CN115369055B - 一株抗氧化植物乳杆菌及其在低盐发酵香肠中的应用 - Google Patents
一株抗氧化植物乳杆菌及其在低盐发酵香肠中的应用 Download PDFInfo
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- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L13/00—Meat products; Meat meal; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L13/72—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor using additives, e.g. by injection of solutions
- A23L13/74—Tenderised or flavoured meat pieces; Macerating or marinating solutions specially adapted therefor using additives, e.g. by injection of solutions using microorganisms or enzymes
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Abstract
本发明提供了一株具有抗氧化活性的植物乳杆菌,该菌株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)CC‑3,于2021年11月24日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.23963。本发明还提供了该植物乳杆菌在低盐发酵香肠中的应用,本发明植物乳杆菌,具有抗氧化作用,可以作为功能性发酵剂,抑制脂肪和蛋白质的氧化,保证发酵香肠良好的品质,并赋予发酵香肠产品抗氧化功能;本发明植物乳杆菌,应用于低盐发酵香肠中,解决了传统发酵香肠含盐量高的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及微生物技术领域,具体涉及一种具有高抗氧化活性的植物乳杆菌及其对发酵香肠的抗氧化作用以及抗氧化功能发酵香肠。
背景技术
近年来发酵香肠深受消费者的喜爱,脂肪和蛋白质作为发酵香肠中最主要的干物质,很容易发生氧化,过度氧化则会造成营养成分流失,产生酸败气味,影响香肠的颜色、质地、风味,使其等感官特性恶化,影响发酵香肠的质量。为防止发酵香肠的过度氧化,人们在发酵香肠中加入了合成抗氧化剂如丁基化羟基甲苯,丁基羟基茴香醚和特丁基对苯二酚等来延缓油脂和蛋白质氧化。我国食品添加剂国标GB 2760-2014规定可以使用合成抗氧化剂来抑制肉制品的氧化。二丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)和丁基羟基茴香醚(BHA)是常用的合成抗氧化剂,有学者用动物实验研究了研究结果表明BHT、BHA的均有致癌作用。随着人们对健康食品要求的提高,合成抗氧化剂的使用受到了限制。
目前大多数发酵香肠中添加的食盐量为3%~8%。盐浓度对益生菌及腐败菌具有重要的影响,此外食盐摄入量过多会造成心脑血管疾病,特别是加大诱发高血压的风险,低盐食品有益于人体健康。因此,非常有必要探究能否在添加更低浓度食盐的条件下生产出优质且食用安全有保障的发酵香肠。
自由基是引起机体损伤的化学物质,大量的自由基会使细胞膜受到损害,使蛋白质变性,使酶失去活性,造成脂质过氧化,对人体组织细胞具有极强的杀伤力,会加速机体衰老,成为多种疾病、亚健康状态和老化的原因。人体通过膳食摄入抗氧化食品,可以提高机体抗氧化能力。具有抗氧化活性的食品可以增强人体抗氧化防御系统的功能,是一种极具开发潜力的食品。
现有技术中,专利申请号201710498700.1的中国专利《一种植物乳杆菌及其在中式猪肉发酵香肠制备中的应用》将植物乳杆菌NJAU-01应用到了发酵香肠中,其发酵香肠的制作时间较长,盐含量较高,仅检测到了菌株对发酵香肠抑制氧化的作用。专利申请号CN202110743486.8的中国专利《一种植物乳杆菌DC2及其发酵酸猪肉的应用》将植物乳杆菌DC2用于发酵酸猪肉,发酵时间较长且盐含量高。随着人们健康意识的增强,以上述专利为代表的现有技术中,发酵香肠的发酵过程中存在含盐量高问题以及香肠氧化对其品质影响的问题以及产品的抗氧化活性问题有待进一步提高。需要研发一种具有抗氧化活性并且能够用于低盐发酵香肠中的发酵菌株以及开发一种具有抗氧化活性发酵香肠产品。
发明内容:
为了克服上述现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一株植物乳杆菌,具有抗氧化作用,可以抑制脂肪和蛋白质的氧化,可用于制备低盐发酵香肠,可用于制备具有抗氧化活性的发酵香肠。
本发明采用的技术方案是:
本发明提供了一株植物乳杆菌,该菌株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillusplantarum)CC-3,于2021年11月24日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.23963。
本发明的植物乳杆菌可在低盐发酵香肠中应用。
本发明还提供了使用上述植物乳杆菌发酵且具有抗氧化功能的发酵香肠。
本发明的植物乳杆菌可以缩短香肠的发酵时间,降低发酵香肠盐量,具有抗氧化作用,可以抑制脂肪和蛋白质的氧化,延长发酵香肠的保质期。
此外,体外实验表明,该发酵香肠具有抗氧化清除自由基能力,是一种极具开发潜力的抗氧化功能性发酵食品。
本发明的有益效果是:
1、本发明提供的植物乳杆菌CC-3菌株,已于2021年11月24日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心(简称CGMCC No.23963;地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号,中国科学院微生物研究所;邮编:100101),保藏编号为CGMCC NO.Lactobacillusplantarum CC-3即植物乳杆菌CC-3。植物乳杆菌CC-3(CGMCC No.23963)是一株分离自广式腊肠的乳酸菌菌株,该菌株具有高抗氧化活性,是一株极具开发潜力的可用于肉制品发酵的高抗氧化活性菌株。
2、本发明提供的抗氧化乳酸菌菌株,可以缩短香肠的发酵时间,降低发酵香肠食盐用量,具有抗氧化作用,可以抑制脂肪和蛋白质的氧化,改善产品品质。
3、发酵香肠中脂肪和蛋白质的氧化会对香肠的品质造成负面影响,化学合成抗氧化剂的使用虽然可以在发酵香肠中起到抑制氧化的作用,但是它的添加会危害人体健康。本发明将抗氧化活性高的乳酸菌作为发酵香肠的发酵剂,同时还起到抗氧化的作用,抑制发酵香肠的脂肪和蛋白质的氧化,保障发酵香肠产品的品质。此外,本发明菌株应用于发酵香肠后还解决了传统发酵香肠含盐量高的问题。
4、本发明提供的抗氧化植物乳杆菌CC-3,该菌株可以用于低盐发酵香肠。其在发酵香肠中既是发酵剂也是抗氧化剂,可以抑制蛋白质、脂肪氧化,保障发酵香肠产品的色泽、味道等感官品质,同时赋予发酵香肠抗氧化活性,有利人体健康,具有广阔前景。
附图说明
图1为菌株CC-3在显微镜下的个体形态;
图2为菌株CC-3基于16S rDNA系统发育树;
图3为发酵香肠的制备过程中,三个实验组发酵香肠发酵过程中的pH值;
图4为三个实验组中,不同发酵香肠的TBARS值;
图5为三个实验组中,不同发酵香肠的巯基含量;
图6为三个实验组中,不同发酵香肠的挥发性盐基氮含量;
图7为三个实验组中,不同发酵香肠DPPH自由基清除率;
图8为三个实验组中,不同发酵香肠的羟自由基清除率;
图9为三个实验组中,不同发酵香肠的超氧阴离子自由基清除能力;
具体实施方式
以下是结合附图详细阐述本发明的方案。
1.菌株筛选
本发明植物乳杆菌CC-3(Lactobacillus plantarum)是从广式腊肠中分离获得的。
本发明的筛选过程为:
(1)称取传统发酵肉制品(风干广味肠、广味腊肠、四川腊肉、江苏华洋腊肉、自制腊肠、皇上皇、秋之风、金华、金煌腊肠)10g,加入到90mL的无菌生理盐水中,用无菌生理盐水10倍梯度稀释后分别取200μL稀释液涂布于MRS培养基平板上,37℃静置培养24h。
(2)完成步骤(1)后,从MRS培养基平板上挑取单菌落,反复多次划线纯化。
(3)对步骤(2)纯化的菌株进行筛选,通过耐亚硝酸实验、硝酸盐还原能力检测、产粘液实验,血浆凝固酶实验、溶血实验、脱羧实验以及脱氧核糖核酸酶的检测以及抑菌实验,进一步筛选得到一株有良好的亚硝酸盐耐受性、硝酸盐还原实验阳性、不产粘液,硝酸盐还原酶活力强、血浆凝固酶实验阴性、溶血实验阴性、脱羧实验阴性、脱氧核糖核酸酶阴性的菌株,通过DPPH自由基清除能力测定、羟自由基清除能力测定、超氧阴离子自由基清除能力测定、Fe2+螯合能力测定及过氧化氢耐受实验进行复筛,得到一株抗氧化活性高的菌株,保存并命名为CC-3,该菌株分离自广式腊肠。该菌株于2021年11月24日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.23963。
本发明前述使用的培养基的配方如下:
MRS培养基:蛋白胨10.0g/L,牛肉粉8.0g/L,酵母粉4.0g/L,葡萄糖20.0g/L,吐温80 1.0g/L,醋酸钠5.0g/L,磷酸氢二钾2.0g/L,柠檬酸三铵2.0g/L,硫酸镁0.2g/L以及硫酸锰0.05g/L,余量为蒸馏水,pH 6.2±0.1,121℃灭菌20min。
2.菌株CC-3的形态鉴定及分子鉴定
2.1菌种的形态观察
对菌株CC-3进行菌落形态观察,对菌株进行革兰氏染色,其光学显微镜观察菌体形态参见图1。
个体形态:革兰氏染色阳性,杆状。
菌落形态:圆形、白色菌落,表面光滑,菌落直径约1.5mm。
综合以上鉴定,根据《常用细菌系统鉴定手册》及《伯杰细菌鉴定手册》可知,初步将CC-3鉴定为乳杆菌属细菌。
2.2分子生物学鉴定:
将菌株CC-3的16S rDNA序列进行扩增并测序,16S rDNA鉴定结果显示菌株CC-3与NCBI数据库中的多株植物乳杆菌的相似性为99%,并利用MEGA 6.06构建系统发育树,结果见图2。经过以上鉴定,可以确定菌株CC-3属于植物乳杆菌,因此重新将其命名为植物乳杆菌CC-3。
3.菌株CC-3的生理生化特征的鉴定
3.1 DPPH自由基清除率:
参照Tang的方法并稍作修改。所述Tang的方法为参照文献方法:Tang W,Xing Z,Li C,et al.Molecular mechanisms and in vitro antioxidant effects ofLactobacillus plantarum MA2[J].Food Chemistry,2017,221:1642-1649。
取1mL样品,加入浓度为0.2mmol/L的DPPH无水乙醇溶液2mL,混匀后在室温下避光反应30min,并在10 000r/min离心1min,取上清液在517nm波长处测定吸光度。空白组以等体积无水乙醇代替DPPH溶液,对照组以等体积蒸馏水代替样品溶液。DPPH自由基清除率计算见式:DPPH自由基清除率/%=(1-(Ai-Aj)/Ao)*100;
式中:A0为对照组吸光度;Ai为样品组吸光度;Aj为空白组吸光度。
表1为不同菌株及其上清液DPPH自由基清除率,不同菌株的清除能力存在显著差异,其中菌株CC-3的上清液和菌体DPPH自由基清除能力最高,其发酵上清液和菌体细胞DPPH自由基清除率分别为98.43%、53.11%,本发明的植物乳杆菌CC-3有较高的DPPH自由基清除能力。
表1菌株DPPH自由基的清除率
3.2羟自由基(·OH)清除率方法:
参照Shi的方法并稍作修改,所述Shi的方法为参照文献方法:Shi Y,Cui X,Gu S,et al.Antioxidative and probiotic activities of lactic acid bacteria isolatedfrom traditional artisanal milk cheese from Northeast China[J].Probiotics andantimicrobial proteins,2019,11(4):1086-1099。
取邻菲啰啉(0.75mmol/L)1mL于试管中,依次加入PBS(pH 7.4)2mL,蒸馏水1mL,充分混匀后,加入FeSO4溶液(2.5mmol/L)1mL,混匀加H2O2(质量分数为0.12%)lmL,在37℃水浴1.5h后在536nm波长处测定其吸光度Ap;用1mL蒸馏水代替1mL H2O2测定其吸光度Ab;用1mL样品代替1mL的蒸馏水测定其吸光度As。
·OH清除率计算见式:·OH清除率/%=(As-Ap)/(Ab-Ap)*100。
表2为不同菌株及其上清液羟自由基的清除率,与发酵上清液相比,菌体细胞表现出较低的清除能力,发酵上清液清除羟自由基能力高的菌株依次为B-4、CC-3,菌体细胞清除羟自由基能力高的菌株依次为CC-3、CC-10。总体来看,本发明的菌株CC-3羟自由基清除能力最高,其发酵上清液和菌体细胞羟自由基清除率分别为42.75%、19.86%。
表2菌株对羟自由基的清除率
3.3超氧阴离子自由基清除率:
参照Zhang的方法,并稍加改进,所述Zhang的方法为参照文献方法:Zhang S,LiuL,Su Y,et al.Antioxidative activity of lactic acid bacteria in yogurt[J].African Journal of Microbiology Research,2011,5(29):5194-5201。
进取3mL 50mmol/L Tris-HCI(pH 8.2)于试管中,依次加入1mL 3mmol/L二乙三胺五乙酸DTPA、lmL 1.2mmol/L邻苯三酚,充分混匀,加入0.5mL所测样品,混匀。于25℃反应10min后,在325nm波长处测吸光度。
超氧阴离子清除率计算见:
超氧阴离子自由基清除率/%=(1-(A11-A10)/(A01-A00))*100。
式中:A00为不含样品和邻苯三酚吸光度;A01为不含样品、含邻苯三酚吸光度;A10为含样品、不含邻苯三酚吸光度:A11为含样品和邻苯三酚吸光度。
表3为不同菌株及其上清液超氧阴离子自由基的清除率,由表3可知8株菌株发酵上清液和菌体细胞对超氧阴离子自由基都有一定的清除能力,其中发酵上清液清除超氧阴离子自由基能力最高的菌株是DD-6,为86.34%;其次是CC-3菌株,为83.68%。菌体细胞清除超氧阴离子自由基能力最高的菌株是B-5,为82.83%;其次是CC-3菌株,为75.56%。总体来看,本发明的菌株CC-3清除超氧阴离子自由基的能力最强。
表3菌株对超氧阴离子自由基的清除率
4.菌株植物乳杆菌CC-3的应用研究
发酵香肠的制备
发酵菌株预处理:将上述分离筛选的植物乳杆菌CC-3活化,以1%的接种量分别接种到MRS培养基和LB培养基中37℃培养14h。
所述MRS培养基的组成为:蛋白胨10.0g/L,牛肉粉8.0g/L,酵母粉4.0g/L,葡萄糖20.0g/L,吐温80 1.0g/L,醋酸钠5.0g/L,磷酸氢二钾2.0g/L,柠檬酸三铵2.0g/L,硫酸镁0.2g/L以及硫酸锰0.05g/L,余量为蒸馏水,pH6.2±0.1,121℃灭菌20min。
所述LB培养基的组成为:酵母粉5g/L,胰蛋白胨10g/L,氯化钠10g/L,余量为蒸馏水,pH7.4±0.2,121℃灭菌20min。
发酵香肠的制作:肥瘦比为3:7的新鲜猪肉馅(购买自北国超市),按肉馅质量添加1.5%的食盐、1.5%棉白糖、0.3%的味精、0.25%的肉制品护色剂、0.25%的十三香、0.15%的姜粉和0.4%的淀粉搅均匀,随后以107cfu/g的接种量接种发酵菌株,混匀,灌入天然肠衣(购买自河北河清肠衣有限公司),37℃发酵3天。
实验分为三组,CK1组为自然发酵,未接种菌株;CK2组接种商业发酵剂(购买自上海吴岳食品科技有限公司);A组接种植物乳杆菌CC-3。
4.1 pH值
用校准后的pH计,直接插入香肠中平行测定三次。图3为发酵结束后各组的pH值。发酵1天时,接种发酵剂的组pH值均在5.3以下,达到安全限值,其中A组在发酵结束时pH值最低。由此可见,乳酸菌作为发酵剂可以使发酵香肠pH降低,其原因可能是乳酸菌分解碳水化合物产生乳酸及其它有机酸,较低的pH值可以抑制病原菌及腐败菌的生长繁殖,保障了发酵香肠的安全性和品质。
4.2色泽的测定
取不同组的发酵香肠,切成约1cm的厚度,立即用色差仪进行测定分析,重复测定三次,记录样品的明度值(L)、红度值(a)和黄度值(b),并引入e值(e=a/L+a/b)来评价发酵香肠的色泽。表4为发酵结束后各组的色泽分析。添加发酵剂的试验组e值大于自然发酵组,各试验组的e值大小为:A>CK2>CK1,其中A组红度显著高于CK1组和CK2组,说明添加A组发酵剂优于其它两组,并能够改善发酵香肠的色泽。
表4为发酵结束后各组的色泽
4.3质构的测定
取不同组的发酵香肠,切成约2cm的厚度,立即用质构仪进行测定分析,重复测定三次,记录样品的硬度、弹性、胶着性、咀嚼性。表5为发酵结束后各组的质构分析。由表5可看出,A组的弹性显著高于其他组,这可能是由于发酵剂可以在一定程度上抑制脂肪和蛋白质的氧化,从而使香肠的结构越来越致密,提高了发酵香肠的品质。通过各组各项指标的比较,A组的品质更佳。
表5为发酵结束后各组的质构
4.4植物乳杆菌CC-3对发酵香肠的抗氧化作用
4.4.1发酵香肠中硫代巴比妥酸含量的测定
参照GB5009.181-2016中分光光度法测定。图4为发酵结束后各组的硫代巴比妥酸含量。从图4中可以看出,A组显著低于其余两组,香肠发酵时的温度促进脂肪酸的形成,盐浓度随着香肠中水分含量减少而升高,脂肪氧化酶能力增加,TBARS值升高,说明A组发酵剂可以抑制脂肪酶活力,减缓脂肪氧化程度。通过各组比较,A组TBARS值最低(0.224mg/kg),即A组发酵剂抑制脂肪氧化的能力最强。
4.4.2发酵香肠中巯基含量的测定
巯基在活性氧存在情况下会被氧化,巯基含量下降的越多,说明发酵香肠蛋白变性的越严重。如图5所示,在发酵结束时A组巯基含量最高,为0.054nmol/g,这说明在A组发酵剂有助于抑制蛋白质的氧化。
4.4.3发酵香肠中挥发性盐基氮的测定
参照GB5009.228—2016中半微量定氮法测定。图6为发酵结束后各组的挥发性盐基氮含量。挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)是肉制品中酶和细菌分解蛋白质产生氨及胺类碱性含氮物质。TVB-N值越大,说明肉制品腐败程度越严重。由图中可以看出A组TVB-N值最低,其腐败程度最低,可能是因为A组发酵剂的添加可以抑制发酵香肠中腐败菌的生长繁殖,降低了蛋白质的分解速率,对发酵香肠腐败起到了抑制作用。通过各组指标的比较,A组对发酵香肠腐败和蛋白分解的抑制作用最高。
4.5植物乳杆菌CC-3发酵香肠的抗氧化活性
取发酵香肠10g,加入90ml蒸馏水,振荡半小时,过滤,取滤液备用。
4.5.1 DPPH自由基清除率:
该方法与本发明上述3.1DPPH自由基清除率方法相同。
经过测试,由图7可知,本实验三组发酵香肠均具有不同程度的DPPH自由基清除能力。A组DPPH自由基清除能力明显高于CK1组和CK2组,其中A组的DPPH自由基清除能力最高,可达90.735%,说明A组中发酵剂的添加可以提高发酵香肠的DPPH自由基清除能力,使发酵香肠的抗氧化活性显著提高。
4.5.2羟自由基(·OH)清除率方法该方法与本发明上述3.2羟自由基(·OH)清除率方法相同。
经过测试,由图8可知,A组对羟自由基的清除能力最强。A组羟自由基清除能力显著高于CK1组和CK2组,说明A组发酵剂的添加可以提高发酵香肠的羟自由基清除能力,使发酵香肠有更高的抗氧化性。
4.5.3超氧阴离子自由基清除率该方法与本发明上述3.3超氧阴离子自由基清除率方法相同。
经过测试,由图9可以看出,A组的超氧阴离子自由基清除能力最高,超氧阴离子清除能力从高到底依次为A组、CK2组、CK1,说明发酵剂的添加会增强发酵香肠对超氧阴离子的清除能力,提高发酵香肠的抗氧化活性。
本发明的社会效益:缩短发酵香肠发酵时间、降低发酵香肠含盐量、抑制发酵香肠氧化,生产出的发酵香肠品质高、风味好且具有抗氧化活性,有利于人体健康。
经济效益:应用抗氧化活性高的乳酸菌发酵香肠,抑制了脂肪和蛋白质的氧化,提高了发酵香肠的安全性以及质量,延长了发酵香肠的保质期,使生产企业直接受益。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭示如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何本领域技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上述揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所作的任何间接修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (3)
1.一株植物乳杆菌,其特征在于:该菌株为植物乳杆菌(Lactobacillus plantarum)CC-3,于2021年11月24日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No .23963。
2.一种权利要求1所述的植物乳杆菌在制备低盐发酵香肠中的应用。
3.一种使用权利要求1所述植物乳杆菌发酵制备的发酵香肠。
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