CN115381087A - Efficient extraction process and application of needle mushroom powder - Google Patents
Efficient extraction process and application of needle mushroom powder Download PDFInfo
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- CN115381087A CN115381087A CN202210715005.7A CN202210715005A CN115381087A CN 115381087 A CN115381087 A CN 115381087A CN 202210715005 A CN202210715005 A CN 202210715005A CN 115381087 A CN115381087 A CN 115381087A
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- 235000001674 Agaricus brunnescens Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 71
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 240000006499 Flammulina velutipes Species 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 235000016640 Flammulina velutipes Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 claims description 27
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 9
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000415 inactivating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N α-D-glucopyranosyl-α-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N Trehalose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-WSWWMNSNSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N alpha,alpha-trehalose Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 HDTRYLNUVZCQOY-LIZSDCNHSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009776 industrial production Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012041 food component Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 9
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 7
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 description 7
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 7
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 4
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000001116 FEMA 4028 Substances 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002421 anti-septic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N beta-cyclodextrin Chemical compound OC[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2O[C@@H]([C@@H](O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O[C@H]3O[C@H](CO)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]3O)O)O3)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O[C@@H]1CO WHGYBXFWUBPSRW-FOUAGVGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011175 beta-cyclodextrine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004853 betadex Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009924 canning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001599 direct drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021190 leftovers Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000050 nutritive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000643 oven drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L29/00—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L29/30—Foods or foodstuffs containing additives; Preparation or treatment thereof containing carbohydrate syrups; containing sugars; containing sugar alcohols, e.g. xylitol; containing starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrin
- A23L29/35—Degradation products of starch, e.g. hydrolysates, dextrins; Enzymatically modified starches
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L5/00—Preparation or treatment of foods or foodstuffs, in general; Food or foodstuffs obtained thereby; Materials therefor
- A23L5/10—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying
- A23L5/13—General methods of cooking foods, e.g. by roasting or frying using water or steam
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23V—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES AND LACTIC OR PROPIONIC ACID BACTERIA USED IN FOODSTUFFS OR FOOD PREPARATION
- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Nutrition Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
- Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of A23L31/00, in particular to a high-efficiency extraction process of needle mushroom powder and application thereof. Based on the application requirements and application prospects of the flammulina velutipes, the preparation method of the flammulina velutipes powder is provided for solving the problems that the flammulina velutipes are difficult to store and easy to rot and deteriorate and functional components in dried flammulina velutipes are damaged, the yield of the flammulina velutipes powder is improved on the premise that natural nutritional components in the flammulina velutipes are not influenced, and the large-scale industrial production is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of A23L31/00, in particular to a high-efficiency extraction process of needle mushroom powder and application thereof.
Background
The needle mushroom has higher nutritive value and medicinal value as a medicinal and edible fungus and an ornamental fungus, and has wide development prospect. However, fresh needle mushrooms are high in water content and vigorous in metabolism, are easily rotten and deteriorated under the influence of transportation environment, climate and the like, and dried needle mushrooms are poor in rehydration property and functional components in the product are damaged.
Chinese patent CN1242694C discloses a method for processing wild mushrooms convenient to eat, wherein harvested fresh mushrooms are dried firstly and then soaked in saline water, and mushroom crushed aggregates and leftovers are not used as raw materials, so that functional ingredients in the products are damaged on one hand, and the raw materials are wasted on the other hand. Chinese patent No. 103202462A discloses a method for preparing needle mushroom powder, which comprises rinsing needle mushroom, oven drying, pulverizing, grinding, canning, and sterilizing to obtain needle mushroom powder, but the yield of needle mushroom powder is not high, and antistaling agent and antiseptic are added during grinding, which is not good for human health.
Therefore, based on the application requirements and application prospects of the flammulina velutipes, the preparation method of the flammulina velutipes powder is provided for solving the problems that the flammulina velutipes are difficult to store and easy to rot and deteriorate and functional components in dried flammulina velutipes are damaged, the yield of the flammulina velutipes powder is improved on the premise that natural nutritional components in the flammulina velutipes are not influenced, and the large-scale industrial production is facilitated.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides an efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder on one hand, which at least comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning by adopting a cleaning agent and then carrying out vacuum drying;
s2, crushing the vacuum-dried needle mushrooms to the fineness of 20-100 meshes;
s3, placing the crushed needle mushrooms in a cooking tank filled with water, performing cooking treatment, and then performing low-temperature extraction;
s4, controlling the temperature to be 35-45 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis treatment, heating to 90-100 ℃ after the enzymolysis treatment is finished, inactivating enzymes, cooling and filtering to obtain clarified feed liquid;
s5, carrying out vacuum concentration on the clarified feed liquid obtained after filtration;
and S6, adding functional polysaccharide into the concentrated feed liquid, homogenizing, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the polysaccharide.
As a preferable technical scheme, the temperature of vacuum drying in the step S1 is 50-60 ℃, and on the premise of not damaging active ingredients in the flammulina velutipes, the drying time is shortened and the production efficiency is improved.
As a preferable technical scheme, the cleaning agent in the step S1 contains 0.01-0.1wt% of citric acid and 0.05-0.2wt% of ascorbic acid, and the solvent of the cleaning agent is water.
As a preferable technical scheme, the crushing fineness of the flammulina velutipes in the step S2 is 20-40 meshes, and the inventor discovers that the crushing fineness of the flammulina velutipes is too high based on the process designed by the invention, so that the extraction time can be shortened to a certain extent, but the influence on functional components in the flammulina velutipes is greater during subsequent cooking treatment.
As a preferable technical scheme, the mass ratio of the flammulina velutipes to the water in the step S3 is 1: (30-80); as a preferable technical scheme, the cooking temperature in the step S3 is 80-90 ℃, and the cooking time is 1.5-2h. The inventor finds that the mass ratio of the needle mushroom to the water in the cooking treatment is controlled to be 1: (30-80), and the needle mushroom powder is treated at 80-90 ℃ for 0.5-1.5h, so that the requirements of economy, environmental friendliness and high product quality of large-scale industrial production of the needle mushroom powder are met, the consumption of water is reduced, the cooking time is shortened, and the economy is improved on the premise of ensuring the extraction effect.
As a preferable technical scheme, the enzyme in the enzymolysis treatment is amylase and/or cellulase.
As a preferred technical scheme, the temperature of vacuum concentration in the step S5 is 35-50 ℃;
as a preferable technical scheme, the mass ratio of the functional polysaccharide to the feed liquid in the step S6 is 1: (8-15); preferably, the functional polysaccharide is one or more of maltodextrin, trehalose and cyclodextrin. Preferably, the functional polysaccharide in step S6 is maltodextrin. The inventor finds that the mass ratio of the functional polysaccharide to the feed liquid is controlled to be 1: (8-15), especially when the functional polysaccharide is maltodextrin, the water content of the prepared needle mushroom powder is reduced, the yield of the needle mushroom powder is improved, and the retention of functional components in the product is facilitated. The inventor probably analyzes the reason that the introduction of maltodextrin with certain mass reduces the particle size of fog drops in the subsequent spray drying process, so that the moisture in the fog drops is easier to migrate to the surface, the fog drop drying is promoted, and the spray drying effect is improved. However, the content of maltodextrin is too high, so that the taste and color of the needle mushroom powder product are influenced.
As a preferred technical scheme, the air inlet temperature in the spray drying in the step S6 is 160-170 ℃;
as a preferable technical scheme, the feeding flow rate in the spray drying in the step S6 is 10-100mL/min; preferably, the feeding flow rate in the spray drying in the step S6 is 10-25mL/min;
the inventor finds that the yield of the needle mushroom powder and the property stability of the product are improved by controlling the inlet air temperature in spray drying to be 160-170 ℃ and controlling the feeding flow to be 10-25mL/min in the research process. The inventor analyzes the reason probably that under the temperature and the feeding flow, liquid drops atomized by the atomizer are small, the mass transfer and heat transfer of the atomized liquid drops are improved, the heat required by evaporation of the heat and the water in the drying chamber is balanced, the drying process of the liquid drops is enhanced, the water content in the needle mushroom powder is reduced, the wall sticking phenomenon in the spray drying process is avoided, and the yield of the needle mushroom powder and the property stability of the product are improved. And the feeding flow is too high or the air inlet temperature is too high, the heat and mass transfer efficiency of liquid drops in the drying chamber is reduced, the drying difficulty is increased, the water content of the product is increased, and the product is easy to contact with the wall of the drying chamber to generate a wall sticking phenomenon, so that the yield is reduced.
On the other hand, the invention provides the application of the needle mushroom powder high-efficiency extraction process, which is applied to preparing the needle mushroom powder.
Has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention provides an efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder, which improves the yield of the needle mushroom powder on the premise of not influencing natural nutritional ingredients in needle mushrooms and is beneficial to realizing large-scale industrial production.
2. According to the invention, the mass ratio of the needle mushroom to the water in the cooking treatment is controlled to be 1: (30-80), and the treatment is carried out for 0.5-1.5h at the temperature of 80-90 ℃, meanwhile, the requirements of economy, environmental protection and high product quality of large-scale industrial production of the needle mushroom powder are met, the consumption of water is reduced, the cooking time is shortened, and the economy is improved on the premise of ensuring the extraction effect.
3. The invention controls the mass ratio of the functional polysaccharide to the feed liquid to be 1: (8-15), especially when the functional polysaccharide is maltodextrin, the water content of the prepared needle mushroom powder is reduced, the yield of the needle mushroom powder is improved, and the retention of functional components in the product is facilitated.
4. The method improves the yield of the needle mushroom powder and the property stability of the product by controlling the inlet air temperature in spray drying to be 160-170 ℃ and controlling the feed flow to be 10-25mL/min.
Detailed Description
Example 1
The embodiment 1 of the invention provides an efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning by adopting a cleaning agent and then carrying out vacuum drying;
s2, crushing the vacuum-dried needle mushrooms to the fineness of 30 meshes;
s3, placing the crushed needle mushrooms in a cooking tank filled with water for cooking treatment, and then extracting at a low temperature;
s4, controlling the temperature to be 37 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis treatment, heating to 90 ℃ after the enzymolysis treatment is finished, inactivating enzyme, cooling and filtering to obtain clarified feed liquid;
s5, carrying out vacuum concentration on the clarified feed liquid obtained after filtration;
and S6, adding functional polysaccharide into the concentrated feed liquid, homogenizing, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the polysaccharide.
The temperature of the vacuum drying in the step S1 is 55 ℃.
The cleaning agent in the step S1 contains 0.05wt% of citric acid and 0.1wt% of ascorbic acid, and the solvent of the cleaning agent is water.
In the step S2, the crushing fineness of the needle mushrooms is 30 meshes.
In the step S3, the mass ratio of the flammulina velutipes to the water is 1:50; the temperature of the cooking treatment in the step S3 is 90 ℃, and the cooking treatment time is 1.5h.
The enzymes in the enzymolysis treatment in the step S4 are amylase and cellulase, and the mass ratio of the amylase to the cellulase is 1.
The temperature of vacuum concentration in the step S5 is 40 ℃;
the mass ratio of the functional polysaccharide to the feed liquid in the step S6 is 1:10; the functional polysaccharide in the step S6 is maltodextrin.
The air inlet temperature in the spray drying in the step S6 is 170 ℃;
the feeding flow rate in the spray drying in the step S6 is 18mL/min;
on the other hand, the embodiment 1 of the invention provides an application of an efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder, which is applied to preparing the needle mushroom powder.
Example 2
The embodiment 2 of the invention provides an efficient flammulina velutipes powder extraction process on the one hand, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning by adopting a cleaning agent and then carrying out vacuum drying;
s2, crushing the vacuum-dried needle mushrooms to the fineness of 40 meshes;
s3, placing the crushed needle mushrooms in a cooking tank filled with water for cooking treatment, and then extracting at a low temperature;
s4, controlling the temperature to be 42 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis treatment, raising the temperature to 90 ℃ after the enzymolysis treatment is finished, inactivating enzyme, cooling and filtering to obtain clarified feed liquid;
s5, carrying out vacuum concentration on the clarified feed liquid obtained after filtration;
and S6, adding functional polysaccharide into the concentrated feed liquid, homogenizing, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the polysaccharide.
The temperature of the vacuum drying in the step S1 is 55 ℃.
The cleaning agent in the step S1 contains 0.05wt% of citric acid and 0.1wt% of ascorbic acid, and the solvent of the cleaning agent is water.
In the step S2, the crushing fineness of the needle mushrooms is 40 meshes.
In the step S3, the mass ratio of the needle mushroom to the water is 1:80; the cooking temperature in the step S3 is 80 ℃, and the cooking time is 2h.
The enzymes in the enzymolysis treatment in the step S4 are amylase and cellulase, and the mass ratio of the amylase to the cellulase is 1.
The temperature of vacuum concentration in the step S5 is 45 ℃;
the mass ratio of the functional polysaccharide to the feed liquid in the step S6 is 1:15; the functional polysaccharide in the step S6 is maltodextrin.
The air inlet temperature in the spray drying in the step S6 is 160 ℃;
the feeding flow rate in the spray drying in the step S6 is 10mL/min;
on the other hand, the embodiment 2 of the invention provides application of an efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder, which is applied to preparation of needle mushroom powder.
Example 3
In one aspect, the embodiment 3 of the invention provides an efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder, which comprises the following steps:
s1, cleaning by adopting a cleaning agent and then carrying out vacuum drying;
s2, crushing the vacuum-dried needle mushrooms to the fineness of 20 meshes;
s3, placing the crushed needle mushrooms in a cooking tank filled with water for cooking treatment, and then extracting at a low temperature;
s4, controlling the temperature to be 35 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis treatment, heating to 90 ℃ after the enzymolysis treatment is finished, inactivating enzyme, cooling and filtering to obtain clarified feed liquid;
s5, carrying out vacuum concentration on the filtered clarified feed liquid;
and S6, adding functional polysaccharide into the concentrated feed liquid, homogenizing, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the polysaccharide.
The temperature of the vacuum drying in the step S1 is 50 ℃.
The cleaning agent in the step S1 contains 0.05wt% of citric acid and 0.1wt% of ascorbic acid, and the solvent of the cleaning agent is water.
In the step S2, the crushing fineness of the flammulina velutipes is 20 meshes.
In the step S3, the mass ratio of the flammulina velutipes to the water is 1:30, of a nitrogen-containing gas; the temperature of the cooking treatment in the step S3 is 85 ℃, and the cooking treatment time is 1.5h.
The enzymes in the enzymolysis treatment in the step S4 are amylase and cellulase, and the mass ratio of the amylase to the cellulase is 1.
The temperature of vacuum concentration in the step S5 is 35 ℃;
the mass ratio of the functional polysaccharide to the feed liquid in the step S6 is 1:8; the functional polysaccharide in the step S6 is maltodextrin.
The air inlet temperature in the spray drying in the step S6 is 170 ℃;
the feeding flow rate in the spray drying in the step S6 is 25mL/min;
on the other hand, the embodiment 3 of the invention provides an application of an efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder, which is applied to preparing the needle mushroom powder.
Comparative example 1
The invention provides a comparative example 1 for an efficient extraction process of flammulina velutipes powder, which is the same as that in example 1 in the specific implementation mode, and is characterized in that the mass ratio of the functional polysaccharide to the feed liquid in the step S6 is 1:20; the functional polysaccharide in the step S6 is beta-cyclodextrin.
Comparative example 2
The invention provides a comparative example 2 which provides an efficient extraction process of flammulina velutipes powder, and the specific implementation mode is the same as that of example 1, except that the air inlet temperature in the spray drying in the step S6 is 220 ℃.
Comparative example 3
Comparative example 3 of the present invention provides an efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder, which is the same as example 1 in the specific implementation manner, except that the feed flow rate in the spray drying in step S6 is 50mL/min.
Performance test method
1. The yield of the needle mushroom powder obtained in the examples and the comparative examples was calculated by the formula (yield = spray-dried powder (g)/total solid content of feed liquid (g) × 100%) before spray-drying, in which the feed liquid before spray-drying was dried to a constant weight, and recorded as the total solid content (g) of the feed liquid before spray-drying, and the results are shown in table 1.
2. With reference to GB/T5009.3-2010, the moisture content of the needle mushroom powder obtained in examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-3 was measured by a direct drying method, and the results of the performance test are shown in Table 1.
Referring to table 1, table 1 shows performance test data of needle mushroom powders prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 3.
| Test item | Yield (%) | Water content (%) |
| Example 1 | 51.2 | 4.0 |
| Example 2 | 51.0 | 4.1 |
| Example 3 | 50.8 | 4.2 |
| Comparative example 1 | 35.5 | 6.5 |
| Comparative example 2 | 40.2 | 4.6 |
| Comparative example 3 | 30.5 | 5.8 |
Claims (10)
1. An efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder is characterized by at least comprising the following steps:
s1, cleaning by adopting a cleaning agent and then carrying out vacuum drying;
s2, crushing the vacuum-dried needle mushrooms to the fineness of 20-100 meshes;
s3, placing the crushed needle mushrooms in a cooking tank filled with water, performing cooking treatment, and then performing low-temperature extraction;
s4, controlling the temperature to be 35-45 ℃, carrying out enzymolysis treatment, heating to 90-100 ℃ after the enzymolysis treatment is finished, inactivating enzyme, cooling and filtering to obtain clarified feed liquid;
s5, carrying out vacuum concentration on the clarified feed liquid obtained after filtration;
and S6, adding functional polysaccharide into the concentrated feed liquid, homogenizing, and then carrying out spray drying to obtain the polysaccharide.
2. The efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of vacuum drying in step S1 is 50-60 ℃.
3. The efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pulverizing fineness of needle mushroom in the step S2 is 20-40 mesh.
4. The efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of needle mushroom to water in the step S3 is 1: (30-80).
5. The efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder as claimed in claim 1, wherein the temperature of the cooking treatment in the step S3 is 80-90 ℃, and the cooking treatment time is 1.5-2h.
6. The efficient flammulina velutipes powder extraction process according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the functional polysaccharide to the feed liquid in the step S6 is 1: (8-15).
7. The efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder as claimed in claim 6, wherein the functional polysaccharide is one or more of maltodextrin, trehalose and cyclodextrin.
8. The efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder as claimed in claim 7, wherein the temperature of the inlet air in the spray drying in the step S6 is 160-170 ℃.
9. The efficient extraction process of needle mushroom powder as claimed in claim 8, wherein the feeding flow rate in the spray drying in the step S6 is 10-25mL/min.
10. An application of the needle mushroom powder high-efficiency extraction process according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by being applied to preparing needle mushroom powder.
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