CN115381000A - 冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂及其组成的冻干宠物食品 - Google Patents
冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂及其组成的冻干宠物食品 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN115381000A CN115381000A CN202210857868.8A CN202210857868A CN115381000A CN 115381000 A CN115381000 A CN 115381000A CN 202210857868 A CN202210857868 A CN 202210857868A CN 115381000 A CN115381000 A CN 115381000A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- antioxidant
- parts
- freeze
- pet food
- natural
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 135
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 127
- 229930014626 natural product Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 38
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 140
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 70
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 229940092258 rosemary extract Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 235000020748 rosemary extract Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000001233 rosmarinus officinalis l. extract Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O QAQJMLQRFWZOBN-LAUBAEHRSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011786 L-ascorbyl-6-palmitate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000010385 ascorbyl palmitate Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000004320 sodium erythorbate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 claims abstract 6
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 claims description 54
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-methyl-2,4-dioxo-1,3-diazinane-5-carboximidamide Chemical compound CN1CC(C(N)=N)C(=O)NC1=O IXPNQXFRVYWDDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 235000010413 sodium alginate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 229940005550 sodium alginate Drugs 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- QRYRORQUOLYVBU-VBKZILBWSA-N carnosic acid Chemical group CC([C@@H]1CC2)(C)CCC[C@]1(C(O)=O)C1=C2C=C(C(C)C)C(O)=C1O QRYRORQUOLYVBU-VBKZILBWSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002532 grape seed extract Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940087603 grape seed extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012257 stirred material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001717 vitis vinifera seed extract Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000202807 Glycyrrhiza Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010418 carrageenan Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000679 carrageenan Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001525 carrageenan Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940113118 carrageenan Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LTINPJMVDKPJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodinated glycerol Chemical compound CC(I)C1OCC(CO)O1 LTINPJMVDKPJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003799 tocopherol Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960001295 tocopherol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010384 tocopherol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011732 tocopherol Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000010493 xanthan gum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000230 xanthan gum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001285 xanthan gum Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940082509 xanthan gum Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L zinc;1-(5-cyanopyridin-2-yl)-3-[(1s,2s)-2-(6-fluoro-2-hydroxy-3-propanoylphenyl)cyclopropyl]urea;diacetate Chemical compound [Zn+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C([C@H]2[C@H](C2)NC(=O)NC=2N=CC(=CC=2)C#N)=C1O UHVMMEOXYDMDKI-JKYCWFKZSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N α-tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2O[C@@](CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-IEOSBIPESA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009044 synergistic interaction Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 25
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 25
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 229960004106 citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 15
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 13
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 10
- WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malondialdehyde Chemical compound O=CCC=O WSMYVTOQOOLQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical class [H]S* 0.000 description 9
- 229940045997 vitamin a Drugs 0.000 description 9
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 13-cis retinol Natural products OCC=C(C)C=CC=C(C)C=CC1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N Vitamin A Natural products OC/C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(\C)/C=C/C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-BOOMUCAASA-N 0.000 description 8
- FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N all-trans-retinol Chemical compound OC\C=C(/C)\C=C\C=C(/C)\C=C\C1=C(C)CCCC1(C)C FPIPGXGPPPQFEQ-OVSJKPMPSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 235000019155 vitamin A Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 239000011719 vitamin A Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 alkyl peroxy radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 6
- 229940118019 malondialdehyde Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(C=C2O[C@@H]1C=1C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N GCG Natural products C=1C(O)=C(O)C(O)=CC=1C1OC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2CC1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229940030275 epigallocatechin gallate Drugs 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenol group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC=C1)O ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000002835 absorbance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000019197 fats Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012460 protein solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 3
- YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N (+)-Biotin Chemical compound N1C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H](CCCCC(=O)O)SC[C@@H]21 YBJHBAHKTGYVGT-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethoxyquinoline Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=NC(OCC)=CC=C21 AZJQQNWSSLCLJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 2
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003064 anti-oxidating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N folic acid Chemical compound C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-LBPRGKRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002432 hydroperoxides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxine Chemical compound CC1=NC=C(CO)C(CO)=C1O LXNHXLLTXMVWPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004053 quinones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N taurine Chemical compound NCCS(O)(=O)=O XOAAWQZATWQOTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000013616 tea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- AXAVXPMQTGXXJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-aminoacetic acid;2-amino-2-(hydroxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical compound NCC(O)=O.OCC(N)(CO)CO AXAVXPMQTGXXJZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- KIUMMUBSPKGMOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3'-Dithiobis(6-nitrobenzoic acid) Chemical compound C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C(C(=O)O)=CC(SSC=2C=C(C(=CC=2)[N+]([O-])=O)C(O)=O)=C1 KIUMMUBSPKGMOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000972773 Aulopiformes Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004151 Calcium iodate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-Lyxoflavin Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000000638 D-biotin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011665 D-biotin Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000303040 Glycyrrhiza glabra Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006200 Glycyrrhiza glabra Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000168517 Haematococcus lacustris Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002774 Maltodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005913 Maltodextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ABSPRNADVQNDOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Menaquinone 1 Natural products C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(CC=C(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)C2=C1 ABSPRNADVQNDOU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Pteroyl-L-glutaminsaeure Natural products C=1N=C2NC(N)=NC(=O)C2=NC=1CNC1=CC=C(C(=O)NC(CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C=C1 OVBPIULPVIDEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVNLLIYOARQCIX-MSHCCFNRSA-N Nisin Chemical compound N1C(=O)[C@@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)C(=C)NC(=O)[C@@H]([C@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)C(=C/C)/NC(=O)[C@H](N)[C@H](C)CC)CSC[C@@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]1C(=O)N2CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(NCC(=O)N[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCSC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](CS[C@@H]2C)C(=O)N[C@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]2C(N[C@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]3C(=O)N[C@@H](C(N[C@H](CC=4NC=NC=4)C(=O)N[C@H](CS[C@@H]3C)C(=O)N[C@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H]([C@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H](CC=3NC=NC=3)C(=O)N[C@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NC(=C)C(=O)N[C@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O)=O)CS[C@@H]2C)=O)=O)CS[C@@H]1C NVNLLIYOARQCIX-MSHCCFNRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010053775 Nisin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010084695 Pea Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N Riboflavin Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)CN1C=2C=C(C)C(C)=CC=2N=C2C1=NC(=O)NC2=O AUNGANRZJHBGPY-SCRDCRAPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000269851 Sarda sarda Species 0.000 description 1
- BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N Selenium Chemical compound [Se] BUGBHKTXTAQXES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930003451 Vitamin B1 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003779 Vitamin B12 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003471 Vitamin B2 Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N [14c]-nicotinamide Chemical compound N[14C](=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 DFPAKSUCGFBDDF-ZQBYOMGUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960004543 anhydrous citric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019730 animal feed additive Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 1
- OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N biuret Chemical compound NC(=O)NC(N)=O OHJMTUPIZMNBFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L calcium D-pantothenic acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O.OCC(C)(C)[C@@H](O)C(=O)NCCC([O-])=O FAPWYRCQGJNNSJ-UBKPKTQASA-L 0.000 description 1
- UHWJJLGTKIWIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium iodate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]I(=O)=O.[O-]I(=O)=O UHWJJLGTKIWIJO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019390 calcium iodate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 description 1
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L cobalt(3+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+3].N#[C-].N([C@@H]([C@]1(C)[N-]\C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C(\C)/C1=N/C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C\C1=N\C([C@H](C1(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=C/1C)[C@@H]2CC(N)=O)=C\1[C@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](N2C3=CC(C)=C(C)C=C3N=C2)O[C@@H]1CO FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N d-xylitol Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)C(O)[C@H](O)CO HEBKCHPVOIAQTA-NGQZWQHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001934 delay Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- LJQKCYFTNDAAPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol;ethyl acetate Chemical compound CCO.CCOC(C)=O LJQKCYFTNDAAPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019688 fish Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229930003935 flavonoid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000017173 flavonoids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002215 flavonoids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019152 folic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960000304 folic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011724 folic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N fructooligosaccharide Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@](CO)(OC[C@@]2(OC[C@@]3(OC[C@@]4(OC[C@@]5(OC[C@@]6(OC[C@@]7(OC[C@@]8(OC[C@@]9(OC[C@@]%10(OC[C@@]%11(O[C@H]%12O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]%12O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%11O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]%10O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]9O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]8O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]7O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]6O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]5O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]4O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]3O)O[C@H](CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]2O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O FTSSQIKWUOOEGC-RULYVFMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107187 fructooligosaccharide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012055 fruits and vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N glycyrrhizinic acid Chemical compound O([C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1C([C@H]2[C@]([C@@H]3[C@@]([C@@]4(CC[C@@]5(C)CC[C@@](C)(C[C@H]5C4=CC3=O)C(O)=O)C)(C)CC2)(C)CC1)(C)C)C(O)=O)[C@@H]1O[C@H](C(O)=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O LPLVUJXQOOQHMX-QWBHMCJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011477 liquorice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 229940035034 maltodextrin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SNVLJLYUUXKWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylidenecarbene Chemical group C=[C] SNVLJLYUUXKWOJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004309 nisin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010297 nisin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000020660 omega-3 fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020665 omega-6 fatty acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- NEGYEDYHPHMHGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N para-methoxyamphetamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(CC(C)N)C=C1 NEGYEDYHPHMHGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019702 pea protein Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097156 peroxyl Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009048 phenolic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000007965 phenolic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002530 phenolic antioxidant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019175 phylloquinone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011772 phylloquinone Substances 0.000 description 1
- SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N phylloquinone Natural products CC(C)CCCCC(C)CCC(C)CCCC(=CCC1=C(C)C(=O)c2ccccc2C1=O)C SHUZOJHMOBOZST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBWXNTAXLNYFJB-NKFFZRIASA-N phylloquinone Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C(C/C=C(C)/CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C(C)C(=O)C2=C1 MBWXNTAXLNYFJB-NKFFZRIASA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001898 phytomenadione Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000020777 polyunsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003755 preservative agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridoxal hydrochloride Natural products CC1=NC=C(CO)C(C=O)=C1O RADKZDMFGJYCBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002477 riboflavin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019515 salmon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940119224 salmon oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011669 selenium Substances 0.000 description 1
- PPASLZSBLFJQEF-LNPKWJEUSA-M sodium (2S)-2-[(1R)-1,2-dihydroxyethyl]-4-hydroxy-5-oxo-2H-furan-3-olate Chemical compound [Na+].O=C1C(O)=C([O-])[C@@H](O1)[C@H](O)CO PPASLZSBLFJQEF-LNPKWJEUSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003080 taurine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M thiamine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N DPJRMOMPQZCRJU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009777 vacuum freeze-drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010374 vitamin B1 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011691 vitamin B1 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019163 vitamin B12 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011715 vitamin B12 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019164 vitamin B2 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011716 vitamin B2 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019158 vitamin B6 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011726 vitamin B6 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N vitamin D3 Chemical compound C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C\C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-YRZJJWOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005282 vitamin D3 Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011647 vitamin D3 Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940011671 vitamin b6 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940021056 vitamin d3 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/40—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for carnivorous animals, e.g. cats or dogs
- A23K50/42—Dry feed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/116—Heterocyclic compounds
- A23K20/121—Heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen or sulfur as hetero atom
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/90—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in food processing or handling, e.g. food conservation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
Abstract
冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂及其组成的冻干宠物食品,其天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:主抗氧化剂20‑60份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物、茶多酚和维生素E;增效剂20‑60份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、D‑异抗坏血酸钠和柠檬酸;稳定剂5‑25份,载体1‑10份。该冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,其主抗氧化剂迷迭香提取物、茶多酚和维生素E相互之间存在极强的协同增效作用,相对于现有技术中单一的迷迭香提取物作为抗氧化剂、或采用迷迭香提取物和茶多酚组合等复配抗氧化剂,其抗氧化效果高达现有复配抗氧化剂的130%以上。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及动物饲料添加剂的技术领域,尤其是涉及一种冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂及其组成的冻干宠物食品。
背景技术
冻干宠物食品一般会采用纯天然畜禽肝肉、鱼虾、水果、蔬菜为原料,不添加任何防腐剂和色素,采用真空冷冻干燥工艺,彻底杀灭原料中可能存在的微生物细菌,对宠物来说十分安全。
冻干宠物食品是常见的宠物饲料之一,其必要组分包括不饱和脂肪酸,例如,n-3和n-6脂肪酸。因此,冻干宠物食品通常易受到脂质氧化。不饱和脂肪酸被光、热或金属催化剂等活化,使其双键相邻的亚甲基碳原子有一个H原子被解离,形成不稳定的脂质自由基,尤其是富含多不饱和脂肪酸的油脂,易发生氧化酸败,产生各种有害的醛、酸等氧化产物,并且引起产品的品质发生劣变,从而危害宠物的健康。因此,提高冻干宠物食品的氧化稳定性尤为重要。
CN 111165714 A公开了一种宠物食品专用抗氧化剂,该抗氧化剂包括茶多酚60%、迷迭香提取物10%、乙氧基喹啉5%、无水柠檬酸5%和二氧化硅20%,该抗氧化剂添加了合成的化学成分乙氧基喹啉,不能满足冻干宠物食品高安全性的需求。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:克服现有技术的不足,提供一种采用天然成分作为主抗氧化剂原料,且安全性高、抗氧化性能良好的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,以及添加本发明的天然复配抗氧化剂的冻干宠物食品。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:
主抗氧化剂20-60份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物、茶多酚和维生素E;
增效剂20-60份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、D-异抗坏血酸钠和柠檬酸;
稳定剂5-25份,载体1-10份。
优选,所述迷迭香提取物的主要成分为鼠尾草酸,所述维生素E是指从天然植物中提取、浓缩获得的混合生育酚。
可选地,主抗氧化剂还包括甘草抗氧化物、竹叶抗氧化物、葡萄籽提取物中的一种或多种天然抗氧化剂;
在某一示范实施例中,所述稳定剂为海藻酸钠、卡拉胶、黄原胶中的一种组成,所述载体为二氧化硅、啤酒酵母粉、蒙脱石粉、麦饭石粉中的任一一种,优选的,载体为二氧化硅。
冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:
主抗氧化剂30-40份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物18-28份、茶多酚4-6份和维生素E 5-8份;
增效剂37-46份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯9-12份、D-异抗坏血酸钠23-28份和柠檬酸5-7份;
稳定剂海藻酸钠15-22份,载体二氧化硅4-8份。
冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)往槽式单桨混合机中投入配方比例的二氧化硅,开启混合机搅拌,然后,缓慢均匀地倒入液体状的维生素E,加完后继续搅拌8-10分钟,接着,按配方比例投入抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、D-异抗坏血酸钠和柠檬酸,一起搅拌均匀即可放料;
(2)把搅拌出的物料过摇摆式颗粒机(20目筛),得到半成品;
(3)依次将海藻酸钠、迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、半成品投入双轴桨叶混合机中混合2-3分钟即可出料,得到复配抗氧化剂。
一种冻干宠物食品,包括上述的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂。
所述冻干宠物食品为全家冻干猫粮或狗粮。
本发明一种冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的有益效果:
迷迭香提取物,其有效成分鼠尾草酸在发挥抗氧化过程中会转变为醌类物质,其酚羟基上的H更倾向于与油脂氧化过程中产生的烷基自由基反应,茶多酚,其有效成分表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)倾向于与烷过氧自由基反应,维生素E能与烷氧自由基或烷过氧自由基反应,三种主抗氧化剂均向脂质自由基提供H,使脂质氧化的自由基链式反应中断,从而实现抗氧化效果。相对于单一的抗氧化剂,当迷迭香提取物、茶多酚和维生素E三者同时存在时,可作用于冻干宠物食品中脂质氧化过程的不同位点,发挥各自的抗氧化机制,协同增效,进而有效抑制体食品体系中的脂质自由基、氢过氧化物和次级氧化产物的产生,显著提高其抗氧化效果。
增效剂中的抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯和D-抗坏血酸钠能降低宠物食品体系中的氧含量,还原氢过氧化物,而且能通过自身被氧化和提供H给迷迭香提取物、茶多酚及维生素E,使其再生,从而减慢主抗氧化剂的损耗。柠檬酸能螯合宠物食品体系中的金属离子,以消除其对油脂氧化的催化活性,与迷迭香提取物、茶多酚等酚型抗氧化剂复配使用时能起到协同增效的作用。
本发明的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂用于全价冻干猫粮中,能有效防止冻干猫粮的脂肪氧化,抑制脂溶性维生素和色素的氧化损失,保持冻干猫粮的营养、色泽和风味,延长其保质期。
本发明的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂用于全价冻干猫粮中,相比现有技术中单一的迷迭香提取物作为抗氧化剂、或采用迷迭香提取物和茶多酚组合的复配抗氧化剂(如CN111165714A公开的一种宠物食品专用抗氧化剂),其抗氧化性能有显著提高,高达现有复配抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能的130%以上,应证了本申请的主抗氧化剂迷迭香提取物、茶多酚和维生素E相互之间存在极强的协同增效作用。
附图说明
图1—为添加对比例1-3中复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮和添加实施例2中冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮在储藏过程中的酸价变化趋势分析图;
图2—为添加对比例1-3中复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮和添加实施例2中冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮品在储藏过程中的过氧化值变化趋势分析图;
图3—为添加对比例1-3中复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮和添加实施例2中冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮品在储藏过程中的丙二醛变化趋势分析图;
图4—为添加对比例1-3中复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮和添加实施例2中冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮品在储藏过程中的维生素A变化趋势分析图;
图5—为添加对比例1-3中复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮和添加实施例2中冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮品在储藏过程中的羰基含量变化趋势分析图;
图6—为添加对比例1-3中复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮和添加实施例2中冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮品在储藏过程中的总巯基含量变化趋势分析图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步说明。
本发明中各对比例、实施例中的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂用于全价冻干猫粮中,通过检测存储不同时段后全价冻干猫粮中酸价、过氧化值、丙二醛,维生素A含量,蛋白质羰基和总巯基含量的变化,具体各理化参数的测定方法如下。
酸价、过氧化值、丙二醛和维生素A测定方法:分别按照GB/T 19164-2003附录B、GB5009.227-2016、GB 5009.181-2016和GB/T 17817-2010的方法进行测定。
蛋白质羰基含量测定方法:取1mL 10mmol/L 2,4-二硝基苯肼溶液,加入装有3mL5mg/mL蛋白溶液的塑料离心管中,室温下静置1h(每15min振荡1次),然后加入1mL 20%三氯乙酸溶液,在10000r/min条件下离心5min(4℃),取沉淀,用乙酸乙酯-乙醇(1:1)洗涤3次,以除去未反应的试剂,然后加入3mL盐酸胍溶液(6mol/L),在37℃保温15min溶解沉淀,在10000r/min条件下离心5min(4℃)除去不溶物质。对照组开始加入1mL的盐酸(2mol/L),其余操作相同。得到的蛋白溶液在370nm波长处测定吸光度,蛋白含量用双缩脲法测定。羰基含量用吸光度除以蛋白含量来表示,单位为nmol/mg,分子消光系数为22000L/(mol·cm)。
蛋白质总巯基含量测定方法:量取8mL Tris-甘氨酸溶液(含10.4g/L Tris、0.9g/L甘氨酸、1.2g/L EDTA和8mol/L尿素,pH8.0)和1mL 5mg/mL蛋白溶液,置于塑料离心管中;均质后,在10000r/min条件下离心15min(4℃),除去不溶性蛋白;量取4.5mL上清液,加入0.5mL Ellman试剂,充分混匀,室温下静置30min,在412nm波长处测定吸光度,计算蛋白中总巯基含量,使用的分子吸光系数为13600L/(mol·cm)。
空白对照例
全价冻干猫粮的原料组成包括鸡肉、鸭肉、鸡肝、三文鱼、鸡肉粉、鲣鱼粉、三文鱼油、豌豆蛋白粉、花生蛋白粉、紫薯粉、木薯粉、麦芽糊精、雨生红球藻等其他原料,所述全价冻干猫粮的添加剂包括果寡糖、低聚木糖、维生素A、维生素D3、维生素E、维生素C、维生素B1、维生素B2、维生素B6、维生素B12、维生素K1、烟酰胺、D-泛酸钙、D-生物素、叶酸、氯化胆碱、蛋白铜、蛋白铁、蛋白锌、蛋白锰、碘酸钙、酵母硒、乳酸链球菌素、牛磺酸等添加剂。
所述全价冻干猫粮的制备方法包括物料解冻、前处理、速冻、分切摆盘、速冻冻结、真空干燥、品检、卸料、包装等步骤。
实施例1
本实施例的一种冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:
主抗氧化剂31份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物18份、茶多酚5份和维生素E8份;
增效剂46份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯11份、D-异抗坏血酸钠28份和柠檬酸7份;
稳定剂海藻酸钠15份,载体二氧化硅8份。
本实施例的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的制备方法:包括以下步骤:
(1)往槽式单桨混合机中投入配方比例的二氧化硅,开启混合机搅拌,然后,缓慢均匀地倒入液体状的维生素E,加完后继续搅拌8分钟,接着,按配方比例投入抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、D-异抗坏血酸钠和柠檬酸,一起搅拌4分钟即可放料;
(2)把搅拌出的物料过摇摆式颗粒机(20目筛),得到半成品;
(3)依次将海藻酸钠、迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、半成品投入双轴桨叶混合机中混合2-3分钟即可出料,得到复配抗氧化剂。
实施例2
本实施例的一种冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:
主抗氧化剂35份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物23份、茶多酚6份和维生素E6份;
增效剂41份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯12份、D-异抗坏血酸钠24份和柠檬酸5份;
稳定剂海藻酸钠18份,载体二氧化硅6份。
本实施例的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的制备方法同实施例1。
实施例3
本实施例的一种冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:
主抗氧化剂37份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物28份、茶多酚4份和维生素E5份;
增效剂37份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯9份、D-异抗坏血酸钠23份和柠檬酸5份;
稳定剂海藻酸钠22份,载体二氧化硅4份。
本实施例的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的制备方法同实施例1。
对比例1
冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:
主抗氧化剂迷迭香提取物35份;
增效剂46份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯11份、D-异抗坏血酸钠28份和柠檬酸7份;
稳定剂海藻酸钠15份,载体二氧化硅8份。
对比例2
冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:
主抗氧化剂35份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物23份和维生素E12份;
增效剂46份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯11份、D-异抗坏血酸钠28份和柠檬酸7份;
稳定剂海藻酸钠15份,载体二氧化硅8份。
对比例3
冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:
主抗氧化剂35份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物23份和茶多酚12份;
增效剂46份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯11份、D-异抗坏血酸钠28份和柠檬酸7份;
稳定剂海藻酸钠15份,载体二氧化硅8份。
对比例4
冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:
主抗氧化剂64份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物30份、茶多酚18份和维生素E16份;柠檬酸5份;稳定剂海藻酸钠18份,载体二氧化硅13份。
对比例5
冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:
主抗氧化剂35份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物23份、茶多酚6份和维生素E6份;
增效剂46份,所述增效剂包括D-异抗坏血酸钠36份和柠檬酸5份;
稳定剂海藻酸钠18份,载体二氧化硅6份。
分别将对比例1-5、实施例1-3中的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂添加至空白对比例的全价冻干猫粮中,然后,将添加不同抗氧化剂的冻干猫粮样品用铝箔袋包装,密封,在温度45℃、湿度70%条件下的恒温恒湿箱中进行加速破坏试验,并分别测定不同存储时间段后的冻干猫粮中酸价、过氧化值、丙二醛,维生素A含量,蛋白质羰基和总巯基含量的变化,检测结果如表1-3所示。
表1全价冻干猫粮的酸价和过氧化值变化情况
表2全价冻干猫粮的丙二醛和维生素A含量变化情况
表3全价冻干猫粮的蛋白质羰基和巯基含量变化情况
根据表1-3的检测实验数据结果可知:添加了实施例1-3和对比例1-5的复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮,全价冻干猫粮的酸价、过氧化值、丙二醛、羰基含量均随储藏时间的增加而不断上升,而维生素A和总巯基含量均随储藏时间的增加而递减,且空白对照例中的全价冻干猫粮在实验周期内只有空白组在存储45天以后出现了哈喇味,且冻干猫粮的颜色发生明显变化,空白对照例中的全价冻干猫粮的酸价、过氧化值、丙二醛、羰基含量的上升速度、及其维生素A和总巯基含量下降的速度均远远高于添加了实施例1-3和对比例1-5的复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮,说明复配抗氧化剂能有效延缓全价冻干猫粮的氧化速度,进而防止冻干猫粮的脂肪氧化,抑制脂溶性维生素和色素的氧化损失,延长其保质期。
与空白对照例相比,添加了实施例1-3中复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮的酸价、过氧化值、丙二醛、羰基含量含量随时间的上升速度显著低于未添加抗氧化剂的空白对照组的全价冻干猫粮,添加了实施例1-3的天然复配抗氧化剂的猫粮,其存储60天后的理化参数与空白对照例中存储30天左右的猫粮相当,即,本申请的天然复配抗氧化剂显著延缓了全价冻干猫粮的氧化速度,有效地延长了全价冻干猫粮的存储时间。
参照图1-6,对比本申请实施例2和对比例1-3中复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮存储中的氧化相关理化参数可知,添加实施例2中的复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮存储60天与添加对比例1-3中的复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮存储45天后的理化参数相当,即,本发明的复配抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能相当于在现有含迷迭香提取物单一抗氧化剂、或迷迭香提取物与茶多酚/维生素E组合的复配抗氧化剂的基础上提高了30%以上,说明了本申请的复配抗氧化剂中的迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、维生素E具有良好的协同增效的作用,申请人分析迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、维生素E在用于全价冻干猫粮的抗氧化机理可能是:迷迭香提取物,其有效成分鼠尾草酸在发挥抗氧化过程中会转变为醌类物质,其酚羟基上的氢更倾向于与油脂氧化过程中产生的烷基自由基相结合。茶多酚,其有效成分表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)在发挥抗氧化作用时分解为黄酮和酚酸类物质,之后倾向于与烷过氧自由基结合。维生素E能与烷氧自由基或烷过氧自由基反应,向它们提供H。这三种主抗氧化剂作用于冻干宠物食品中脂质氧化过程的不同位点,使脂质氧化的自由基链式反应中断,从而实现抗氧化效果。
对比本申请实施例2和对比例4、5中复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮存储中的氧化相关理化参数可知,添加实施例2中的复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮存储60天与添加对比例4、5中的复配抗氧化剂的全价冻干猫粮存储30/45天后的理化参数相当,由此可知,本发明的复配抗氧化剂中的增效剂抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯通过降低食品体系中的氧化量,使酚型抗氧化剂再生,故其对迷迭香提取物、维生素E清除脂质自由基均具有协同增效的作用;D-异抗坏血酸钠具有较强的还原能力,能还原氢过氧化物和铁离子,对茶多酚清除·OH和还原氢过氧化物具有协同增效的作用。说明抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、D-异抗坏血酸钠能进一步增强主抗氧化剂的抗氧化性能,延缓全价冻干猫粮的氧化速度,防止其发生氧化酸败。
本发明的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,还可以在主抗氧化剂中添加甘草抗氧化物、竹叶抗氧化物、葡萄籽提取物中的一种或多种天然抗氧化剂,具体实施方式如实施例4-6所示。
实施例4-6
实施例4-6中冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的各原料组分配比如表4所示。
表4实施例4~6冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的各原料组分配比
分别将实施例4-6中的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂添加至空白对比例的全价冻干猫粮中,然后,将添加不同抗氧化剂的冻干猫粮样品用铝箔袋包装,密封,在温度45℃、湿度70%条件下的恒温恒湿箱中进行加速破坏试验,并分别测定不同存储时间段后的冻干猫粮中酸价、过氧化值、丙二醛,维生素A含量,蛋白质羰基和总巯基含量的变化,检测结果如表4所示。
本发明的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,用于不同宠物冻干粮中,可以适当调节各组分的配比,如,其原料配比还可以设计为:冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:主抗氧化剂40份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物28份、茶多酚5份和维生素E 7份;增效剂31份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯6份、D-异抗坏血酸钠20份和柠檬酸4份;稳定剂海藻酸钠21份,载体二氧化硅8份;以上技术特征的改变,本领域的技术人员通过文字描述可以理解并实施,故不再另作实施例说明。
Claims (9)
1.冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,其特征在于,包括:
主抗氧化剂20-60份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物、茶多酚和维生素E;
增效剂20-60份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、D-异抗坏血酸钠和柠檬酸;
稳定剂5-25份,载体1-10份。
2.如权利要求1所述冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,其特征在于,所述迷迭香提取物的主要成分为鼠尾草酸,所述维生素E是指从天然植物中提取、浓缩获得的混合生育酚。
3.如权利要求1或2所述冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,其特征在于,主抗氧化剂还包括甘草抗氧化物、竹叶抗氧化物、葡萄籽提取物中的一种或多种天然抗氧化剂。
4.如权利要求1或2所述冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,其特征在于,所述稳定剂为海藻酸钠、卡拉胶、黄原胶中的一种组成。
5.如权利要求1或2所述冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,其特征在于,所述载体为二氧化硅、啤酒酵母粉、蒙脱石粉、麦饭石粉中的任一一种。
6.如权利要求1所述冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,其特征在于,所述冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂,包括:
主抗氧化剂30-40份,所述主抗氧化剂包括迷迭香提取物18-28份、茶多酚4-6份和维生素E 5-8份;
增效剂37-46份,所述增效剂包括抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯9-12份、D-异抗坏血酸钠23-28份和柠檬酸5-7份;
稳定剂海藻酸钠15-22份,载体二氧化硅4-8份。
7.如权利要求1-6任一项所述冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)往槽式单桨混合机中投入配方比例的二氧化硅,开启混合机搅拌,然后,缓慢均匀地倒入液体状的维生素E,加完后继续搅拌8-10分钟,接着,按配方比例投入抗坏血酸棕榈酸酯、D-异抗坏血酸钠和柠檬酸,再搅拌均匀即可放料;
(2)把搅拌出的物料过摇摆式颗粒机,得到半成品;
(3)依次将海藻酸钠、迷迭香提取物、茶多酚、半成品投入双轴桨叶混合机中混合2-3分钟即可出料,得到复配抗氧化剂。
8.一种冻干宠物食品,其特征在于,包括如权利要求1-6任一项所述的冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂。
9.如权利要求8所述的冻干宠物食品,其特征在于,所述冻干宠物食品为全价冻干猫粮或狗粮。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210857868.8A CN115381000B (zh) | 2022-07-20 | 2022-07-20 | 冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂及其组成的冻干宠物食品 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210857868.8A CN115381000B (zh) | 2022-07-20 | 2022-07-20 | 冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂及其组成的冻干宠物食品 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN115381000A true CN115381000A (zh) | 2022-11-25 |
CN115381000B CN115381000B (zh) | 2024-03-08 |
Family
ID=84117185
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN202210857868.8A Active CN115381000B (zh) | 2022-07-20 | 2022-07-20 | 冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂及其组成的冻干宠物食品 |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
CN (1) | CN115381000B (zh) |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106173195A (zh) * | 2015-05-05 | 2016-12-07 | 上海邦成生物工程有限公司 | 一种动物饲料用生物性抗氧化剂的制备方法 |
CN106675780A (zh) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-17 | 天津融信蓝海生物科技有限公司 | 一种复配抗氧化剂及含有该复配抗氧化剂的油脂 |
CN109321361A (zh) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-02-12 | 天津南侨食品有限公司 | 一种含水型烘焙油脂的抗氧化剂组合物及其应用 |
CN110037168A (zh) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-23 | 天津朗诺宠物食品有限公司 | 一种冻干宠物食品及其制备工艺 |
CN113826905A (zh) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-12-24 | 大连医诺生物股份有限公司 | 一种抗光敏的维生素k2微囊制剂及其制备方法 |
CN114631610A (zh) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-06-17 | 海南舒普生物科技有限公司 | 一种油水分散型复配抗氧化剂的制备方法 |
-
2022
- 2022-07-20 CN CN202210857868.8A patent/CN115381000B/zh active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN106173195A (zh) * | 2015-05-05 | 2016-12-07 | 上海邦成生物工程有限公司 | 一种动物饲料用生物性抗氧化剂的制备方法 |
CN106675780A (zh) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-17 | 天津融信蓝海生物科技有限公司 | 一种复配抗氧化剂及含有该复配抗氧化剂的油脂 |
CN109321361A (zh) * | 2018-12-05 | 2019-02-12 | 天津南侨食品有限公司 | 一种含水型烘焙油脂的抗氧化剂组合物及其应用 |
CN110037168A (zh) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-07-23 | 天津朗诺宠物食品有限公司 | 一种冻干宠物食品及其制备工艺 |
CN113826905A (zh) * | 2021-08-04 | 2021-12-24 | 大连医诺生物股份有限公司 | 一种抗光敏的维生素k2微囊制剂及其制备方法 |
CN114631610A (zh) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-06-17 | 海南舒普生物科技有限公司 | 一种油水分散型复配抗氧化剂的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN115381000B (zh) | 2024-03-08 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
Wu et al. | Lipid oxidation and antioxidant delivery systems in muscle food | |
Mitsumoto et al. | Vitamins E and C improve pigment and lipid stability in ground beef | |
Banerjee et al. | Antioxidant effects of broccoli powder extract in goat meat nuggets | |
Ognik et al. | The potential of using plant antioxidants to stimulate antioxidant mechanisms in poultry | |
Morrissey et al. | Vitamin E and meat quality | |
Gobert et al. | Plant extracts combined with vitamin E in PUFA-rich diets of cull cows protect processed beef against lipid oxidation | |
Mitsumoto et al. | Addition of tea catechins and vitamin C on sensory evaluation, colour and lipid stability during chilled storage in cooked or raw beef and chicken patties | |
Banerjee et al. | Natural antioxidants: Applications in foods of animal origin | |
CN102783696B (zh) | 安全高效的复配食品抗氧化剂 | |
Higgins et al. | Effect of dietary α-tocopheryl acetate supplementation on α-tocopherol distribution in raw turkey muscles and its effect on the storage stability of cooked turkey meat | |
CN103518975B (zh) | 一种动物饲料用复合抗氧化剂及制备方法 | |
Montgomery et al. | Tasco-Forage: IV. Influence of a seaweed extract applied to tall fescue pastures on sensory characteristics, shelf-life, and vitamin E status in feedlot-finished steers | |
AU724734B2 (en) | Use of dihydroxyquinoline compounds to extend the shelf life of products of mammals and fish | |
Moawad et al. | Effect of nitrite level and tea catechins on residual nitrite and quality indices of raw-cured sausages | |
AU753246B2 (en) | Treatment of animals with dihydroxyquinoline compounds | |
CN106173194A (zh) | 一种动物饲料用生物性抗氧化剂 | |
Chen et al. | Color stability and antioxidant capacity of yak meat as affected by feeding with pasture or grain | |
CN101703158A (zh) | 一种含有番茄红素的畜禽肉质改良剂及其制备和应用 | |
AU2005313734A1 (en) | Natural antioxidative additive for feed and products used for humans | |
JP6434111B2 (ja) | 養殖魚用飼料及び養殖魚の飼育方法 | |
CN115381000B (zh) | 冻干宠物食品用天然复配抗氧化剂及其组成的冻干宠物食品 | |
Mukhopadhyay | Antioxidants-natural and Synthetic | |
Bayana et al. | Effects of lingonberry extract on the antioxidant capacity of meat paste | |
JP6267438B2 (ja) | 養殖魚用飼料及び養殖魚の飼育方法 | |
CN106173195A (zh) | 一种动物饲料用生物性抗氧化剂的制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |