which comprises the following chemical components (wt%): 0.8 to 1.2 percent of C, 0.6 to 0.9 percent of Si, 1.2 to 1.5 percent of Mn, 1.0 to 1.5 percent of Cr, 0.1 to 0.3 percent of Mo, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of V, 0.1 to 0.2 percent of Ti, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Al, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Cu, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Zr, 0.05 to 0.15 percent of Hf, 0.08 to 0.2 percent of B, less than or equal to 0.02 percent of P, less than or equal to 0.01 percent of S, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, smelting: adding pig iron, scrap steel, ferromanganese, ferrosilicon, ferrochrome, ferromolybdenum, ferrovanadium, ferrotitanium, ferrozirconium, ferrohafnium, aluminum ingot, copper block and ferroboron into a vacuum induction smelting furnace, heating to 1530-1550 ℃, adjusting each element component in the steel, slagging off, and casting to obtain a casting; s2, forging: heating the casting to 1080-1100 ℃, preserving heat for 1-1.5h, rolling to obtain a blank, forging and forming the blank by adopting an air hammer to obtain a grinding ball blank, and cooling to room temperature by air; s3, heat treatment: putting the grinding ball blank into an electric furnace, heating to 920-940 ℃, preserving heat for 1-2h, water quenching, cooling to room temperature, heating to 340-360 ℃, tempering, preserving heat for 1-2h, and air cooling to room temperature to obtain the grinding ball. The added hardenability elements such as Mn, Mo, Cr, V, Ti, Cu and the like can increase the stability of super-cooled austenite and improve the hardenability of steel, reduce the difference value of the core part and the surface hardness of the large-diameter grinding ball, and the prepared grinding ball has clean and flawless surface, high hardness, good toughness and difficult crushing, has the performance comparable to that of a high-chromium grinding ball, can replace a casting ball to be used for ore wet grinding, and improves the ore grinding efficiency.
At present, the wear resistance and the corrosion resistance of the prior grinding ball can not meet the requirements, and the main reasons are as follows: 1. the low-medium carbon steel has low hardness, so that the wear resistance is poor, and the hardness of the grinding ball core is low and the grinding ball core is out of round due to insufficient hardenability; 2. the low-medium carbon alloy steel uses more alloy elements and has high cost; 3. the high carbon steel cannot eliminate secondary carbide of grain boundary, resulting in grinding ball breakage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to greatly improve the hardness and impact toughness of a high-carbon steel grinding ball, reduce the breakage rate of the grinding ball and improve the wear resistance and corrosion resistance by optimizing the chemical components and the heat treatment process of the high-carbon steel of the grinding ball on the premise of not increasing the production cost of the grinding ball.
The grinding ball material comprises the following chemical components in percentage by mass (wt.%): c: 1.05 to 1.7, Si: 1.6-2.5, Cr: 1.5-2.5, Mn: 0.5-1.5, Mo: 0.5-2.0, P: <0.05, S <0.02, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities.
The grinding ball material of the invention uses a medium frequency induction furnace to prepare molten iron, and the production process comprises the following steps:
heating the molten iron to 1580 ℃ of 1500 ℃ after the molten iron is completely melted, adding a deoxidizing agent for deoxidation, pouring the molten iron into a metal cavity after slagging off, and obtaining a casting after boxing, cleaning and polishing after the molten iron is fully cooled.
High-temperature homogenization treatment: coating an antioxidant on the surface of the casting obtained in the step I, drying, heating to 1050-. The high-temperature homogenization treatment aims to eliminate secondary carbides of high-carbon steel grain boundaries, reduce casting segregation and obtain an ultrafine uniform pearlite structure under a high nucleation driving force.
③ forging: heating the casting obtained in the step II to 1100-; the initial forging ratio is greater than or equal to 1.5, and the final forging ratio is greater than or equal to 2;
fourthly, isothermal quenching treatment: rapidly quenching the forged piece with residual heat of 880 plus 950 ℃ into 50 wt.% KNO3And 50 wt.% NaNO2The temperature of the components is 245-250 ℃ nitrate, the temperature is kept for 5 to 10 minutes, and then 70 wt.% KNO is transferred3And 30 wt.% NaNO3The temperature of the components is 290-350 ℃ nitrate, the temperature is kept for 2-2.5 hours, and then the components are taken out and cooled to the room temperature in the air.
The invention adopts higher carbon content (C: 1.05-1.7%), and can obtain high-carbon steel with higher hardness and better hardenability.
The method uses higher silicon content to inhibit precipitation of bainite cementite in the isothermal quenching process, and obtains bainite without carbide. The carbide belongs to a high potential phase, the existence of the carbide accelerates the corrosion of a surrounding matrix, reduces the corrosion of steel, and the invention has less precipitation of the carbide and effectively improves the corrosion resistance.
The invention only adds Cr and Mo elements besides the basic elements C, Si and Mn of steel. Cr may improve the hardness and corrosion resistance of the matrix. Mo element mainly increases hardenability, ensures the hardness of the grinding ball core part and prolongs the service life of the grinding ball. Compared with multi-alloying, the usage amount of expensive metal is reduced, thereby reducing the cost of the grinding ball.
The invention adds a high-temperature homogenization process before forging so as to reduce secondary carbides at the grain boundary of high-carbon steel and eliminate structure segregation. Meanwhile, after air cooling or mist cooling, the matrix structure obtains fine pearlite under high phase transformation driving force.
After high-temperature pretreatment, the grinding ball is forged and formed by using an air hammer, so that the crystal grains of the grinding ball are refined, and the wear resistance and the impact toughness are increased.
The invention directly puts 50 wt.% KNO after forging3And 50 wt.% NaNO2The temperature of the components is 245-250 ℃ nitrate, the temperature is kept for 5 to 10 minutes, and then 70 wt.% KNO is transferred3And 30 wt.% NaNO3The temperature of the components is 290-350 ℃ nitrate, the temperature is kept for 2-2.5 hours, and then the components are taken out and cooled to the room temperature in the air. The aim is to obtain a carbide-free upper bainite structure with a fine structure.
The deoxidizer and the antioxidant used in the invention can be the deoxidizer and the antioxidant which are conventional in the field.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following characteristics:
1) the invention reduces the production cost of the grinding ball on the basis of improving the wear resistance and the corrosivity, thereby improving the cost performance.
2) The invention eliminates secondary carbide of high-carbon steel grain boundary, obviously improves the impact toughness of the grinding ball, and prevents the grinding ball from generating out-of-round phenomenon under larger impact load.
3) The invention refines the matrix structure by using the process of high-temperature homogenization and forging, and the refinement of the crystal grains has great significance for improving the hardness and the wear resistance of the grinding ball.
4) The grinding ball produced by the invention has the characteristics of high hardness, high wear resistance, high corrosivity and high cost performance, is applied to the grinding ball of a large-diameter wet grinder, and has good market prospect.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
Example 1:
smelting molten iron (wt.%) with the following chemical components by adopting a 600 kg intermediate frequency smelting furnace: c: 1.35, Si: 2.02, Cr: 1.88, Mn: 0.71, Mo: 0.7, P: 0.044; s: 0.004, and the balance of Fe. And heating the molten iron to 1550 ℃ after the molten iron is completely melted, adding a deoxidizing agent for deoxidizing, pouring the molten iron into a metal cavity after slagging off, and obtaining a casting after boxing, cleaning and polishing after the molten iron is fully cooled.
And coating an antioxidant on the surface of the obtained casting, drying, heating to 1080 ℃ by using a box type heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 40min, and performing fog cooling after the casting is taken out of the furnace.
The casting obtained after the homogenization at high temperature was heated to 1100 ℃, and the initial forging and the final forging were performed in a die using an air hammer, the initial forging ratio being 1.7 and the final forging ratio being 2.4. The resulting forged part, which had retained residual heat (about 930 ℃), was rapidly quenched with 50 wt.% KNO3And 50 wt.% NaNO2The components are put into nitrate salt at the temperature of 245 ℃, and after the heat preservation is carried out for 5 minutes, 70 wt.% KNO is transferred3And 30 wt.% NaNO3The temperature of the components is 330 ℃ in nitrate salt, the temperature is kept for 2h, and then the components are taken out and cooled to the room temperature in the air. The mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.
Example 2:
smelting molten iron (wt.%) with the following chemical components by adopting a 600 kg intermediate frequency smelting furnace: c: 1.46, Si: 1.80, Cr: 1.62, Mn:1.2, Mo: 1.22, P: 0.031; s: 0.003 and the balance of Fe. And heating the molten iron to 1570 ℃ after the molten iron is completely melted, adding a deoxidizing agent for deoxidizing, pouring the molten iron into a metal cavity after slagging off, and obtaining a casting after boxing, cleaning and polishing after the molten iron is fully cooled.
And coating an antioxidant on the surface of the obtained casting, drying, heating to 1100 ℃ by using a box type heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 50min, and performing fog cooling after the casting is taken out of the furnace.
The casting obtained after the homogenization at high temperature was heated to 1110 ℃ and subjected to primary forging and final forging in a die using an air hammer, the primary forging ratio being 1.8 and the final forging ratio being 2.5. The resulting forged part, which had retained residual heat (about 910 ℃) was rapidly quenched with 50 wt.% KNO3And 50 wt.% NaNO2The components are put into nitrate salt at the temperature of 250 ℃, and after heat preservation for 7 minutes, the nitrate salt is transferred into 70 wt.% KNO3And 30 wt.% NaNO3The temperature of the components is 300 ℃ in nitrate salt, the temperature is kept for 2 hours, and then the components are taken out and cooled to the room temperature in the air. Mechanics of forceThe properties are shown in Table 1.
Example 3:
smelting molten iron (wt.%) with the following chemical components by adopting a 600 kg intermediate frequency smelting furnace: c: 1.51, Si: 1.92, Cr: 1.03, Mn: 1.14, Mo: 1.09, P: 0.039, S: 0.003 and the balance of Fe. And heating the molten iron to 1560 ℃ after the molten iron is completely melted, adding a deoxidizing agent for deoxidizing, pouring the molten iron into a metal cavity after slagging off, and obtaining a casting after boxing, cleaning and polishing after the molten iron is fully cooled.
And coating an antioxidant on the surface of the obtained casting, drying, heating to 1100 ℃ by using a box type heat treatment furnace, preserving heat for 50min, discharging and air cooling.
The casting obtained after the homogenization at high temperature was heated to 1120 ℃ and subjected to initial forging and final forging in a die using an air hammer, the initial forging ratio being 1.6 and the final forging ratio being 2.2. The resulting forged part, which had retained residual heat (about 900 ℃), was rapidly quenched with 50 wt.% KNO3And 50 wt.% NaNO2The temperature of the components is 247 ℃ in nitrate salt, the mixture is transferred to 70 wt.% KNO after the heat preservation is carried out for 8 minutes3And 30 wt.% NaNO3The temperature of the components is 320 ℃ in nitrate, the temperature is kept for 2.5 hours, and then the components are taken out and cooled to the room temperature in the air. The mechanical properties are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1 mechanical properties of carbide austempered ductile iron
The invention has simple production process and easy operation. Compared with the same-performance wear-resistant material, the material has the advantages of low cost, low breakage rate, good shock absorption and low noise. The grinding balls of the three examples have no phenomena of crushing and out-of-round after being loaded on a wet ball mill with the diameter of 8 meters for 1000 hours.
Claims (3)
1. The preparation method of the high-wear-resistance low-cost steel for forging the wet grinding ball is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
casting: smelting molten steel with the following chemical components by adopting a medium-frequency induction furnace: c: 1.05-1.7%, Si: 1.6-2.5%, Cr: 1.5-2.5%, Mn: 0.5-1.5%, Mo: 0.5-2.0%, P: < 0.05%, S < 0.02%, and the balance Fe and unavoidable impurities; heating to 1580 ℃ of 1500-;
high-temperature homogenization treatment: coating an antioxidant on the surface of the casting obtained in the step I, drying, heating to 1050-; the high-temperature homogenization treatment aims at eliminating secondary carbides of high-carbon steel grain boundaries, reducing casting segregation and obtaining an ultrafine uniform pearlite structure under a higher nucleation driving force;
③ forging: heating the casting obtained in the step II to 1100-;
fourthly, step isothermal quenching treatment: quickly quenching the forged piece with residual heat of 880 plus 950 ℃ into KNO of 50 wt%3And 50 wt.% NaNO2The temperature of the components is 245-250 ℃ nitrate, the temperature is kept for 5 to 10 minutes, and then 70 wt.% KNO is transferred3And 30 wt.% NaNO3The temperature of the components is 290-350 ℃ nitrate, the temperature is kept for 2-2.5 hours, and then the components are taken out and cooled to the room temperature in the air.
2. Steel for wet milling balls prepared according to the method of claim 1.
3. Use of the steel for wet grinding balls prepared according to the method of claim 1 on large diameter wet grinding mill grinding balls.
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