CN115364133A - Acupoint-sticking water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Acupoint-sticking water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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CN115364133A
CN115364133A CN202210975943.0A CN202210975943A CN115364133A CN 115364133 A CN115364133 A CN 115364133A CN 202210975943 A CN202210975943 A CN 202210975943A CN 115364133 A CN115364133 A CN 115364133A
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acupuncture
folium artemisiae
artemisiae argyi
preservative
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郑新桂
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Nanjing Qihuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Co ltd
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Nanjing Qihuang Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses acupoint sticking moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture and a manufacturing method thereof, and relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine preparations, wherein the acupoint sticking moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-94 parts of purified water, 4-5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 1-3 parts of preservative and 1-2 parts of thickening agent. The stimulation is mild, but has long duration, can achieve the same stimulation effect as acupuncture, can replace acupuncture point acupuncture therapy of acupuncture needles, and is particularly suitable for patients who are afraid of acupuncture and fainting or home self-treatment.

Description

Acupoint-sticking water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of traditional Chinese medicine preparations, in particular to acupoint sticking moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
Acupuncture is a traditional technique of Chinese medicine, and treats diseases by a method of acupuncture and moxibustion and conditions the body. The acupuncture therapy is to use a specially-made metal needle, select certain acupuncture points according to different diseases, pierce into the body of a patient, and use an operation technique to treat the diseases; the moxibustion is to burn the burning moxa section on the surface of the skin of the acupuncture point by thermal stimulation, and acupuncture is a valuable heritage in Chinese medicine. The water moxibustion is a traditional Chinese medicine method for treating diseases by smearing irritative medicines on the body surface. "Liu 28729J-Wen": tuberculosis, the ridge beam is wiped with garlic, famous water moxibustion. External treatment of life-prolonging Shi Fang & Laogu (ancient prescription and labour injury): for consumptive disease without qi deficiency, water moxibustion: … … starts its descent, ascends to the lumbar vertebra, and descends from the lumbar vertebra to the caudal sulcus, tens of times.
The methods of acupuncture and moxibustion therapy also have the following disadvantages: first, there is an insult to the body; secondly, the operation requirement is high, skilled operation skills are required, and the operation of needle-walking and reinforcing reduction is understood; thirdly, patients suffer from pain and fear, and the needle-sick phenomenon can occur; fourthly, treatment must be applied in medical places; fifthly, the irritation is high but the persistence is short, and is generally only 30 minutes. Therefore, the scope of its treatment is limited.
The traditional water moxibustion method has the following defects: firstly, the corresponding part cannot be stimulated for a long time; secondly, different moxibustion solutions are required for different diseases; thirdly, the large area of the stimulation part reduces the stress effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art and provides acupuncture point attaching moxibustion liquid and a manufacturing method thereof.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an acupoint sticking water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-94 parts of purified water, 4-5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 1-3 parts of preservative and 1-2 parts of thickening agent.
Preferably, the preservative is at least one of o-phenylphenol, cresol and dimethylphenol.
Preferably, the thickener is any one of gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose and acryloyl dimethyl tauramine.
Preferably, the water purification agent comprises 90 parts of purified water, 4 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 1 part of preservative and 1 part of thickening agent.
Preferably, the water purification agent comprises 94 parts of purified water, 5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 3 parts of preservative and 2 parts of thickening agent.
A manufacturing method of acupoint pasting water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture and moxibustion comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving folium Artemisiae Argyi powder in supercritical CO 2 In an extraction kettle, the extraction temperature is 38 ℃, the extraction pressure is 28MPa 2 The flow rate is 30g/min, the pressure of the separation kettle is 12Mpa, the temperature is 30 ℃, the operation is carried out for 100min, and after the extraction and the decoloration are finished, the folium artemisiae argyi extract is obtained;
step two: according to the weight parts, taking 4-5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 90-94 parts of purified water, 1-3 parts of preservative and 1-2 parts of thickening agent, adding the purified water into the folium artemisiae argyi extract, uniformly stirring, then sequentially adding the preservative and the thickening agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
step three: and filling the mixed solution into a sharp-mouth dropping bottle, and sealing for later use.
The Chinese medicinal materials used in the invention have the following medicinal properties:
folium artemisiae argyi:
the folium Artemisiae Argyi is dry leaf of Artemisia argyi of Compositae, and the main components of folium Artemisiae Argyi are volatile oil, flavone, eudesmane and triterpenes.
Nature, flavor and meridian tropism: pungent and bitter taste, warm nature; it enters liver, spleen and kidney meridians.
The functions are as follows: warming channels to stop bleeding, dispelling cold to relieve pain, eliminating dampness to relieve itching.
The pharmacological action is as follows: folium Artemisiae Argyi has antibacterial, reticuloendothelial cell phagocytosis enhancing, antiasthmatic, anaphylactic shock resisting, antitussive, expectorant, gallbladder function promoting, and uterus exciting effects, and has effects on cardiovascular system, blood coagulation, blood platelet, and central nervous system.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the medicinal liquid is dropped into a medical blank application, and the application is applied on meridian points of human body, and the acupuncture points are stimulated by the medicinal liquid to dredge meridians and regulate qi and blood of human body. The stimulation is mild, but has long duration, can achieve the same stimulation effect as acupuncture, can replace acupuncture point acupuncture therapy of acupuncture needle tools, and is particularly suitable for patients who are afraid of acupuncture and acupuncturing.
2. No iatrogenic infection, no toxic side effect, safe use of the patient and wide disease treatment range.
3. Compared with the medicine in western medicine, the medicine can avoid the damage of the medicine to the liver and the kidney.
4. Simple and safe operation, convenient carrying and use and low preparation cost.
5. Mild stimulation to human body, long duration, up to 6-10 hours.
6. The requirement on operators is low, the sticking error has no side effect, and the mistake making and the trial and error are allowed.
Detailed Description
In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the technical solution of the present invention clearer, the technical solution of the embodiment of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the specific embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention.
The first embodiment is as follows:
an acupoint sticking water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90 parts of purified water, 4 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 1 part of preservative and 1 part of thickening agent, wherein the preservative is o-phenylphenol; the thickener is gelatin.
A manufacturing method of acupoint pasting water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture and moxibustion comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving folium Artemisiae Argyi powder in supercritical CO 2 In an extraction kettle, the extraction temperature is 38 ℃, the extraction pressure is 28MPa 2 The flow rate is 30g/min, the pressure of the separation kettle is 12Mpa, the temperature is 30 ℃, the operation is carried out for 100min, and after the extraction and the decoloration are finished, the folium artemisiae argyi extract is obtained;
step two: taking 4 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 90 parts of purified water, 1 part of preservative and 1 part of thickening agent according to parts by weight, adding the purified water into the folium artemisiae argyi extract, uniformly stirring, and then sequentially adding the preservative and the thickening agent into the folium artemisiae argyi extract, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
step three: and filling the mixed solution into a sharp-mouth dropping bottle, and sealing for later use.
Example two:
an acupoint sticking water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 92 parts of purified water, 4.5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 2 parts of preservative and 1.5 parts of thickening agent, wherein the preservative is a mixture of 1 part of o-phenylphenol and 1 part of cresol; the thickening agent is acryloyl dimethyl taurinic acid amine.
A method for preparing acupoint-sticking water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture and moxibustion comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving folium Artemisiae Argyi powder in supercritical CO 2 In an extraction kettle, the extraction temperature is 38 ℃, the extraction pressure is 28MPa 2 The flow rate is 30g/min, the pressure of the separation kettle is 12Mpa, the temperature is 30 ℃, the operation is carried out for 100min, and after the extraction and the decoloration are finished, the folium artemisiae argyi extract is obtained;
step two: taking 4.5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 92 parts of purified water, 2 parts of preservative and 1.5 parts of thickening agent according to parts by weight, adding the purified water into the folium artemisiae argyi extract, uniformly stirring, and then sequentially adding the preservative and the thickening agent into the folium artemisiae argyi extract, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
step three: and filling the mixed solution into a sharp-mouth dropping bottle, and sealing for later use.
Example three:
an acupoint sticking water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture, which comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 94 parts of purified water, 5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 3 parts of preservative and 2 parts of thickening agent, wherein the preservative is a mixture of 2 parts of o-phenylphenol and 1 part of dimethylphenol; the thickening agent is carboxymethyl cellulose.
A method for preparing acupoint-sticking water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture and moxibustion comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving folium Artemisiae Argyi powder in supercritical CO 2 In an extraction kettle, the extraction temperature is 38 ℃, the extraction pressure is 28MPa 2 The flow rate is 30g/min, the pressure of the separation kettle is 12Mpa, the temperature is 30 ℃, the operation is carried out for 100min, and after the extraction and the decoloration are finished, the folium artemisiae argyi extract is obtained;
step two: according to the weight parts, taking 5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 94 parts of purified water, 3 parts of preservative and 2 parts of thickening agent, adding the purified water into the folium artemisiae argyi extract, uniformly stirring, and then sequentially adding the preservative and the thickening agent into the mixture, uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
step three: and filling the mixed solution into a sharp-mouth dropping bottle, and sealing for later use.
1. The use method of the invention comprises the following steps:
1. dripping the acupoint moxibustion liquid on the medical application;
2. according to the disease symptoms, the parts or acupuncture points needing to be pasted are confirmed according to the traditional Chinese medicine acupuncture theory and the knowledge of the channels, the collaterals and the viscera;
3. the sticking time is 6-10 hours, the plaster can be removed by sticking to the bed before sleeping, or sticking the plaster to the bed in the daytime, wherein the plaster is stuck once a day (the plaster effect is better at night), and the plaster is generally stuck for 4 days and stops for 2 days;
4. after the plaster is removed, the plaster is wiped clean by paper or towel, and then the place where the plaster is applied is wiped by alcohol, so that the purpose of treating diseases is achieved.
2. General treatment of common conditions by locating acupoints
1. Cold: fengchi, dazhui, skylight, danzhong, feishu and Lieque;
2. acute bronchi: lung acupoints, dyspnea-relieving, tiantu, zusanli and Yongquan;
3. chronic bronchitis asthma: feishu, zhongfu, splenic acupoints, gaohuang, taiyuan, dingchuan, yongquan, zusanli, tiantu, zusanli, futu, yinlingquan, dazhui;
4. cough: tanzhong, feishu, gaohuang, tiantu, fengmen, jianjing, dazhui, zusanli and Fenglong;
5. headache: ashi point, taiyang, tanzhong, yongquan, yanglingquan, dangling, taichong;
6. migraine, ashi point, taiyang, tianjing, zhongshu, zhongwan, yinlingquan, jianjing and Yanglingquan;
7. pulmonary tuberculosis: feishu, taiyuan, tanzhong, lieque, zusanli, dazhu, jianzhu, quchi, sanyinjiao, gaohuang, zusanli, taixi;
8. pleurisy: feishu, neiguan, qimen, yinlingquan, xiaxi, danzhong and diaphragma acupoints;
9. epigastric plum moxibustion, zusanli, weiyu and Yinlingquan, for gastralgia and gastrectasia due to gastritis;
10. acute gastroenteritis: tianshu, zhongwan, guanyuan, shenque and Yangzhen;
11. abdominal pain: qihai, zhongwan, neiting, spleen Yu, zusanli, tianshu;
12. gastroptosis: tanzhong, zusanli, zhongwan, liangmen, guanyuan;
13. sphagitis: dazhu, baimen, dazhui, tiantu, nebula, renying, zuize, liezu;
14. rhinitis: welcome incense, wind pool, yang white, shoulder well, air door, quchi, lung Yu, and three interior of hand;
15. running dolphin: juque, tianshu, shaofu, shenmen, neiguan, laogong, tianshu, guanyuan, zhongwan, zhigou, zhaohai;
16. constipation: zusanli, tianshu, guanyuan, appendix, zhongwan, dachang Yu, zhigou, and Zhang Hai;
17. insomnia: yongquan, sanyinjiao, neiguan, waiguan, danzhong, taixi, ZUlinqi, taichong, zusanli, guanyuan and Juque;
18. edema: kidney acupoints, triple energizer acupoints, vesical Shu, zhongwan, guanyuan, water, yinlingquan, sanyinjiao;
19. hypertension: zusanli, jugu, quchi, xuehai, xinyu, yongquan, dangzhong, waiguan, quchi, tanzhong, zhangmen, taichong;
20. angina pectoris: juque, shaofu, guanyuan, shenmen, tiantu, xinshu, zhiyang, jueyinshu, danzhong, shaohai and Neiguan.
21. Diabetes mellitus: shenque, yin lingquan, floor machine, san yin chiao, zusan li, jianjing, zhongwan, sanjiao Yu, lung Yu, quchi, guanyuan, yongquan, natural Gu, pancreas Yu, taixi, jianbin, reliu, and Shangju deficiency;
22. mastitis: jianjing, tianzong, tanzhong, shenque, zusanli, zhongwan:
23. cholecystitis: yanglingquan, qimen, zhiyang, tianzong, hills, gallbladder acupoints, external hills, riyue, gallbladder acupoints, taichong and Zusanli all the way around;
24. liver diseases: the point of the Qimen, zhongwan, diaphragmal, ganju, dan Yu, zhiyang, ququan, taichong, yanglingquan, zusanli, water, sanyinjiao;
25. scapulohumeral periarthritis: tianliao, diaphragmatic acupoint, tianzong, jianjing, jiquan, yuanaxilla, yanglingquan;
26. prostate gland: yin lingquan, san yin chia, qi and sea, guan yuan, mingmen, fu liu, taixi, kidney yu, perineum, waist yang guan, shenque;
27. appendicitis: guanyuan, qi and sea, daju, dachang Yu, luo Liu, appendix, and Shang ju deficiency;
28. and (3) stiff neck: tianzhu, jianjing, daizhi and Ashi points
29. And (3) sciatica: kidney acupoints, large intestine acupoints, xialiao, huantiao, rank border, weizhong, yanglingquan, sanyinjiao, bone-insulated, ashi acupoints;
30. dysmenorrhea: qihai, guanyuan, mingmen, shenque, xialiao, di ji, sanyinjiao, rank-border, zhongdu, water fountain.
3. Clinical trial study of the composition of the present invention
1. The proportion of the liquid medicine is determined as follows: 94 parts of purified water, 5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 3 parts of preservative and 2 parts of thickening agent, wherein the preservative is o-phenylphenol; the thickener is gelatin.
2. Whether the curative effect is successful or not by using acupoint-sticking water moxibustion is the most critical point of deep understanding of the zang-fu meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine and well-known of the strange acupoint and strange prescription of traditional folk acupuncture, besides the comprehensive understanding of acupuncture theory. Now, for example:
first, zhao XX, female, age 70, has a history of chronic bronchitis for over 50 years. Aminophylline needs to be taken 3 times a day, 2 capsules each time, the patient still has unsmooth breathing, and hospitalization is often needed when the solar term changes. A large amount of hormone medicines are taken throughout the year, so that the central obesity, the lassitude and the insomnia and diabetes superficial inflammation are caused. Dripping the acupoint-sticking moxibustion liquid on a medical application, applying a method for sticking and treating, and selecting acupoints: one group thereof is as follows: feishu, zhongfu, dingchuan, zusanli and Taichong; two groups thereof are as follows: tiantu, dazhui, futu, yinlingquan, yongquan; the patch is applied once a day, the two groups are alternated, the patch time is 6-10 hours, and the patch treatment is stopped for 2 days after 4 days. The patient starts to spit a large amount of sputum in about one week, the breath is smooth and relaxed, and the spitting lasts for about 2-3 months. After 10 days, the dosage of aminophylline is gradually reduced, and after half a year, the breath is normal without taking aminophylline, and other diseases are improved.
Zheng XX, male, age 71, trigeminal neuralgia for more than 20 years, taking carbamazepine tablets 3 times a day, 6 tablets each time, still can not relieve pain, and eating is difficult and slow. Once treated with a small needle knife, it is ineffective. The life is painful, and the mood is low. Dripping the acupoint-sticking moxibustion liquid on a medical application, applying a method for sticking and treating, and selecting acupoints: tian Ying acupoint, yin Ling quan, tai Chong and Zu Lin Qi, are attached once a day for 6-10 hours. The patch stops for 2 days after 4 days, and expectoration begins continuously after 10 days, so that the pain is greatly relieved. After 20 days, the amount of carbamazepine tablets is tried to be reduced, and the patient is cured without taking medicine after insisting for 6 months.
In the third example, plum XX, male and 40 years old, the patient is hospitalized due to the cold and fever, the fever is relieved in three days after the western medicine infusion, but the stomach is continuously pulled in the following week, and the patient is asked to have a normal diet and no appetite. Dripping the acupoint-sticking moxibustion liquid on a medical application, applying a method for sticking and treating, and selecting acupoints: zhongwan plum blossom moxibustion, zusanli, guanyuan and Yongquan. The plaster is applied once a day for 6-10 hours, and 1 diarrhea and dysentery stopping is treated by the plaster for 3 times.
In case of xue XX, female, age 55, knee pain, inability to walk, hospital diagnosis of meniscus damage, and joint effusion. Dripping the acupoint-sticking moxibustion liquid on a medical application, applying a method for sticking and treating, and selecting acupoints: calf nose, crane top, yin Lingquan, yang Lingquan, ququan, ashi point, and Taichong point. The plaster is applied once a day, and the plaster application time is 6-10 hours. The symptoms are obviously relieved after 1 time, and the recovery is realized after 10 days.
In the fifth case, ding XX, male, age 22, rhinitis, affecting sleep, heavy voice, frequent cold and fever in the small weather. Western medicines are taken for control at present, the effect is general, and the trend of the two years is aggravated. Applying acupoint sticking moxibustion liquid, dripping the acupoint sticking moxibustion liquid on a medical application, applying a method for sticking treatment, and selecting acupoints: the plaster is pasted once a day for 6-10 hours and is pasted for 4 days and stopped for 2 days. A large amount of clear nasal discharge flows out after one week, and the condition is obviously relieved. Thirty days later, the disease condition is completely improved. After two months, the patient is followed up and the western medicine is stopped taking the medicine.
Example six, mao XX, female, age 48. The arm suddenly can not lift upwards, the acupoint sticking moxibustion liquid is used for applying, the acupoint sticking moxibustion liquid is dripped on the medical application, the acupoint sticking treatment is carried out, and the method comprises the following steps: jianjing, jiquan, tianzong, jianliao, yuanaxilla, ashi point, yanglingquan. The plaster is released after 5 minutes, and can be lifted normally after 15 minutes. The disease is cured once.
According to experimental results, the acupoint pasting water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture is characterized in that liquid medicine is placed in a medical paster, the paster is pasted on meridian points of a human body, the acupuncture points are stimulated by the liquid medicine, meridians and collaterals are dredged to the human body, qi and blood are regulated, the same stimulation effect as acupuncture and moxibustion can be achieved, acupuncture and moxibustion of acupuncture needles can be replaced, the acupoint pasting water moxibustion liquid is particularly suitable for self treatment of patients who are afraid of acupuncture and acupuncturing and sick at home, meanwhile, the treatment method is free of iatrogenic infection and toxic and side effects, the use safety of the patients is guaranteed, the treatment range is wider, compared with the medicine in western medicine, damage of the medicine to liver and kidney is avoided, the treatment method is simple and safe to operate, the mistrial and error of people is allowed to be treated, the carrying and the use are very convenient, the preparation cost is lower, the stimulation to the human body is mild, and the duration is long.
Note that:
1. the oral administration is prohibited, and the oral administration is forbidden for infants, pregnant women and patients allergic to the adhesive plaster;
2. after the application is removed, the adhesive part of the application is scrubbed by alcohol to prevent skin allergy;
3. if the skin adhesive part is itchy or has red spots after being pasted, the symptoms are continued after the skin adhesive part is rested for a plurality of days;
4. if the disease condition is aggravated in a short time after the application, the application should be stopped immediately and the doctor should be treated immediately.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

1. An acupoint sticking water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 90-94 parts of purified water, 4-5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 1-3 parts of preservative and 1-2 parts of thickening agent.
2. The acupuncture-point-attaching moxibustion liquid according to claim 1, wherein the preservative is at least one of o-phenylphenol, cresol and dimethylphenol.
3. The acupuncture point-attaching moxibustion liquid according to claim 1, wherein the thickener is any one of gelatin, carboxymethyl cellulose, and acryloyldimethyl taurate.
4. The acupuncture point-attaching moxibustion liquid according to claim 1, wherein the purified water is 90 parts, the folium artemisiae argyi extract is 4 parts, the preservative is 1 part, and the thickening agent is 1 part.
5. The acupuncture point-attaching moxibustion liquid according to claim 1, wherein the purified water comprises 94 parts, the folium artemisiae argyi extract comprises 5 parts, the preservative comprises 3 parts, and the thickener comprises 2 parts.
6. A method for preparing acupoint-attached water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: dissolving folium Artemisiae Argyi powder in supercritical CO 2 In an extraction kettle, the extraction temperature is 38 ℃, the extraction pressure is 28MPa 2 The flow rate is 30g/min, the pressure of the separation kettle is 12Mpa, the temperature is 30 ℃, the operation is carried out for 100min, and after the extraction and the decoloration are finished, the folium artemisiae argyi extract is obtained;
step two: according to the weight parts, taking 4-5 parts of folium artemisiae argyi extract, 90-94 parts of purified water, 1-3 parts of preservative and 1-2 parts of thickening agent, adding the purified water into the folium artemisiae argyi extract, uniformly stirring, then sequentially adding the preservative and the thickening agent, and uniformly stirring to obtain a mixed solution;
step three: and filling the mixed solution into a sharp-mouth dropping bottle, and sealing for later use.
CN202210975943.0A 2022-08-15 2022-08-15 Acupoint-sticking water moxibustion liquid for replacing acupuncture and preparation method thereof Pending CN115364133A (en)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2000344662A (en) * 1999-06-02 2000-12-12 Kazuo Sasaki Skin patch
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JP2000344662A (en) * 1999-06-02 2000-12-12 Kazuo Sasaki Skin patch
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