CN115380997A - Method for ensiling mixture of forage rape and alfalfa - Google Patents
Method for ensiling mixture of forage rape and alfalfa Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for ensiling mixed feed rape and alfalfa, which comprises the following steps: selecting test materials, air drying and airing, crushing raw materials, storing by classification, ensiling additives, bagging and fermenting; the invention aims at improving the silage method of the forage rape, aims to improve the silage effect of the forage rape, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of crops, provide a theoretical basis for continuously supplying crop resources such as alfalfa and the like, and open a wider path for locally producing high-quality silage.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of forage silage, in particular to a method for silage of rape and alfalfa mixed for feeding.
Background
The forage rape is a novel high protein feed raw material at present, the method for further processing and modulating the forage rape comprises straw ensiling, micro-ensiling, ammoniation, briquetting and the like, the ensiling technology is widely applied in the field of feeds in recent years, but researches show that the single ensiling technology cannot achieve ideal effects, so researchers develop mixed ensiling technology and develop a large amount of experimental researches on the technology, the technical effect is superior to that of single ensiling, for the forage rape, the nutrient content after ensiling is superior to that of complete dry forage rape, the nutrient content in fresh rape plants is high, the moisture content is also high, single ensiling is easy to cause ensiling failure, and in recent years, many students perform mixed ensiling technology on the rape: experimental studies on the feed rape and corn straw (7), the feed rape and whole corn (5).
The forage rape is used as an unconventional feed raw material, plays a certain positive role in relieving the current condition of feed resource shortage in China, and has a plurality of unsolved problems, so that the forage rape is not applied in a large scale, the current research reports of the forage rape mainly focus on short-term feeding of herbivorous animals, whether the long-term feeding of the forage rape influences the growth of the animals needs to be further verified, the existing mixed silage technical research mainly focuses on main crops such as the forage rape and corn, and the research on mixing silage with pasture is relatively less, and the research shows that the pH value of the single silage of alfalfa is high, the contents of lactic acid, soluble carbohydrate and crude protein are lower, and the silage quality is low.
Aiming at the problems and the technical defects, in order to optimize the mixing technical effect, the invention mixes the forage rape and the alfalfa according to a specific proportion for ensiling, and the fermentation quality of the mixed ensiling is demonstrated and comprehensively evaluated by measuring the nutrition indexes (dry matter, crude protein, water-soluble carbohydrate, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber) and the fermentation indexes (pH, ammonia nitrogen and organic acid) of ensiling samples.
SUMMARY OF THE PATENT FOR INVENTION
The invention aims to provide a method for mixing and ensiling forage rape and alfalfa, and in order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a method for mixing and ensiling forage rape and alfalfa comprises the following steps:
s1 selection of test materials: selecting feeding rape and alfalfa as mixed silage materials;
s2, air drying: spreading the selected rape for feeding and alfalfa and drying in the sun;
s3, crushing raw materials: respectively putting the qualified forage rape and alfalfa in the sun into a hay cutter to cut and smash;
s4, classified storage: separately storing the crushed rape and the crushed alfalfa at room temperature in a dark place;
s5, mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the crushed rape for feed and the alfalfa according to a proportion;
s6 silage additive: adding a molasses and urea mixed additive based on the fresh weight of the mixed silage raw materials;
s7, bagging and fermenting: and (3) filling the mixed raw materials which are sprayed with the silage additives into silage bags, vacuumizing, sealing and fermenting, and standing in the dark for 50 days.
Preferably, in the selection of the test materials, the rape for feeding is most suitable for the rape for feeding at the early pod bearing stage, and the alfalfa is most suitable for selecting the full bloom stage.
Preferably, the water content of the forage rapes and the alfalfa needs to be kept to be 60-75% when the forage rapes and the alfalfa are aired.
Preferably, when the forage rape and the alfalfa are aired, if the water content is lower than 60%, spraying and adding water for regulation, if the water content is higher than 75%, airing is continued, and the airing mode is natural airing.
Preferably, the crushing length of the rape and the alfalfa for feeding is 1-2cm when the raw materials are crushed.
Preferably, the feed rape and the alfalfa are in the following ratio when the raw materials are mixed: alfalfa (3.
Preferably, in the silage additive step, molasses accounts for 3% of the fresh weight of the silage, the sag is about 87%, and urea accounts for 0.3% of the fresh weight of the silage.
Preferably, the preparation method of the molasses in the step of the ensiling additive is as follows: weighing a certain amount of molasses and distilled water for dilution, and shaking and homogenizing until the syrup water is in a flowing state (no longer sticky).
Preferably, the preparation method of the mixed additive in the step of the silage additive is as follows: and adding 0.3% of urea in parts by mass into the molasses solution, and uniformly mixing.
Preferably, the use mode of the mixed additive in the step of the ensiling additive is as follows: adding the mixed additive into a spray can, and then pressing the spray can to uniformly spray the mixed additive on the mixed material of the forage rape and the alfalfa.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention aims at improving the silage method of the forage rape, aims to improve the silage effect of the forage rape, improve the comprehensive utilization rate of crop resources, provide a theoretical basis for sustainable supply of crop resources such as alfalfa and the like, and open a wider path for locally producing high-quality silage.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments in the present invention patent, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention patent, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art based on the embodiments in the patent of the invention without any inventive work belong to the protection scope of the patent of the invention.
A method for mixing and ensiling forage rape and alfalfa comprises the following steps:
s1 selection of test materials: selecting feed rape and alfalfa as mixed silage materials;
s2, air drying: spreading the selected forage rapes and alfalfa and drying in the sun;
s3, crushing raw materials: respectively putting the forage rape and the alfalfa which are aired to be qualified into a hay cutter to cut and smash;
s4, classified storage: separately storing the crushed rape and the crushed alfalfa at room temperature in a dark place;
s5, mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the crushed feed rape and alfalfa according to a proportion;
s6 silage additive: adding a molasses and urea mixed additive based on the fresh weight of the mixed silage raw materials;
s7, bagging and fermenting: and (3) putting the mixed raw materials which are sprayed with the silage additive into a silage bag, vacuumizing, sealing and fermenting, and standing for 50 days in a dark place.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a method for mixing and ensiling forage rape and alfalfa comprises the following steps:
s1 selection of test materials: selecting feed rape and alfalfa as mixed silage materials;
s2, air drying: spreading the selected rape for feeding and alfalfa and drying in the sun;
s3, crushing raw materials: respectively putting the qualified forage rape and alfalfa in the sun into a hay cutter to cut and smash;
s4, classified storage: separately storing the crushed feed rape and the crushed alfalfa at room temperature in a dark place;
s5, mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the crushed feed rape and alfalfa according to a proportion;
s6 silage additive: adding a molasses and urea mixed additive based on the fresh weight of the mixed silage raw materials;
s7, bagging and fermenting: and (3) putting the mixed raw materials which are sprayed with the silage additive into a silage bag, vacuumizing, sealing and fermenting, and standing for 50 days in a dark place.
In this example: in the selection of test materials, the forage rape is most suitable for selecting the forage rape at the initial pod setting stage, the alfalfa is most suitable for selecting the full bloom stage, the water content of the forage rape and the alfalfa needs to be kept to be 60-75% when the forage rape and the alfalfa are aired, if the water content of the forage rape and the alfalfa is lower than 60%, the forage rape and the alfalfa need to be sprayed and added with water for adjustment when the forage rape and the alfalfa are aired, if the water content of the forage rape and the alfalfa is higher than 75%, the airing mode is natural air drying, the crushing length of the forage rape and the alfalfa is 1-2cm when the raw materials are crushed, and the proportion of the forage rape and the alfalfa is that the forage rape is: alfalfa (3: weighing a certain amount of molasses and distilled water for dilution, shaking and homogenizing until the molasses is in a flowing state (no longer sticky), wherein the preparation method of the mixed additive in the silage additive step is as follows: the preparation method comprises the following steps of putting 0.3% of urea in mass portion into a molasses solution and uniformly mixing, wherein the use mode of the mixed additive in the silage additive step is as follows: adding the mixed additive into a spray can, and then pressing the spray can to uniformly spray the mixed additive on the mixed material of the forage rape and the alfalfa.
The second embodiment:
the influence of different proportions on the fermentation quality and the nutritional value of the forage rape and alfalfa mixed silage is as follows:
the test aims at researching the influence of different proportions on the fermentation quality and the nutritional value of the mixed silage of the forage rape and the alfalfa, harvesting the forage rape at the early pod bearing stage and the alfalfa at the full bloom stage, measuring the water content of the two silage materials, and directly using the two silage materials for bagged mixed silage if the water content is 60-75%; the water content is lower than 60%, and water is added for regulating the water content; the water content is higher than 75%, and the air-drying is carried out naturally, and 5 processing groups are arranged: and 2 controls (feeding rapes and alfalfa are separately ensiled), 30% of feeding rapes + 70% of alfalfa, 50% of feeding rapes + 50% of alfalfa, 70% of feeding rapes + 30% of alfalfa, and three controls are arranged in each group, the three controls are repeated, after the rape is bagged and ensiled for 50 days at normal temperature, the bag is opened for sampling, and sensory quality, fermentation parameters and nutritional value evaluation are carried out, and the evaluation results are shown in tables 1, 2 and 3.
TABLE 1 sensory evaluation of the silage of rape and alfalfa mixed at different proportions
Remarking: the same row of data is annotated with different lower case letters to indicate significant difference between different silage groups (p < 0.05), the same or no lower case letters to indicate insignificant difference (p > 0.05), and the following table is the same.
The color and luster score that adds 3 proportions of alfalfa is showing to be higher than feeding rape, the independent silage group of alfalfa, the color and luster of saying that the addition of alfalfa can protect feeding rape silage in-process, the smell score that adds 70% and 50% alfalfa group is obviously higher than feeding rape and the independent silage group of alfalfa, the texture score that adds 70% alfalfa group is superior to adding 50% and 30% alfalfa group, it shows to add excessive alfalfa and has better score to the texture and embody, the overall performance is: the overall sensory evaluation of the alfalfa added with 3 proportions reaches the second-level good level, but the overall evaluation of the combination of 30% of forage rape and 70% of alfalfa mixed silage is superior to that of other treatment groups.
TABLE 2 quality of silage and alfalfa mixed silage fermentation for feeding at different proportions
As can be seen from table 2, in the silage of the forage rape and alfalfa mixed, the pH value of the group with 70% added alfalfa was significantly lower than that of the other treatment group (4.54) (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the pH values of the group with 50% and 30% added alfalfa (p > 0.05), where the pH values: feeding rape: alfalfa (3) < alfalfa < forage rape: alfalfa (5) < oilseed rape for feed: alfalfa (7; the lactic acid content of the 70% alfalfa group was significantly highest (52.73 g/kg DM) (p < 0.05), and the propionic acid, butyric acid and ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen content (4.93, 1.19g/kg DM and 4.32g/kg TN, respectively) were significantly lower than that of the canola and alfalfa groups but the propionic acid content of the three proportions of the silage group (p < 0.05) alfalfa added groups was not significantly different (p > 0.05), the butyric acid content of the 30% alfalfa group was significantly higher (10.00 g/kg DM) than that of the other treatment groups (p < 0.05), and the ammoniacal nitrogen/total nitrogen content of the 70% and 50% alfalfa groups were not significantly different (4.32 and 4.29g/kg TN, respectively), but were significantly lower than that of the other treatment groups (p < 0.05), indicating that a suitable alfalfa addition could improve the fermentation quality of the feed and canola mixed silage.
TABLE 3 nutritional value of mixed silage of oilseed rape and alfalfa at different ratios
As can be seen from Table 3, in the forage rape and alfalfa mixed silage, the dry matter and crude protein of the alfalfa single silage group are remarkably the highest (p is less than 0.05), the dry matter and crude protein content of the 70% alfalfa addition post-treatment group are improved (570.90 g/kg), and the dry matter and crude protein content are remarkably higher than those of the 50% and 30% alfalfa addition group and the forage rape single treatment group (p is less than 0.05); the soluble carbohydrate content (4.88, 3.42 and 3.52g/kg DM respectively) of the treatment groups added with 3 medicago sativa is obviously higher than that of the single treatment groups of the feed rape and the medicago sativa (p is less than 0.05); the content of neutral detergent fiber of 3 mixed silage feeds added with alfalfa is obviously lower than that of a single treatment group of rape for feeding (p < 0.05), and the content is as follows: feeding rape: alfalfa (5) < oilseed rape for feed: alfalfa (7) < alfalfa < oilseed rape: the contents of acid washing fibers of the alfalfa (3).
The results obtained by combining tables 1 to 3 were: the feed canola and alfalfa blend ratio was better at 3, as demonstrated by a higher sensory evaluation score, lactic acid content, dry matter content, crude protein content, neutral and acidic wash fibers, lower pH, butyric acid and ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen content, the ammonia nitrogen content after fermentation at the blend ratio was reduced by about 50% compared to the results of the human studies by yinja et al (feed canola and corn stover blend silage), and the dry matter and crude protein content were also much higher than the feed canola and corn stover blend silage (22.36 dm and 8.54 dm, respectively), while the technique also resulted in better studies by senecio et al on feed canola and corn stover blend silage (crude protein: 14.50 dm, acidic wash fiber 29.51%, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen =7.46%, lactic acid: 4.89%, acetic acid: 0.34%), better plants by senecio et al also performed the feed canola and rice blend silage with rice stover silage (crude protein: 13.36.36 dm, acidic wash fiber/total nitrogen =7.12%, acetic acid: 7.45%, total nitrogen/total nitrogen wash with acetic acid/total nitrogen of feed canola protein was lower than the results of the feed canola and the total nitrogen of the feed canola (3.45%, the total nitrogen of the feed canola and the amino acid protein was better than the results of the feed canola.
Example three:
the influence of the additive on the fermentation quality and the nutritional value of the forage rape and alfalfa mixed silage is as follows:
the experiment aims at researching the influence of the additive on the fermentation quality and the nutritive value of the silage of the mixed forage rape and alfalfa, and under the optimal mixing proportion (forage rape: alfalfa =3: 7) obtained in the first experiment, the silage additive is added to improve the fermentation quality, and 4 treatment groups are set: the evaluation results are shown in tables 4, 5 and 6, wherein the evaluation results are repeated in three groups for a control group (without additive), a urea group (U: 0.3% urea is independently added), a molasses group (M: 3% molasses is independently added with additive), and molasses + urea (MU: 3% molasses is mixed with 0.3% urea), and after the normal-temperature bagged silage is carried out for 50 days, the bagged silage is opened and sampled to evaluate the sensory quality, the fermentation parameters and the nutritional value.
TABLE 4 Effect of additives on the sensory quality of forage rape and alfalfa blend silage
From the sensory evaluation of table 4, it can be seen that: in the additive treatment of the mixed silage of the forage rape and the alfalfa (3).
TABLE 5 Effect of additives on fermentation parameters of forage rape and alfalfa mixed silage
As can be seen from Table 5: in the mixed silage of the forage rape and the alfalfa (3: MU (4.14) < M (4.41) < U (4.80) < control group (4.54); the lactic acid content of the additive-treated group was significantly higher than that of the control group (52.73 g/kg DM) (p < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in lactic acid content (p > 0.05); the addition of molasses alone treatment group (M) significantly reduced the content of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid (24.00, 2.47 and 0.58g/kg DM, respectively) (p < 0.05); the butyric acid content of the urea group (U) added alone is not significantly different from that of the control group (p > 0.05), but the acetic acid content and the propionic acid content are significantly reduced (respectively, the acetic acid content and the propionic acid content are reduced by 15.01 and 2.04g/kg DM) (p > 0.05), and the butyric acid content of the urea group is not significantly different from that of the control group (p > 0.05); the treatment group with the addition of 3% molasses +0.3% urea (MU) significantly reduced the content of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid (p < 0.05); the additive treated group had significantly higher ammoniacal/total nitrogen than the control group (p < 0.05), which had an ammoniacal/total nitrogen: control group (4.32%) < M (5.45%) < MU (8.73) < U (10.08).
TABLE 6 Effect of additives on the Mixed silage Nutrition ingredients of forage rape and alfalfa
From table 6, it can be seen that: additive-treated canola and alfalfa (3) mixed silage, the dry matter and crude protein content of the control group was significantly higher than the additive group (570.90 g/kg and 151.32g/kg DM, respectively) (p < 0.05), with the dry matter and crude protein content of the mixed additive-treated group (MU) (495.25 g/kg and 137.03g/kg DM, respectively) significantly higher than the urea (U) and molasses treated group (M) alone (p < 0.05); the group with molasses (M) and urea (U) added alone significantly reduced the soluble carbohydrate content (p < 0.05), the mixed additive treatment group (MU) had a soluble carbohydrate content (5.13 g/kg DM) significantly higher than the other treatment groups (p < 0.05); the acidic detergent fiber content of the urea-added group (U) alone is not significantly different from that of the control group (p > 0.05), but the neutral detergent fiber content is significantly increased (66.98%) (p < 0.05); the addition of molasses group (M) alone significantly increased the acid and neutral detergent fibre contents (35.78% and 64.58%, respectively) (p < 0.05); the neutral detergent fiber content of the combined additive treatment group (MU) was not significantly different from the control group (p > 0.05), but significantly reduced the acidic detergent fiber content (62.58%) (p < 0.05).
The results obtained in tables 4 to 6 were combined: the addition of molasses and urea alone in the forage rape and alfalfa (3) did not effectively increase the dry matter and crude protein content while the addition of 3% molasses in combination with 0.3% urea provided sufficient fermentation substrate to effectively improve the fermentation quality of the mixed silage, the ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen, acid wash fiber, dry matter and crude protein content of the mixed silage under this composite additive (3) was superior to that of Rough et al for the mixed silage (ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen =193.30, acid wash fiber: 30.86%, dry matter: 168.86g/kg, crude protein: 103.60 g/kg), and the addition of 0.6% urea +5% in the case of the aged silage at the sugarcane tail gave good results (crude protein: 11.4%, pH:3.85, lactic acid: 1.62mg/g, ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen =3.4, crude fiber: 26.2), but the technology achieved lower ammonia nitrogen and total protein content for the mixed silage (3.7) than the technology.
It should be noted that: the standard specifies the definition of the mixed silage of the rape for feeding and the alfalfa, the operation flow, the preparation before the silage, the silage preparation, the feeding and the silage quality evaluation, and the standard is suitable for the bagged silage production of the rape for feeding and the alfalfa.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. A method for ensiling forage rape and alfalfa in a mixed mode is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1 selection of test materials: selecting feeding rape and alfalfa as mixed silage materials;
s2, air drying: spreading the selected forage rapes and alfalfa and drying in the sun;
s3, crushing raw materials: respectively putting the qualified forage rape and alfalfa in the sun into a hay cutter to cut and smash;
s4, classified storage: separately storing the crushed rape and the crushed alfalfa at room temperature in a dark place;
s5, mixing raw materials: uniformly mixing the crushed rape for feed and the alfalfa according to a proportion;
s6 silage additive: adding a molasses and urea mixed additive based on the fresh weight of the mixed silage raw materials;
s7, bagging and fermenting: and (3) filling the mixed raw materials which are sprayed with the silage additives into silage bags, vacuumizing, sealing and fermenting, and standing in the dark for 50 days.
2. The method for ensiling the mixture of the forage rape and the alfalfa according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the selection of the test materials, the feeding rape is most suitable for selecting the feeding rape at the initial pod bearing stage, and the alfalfa is most suitable for selecting the full bloom stage.
3. The method for ensiling mixed feed rape and alfalfa according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the forage rape and the alfalfa are aired, the water content needs to be kept to be 60% -75%.
4. The method for ensiling mixed feed rape and alfalfa according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps: when the forage rapes and the alfalfa are aired, if the water content is lower than 60%, spraying and adding water for regulation, if the water content is higher than 75%, continuously airing, wherein the airing mode is natural airing.
5. The method for ensiling mixed feed rape and alfalfa according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the raw materials are crushed, the crushing length of the forage rape and the alfalfa is 1-2cm.
6. The method for ensiling mixed feed rape and alfalfa according to claim 1, characterized in that: when the raw materials are mixed, the feed rape and the alfalfa are in the following proportion: alfalfa (3.
7. The method for ensiling the mixture of the forage rape and the alfalfa according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the silage additive step, molasses accounts for 3% of the mixed silage, the sag is about 87%, and urea accounts for 0.3% of the mixed silage.
8. The method for ensiling mixed feed rape and alfalfa as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the molasses in the step of the silage additive comprises the following steps: weighing a certain amount of molasses and distilled water for dilution, and shaking uniformly until the syrup water is in a flowing state (no longer viscous).
9. The method for ensiling mixed feed rape and alfalfa as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the preparation method of the mixed additive in the step of the silage additive comprises the following steps: and (3) adding 0.3 mass percent of urea into the molasses solution and uniformly mixing.
10. The method for ensiling mixed feed rape and alfalfa as claimed in claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the use mode of the mixed additive in the step of the silage additive is as follows: adding the mixed additive into a spray can, and then pressing the spray can to uniformly spray the mixed additive on the mixed material of the feeding rape and the alfalfa.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105211625A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-06 | 张志莲 | A kind of processing method of ensilage |
| CN108497175A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-07 | 贵州省草地技术试验推广站 | A kind of Silaging method removing fringe maize straw |
| CN108684941A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-23 | 袁英良 | A kind of grazing Brassica napus mixed silage production method |
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2022
- 2022-08-11 CN CN202210959812.3A patent/CN115380997A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105211625A (en) * | 2015-11-16 | 2016-01-06 | 张志莲 | A kind of processing method of ensilage |
| CN108497175A (en) * | 2018-04-17 | 2018-09-07 | 贵州省草地技术试验推广站 | A kind of Silaging method removing fringe maize straw |
| CN108684941A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-23 | 袁英良 | A kind of grazing Brassica napus mixed silage production method |
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