CN115354497B - 空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明属于油水分离材料技术领域,具体涉及一种空气中亲水亲油‑水下疏油‑油下疏水涂料及其制备方法和应用。所述涂料由A组分和B组分组成,A组分和B组分混合或分开储存;涂料以水和/或有机溶剂作为溶剂,以溶剂体积计,包括以下浓度的原料:低表面能小分子化合物0.01‑2g/100mL、聚合物0.5‑2.0g/100mL、固化剂0‑0.1g/100mL、亲水亲油表面活性剂0‑5g/100mL。本发明制备的涂料处理后的基材不仅涂层牢度高,手感舒适,还具有良好的光泽及韧性,方法简单,实用性高,实现了空气中亲水亲油‑水下疏油‑油下疏水的效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于具有特殊润湿性纤维材料表面处理技术领域,该涂层技术可用于油水分离材料领域,具体涉及一种空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
在自然界,许多生物在空气中和水中润湿状态不同。如鱼鳞,由于其表面存在微纳米级粗糙度以及黏液层中存在-OH、-NH2和-CO官能团,亲水性大于亲油性,在空气中亲水亲油,但在水下就会排斥油。所以基材表面的润湿状态并不是恒定不变的,受环境介质的影响,基材的润湿性会发生变化。
直接决定液体铺展性能的是基材独特的化学性质(表面能、基团),此外,粗糙度也会影响润湿性,所以液下双疏类基材可以通过改变其表面性质及提高粗糙度来构筑。从热力学角度,基材同时达到水下疏油和油下疏水状态,需要表面既排斥另一液体又不会被其取代,即处于亚稳定态,通过调整完全相反的亲水和疏水成分比例,可以达到亚稳定态。处理后的基材由于表面存在亲水及亲油基团,水和油可以渗透和滞留在微观结构,阻隔另一液体与基材表面接触(基材本身的粗糙结构有时也会起到一定的阻隔作用并增大其润湿性)。
液下双疏材料在油/水分离、液体收集及传输领域可以发挥重要作用,其分离油包水、水包油乳液及溶液时不需要切换材料,具有独特的优势。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是:提供一种空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料,该涂料处理的基材不仅涂层牢度高,手感舒适,还具有良好的光泽及韧性,方法简单,实用性高,具有空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水的效果;本发明还提供其制备方法和应用。
本发明所述的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料,由A组分和B组分组成,A组分和B组分混合或分开储存;
当A组分和B组分混合储存时,所述涂料以水和/或有机溶剂作为溶剂,以溶剂体积为100mL计,还包括以下浓度的原料:低表面能小分子化合物0.01-2g/100mL、聚合物0.5-2.0g/100mL、固化剂0-0.1g/100mL、亲水亲油表面活性剂0-5g/100mL;
当A组分和B组分分开储存时,所述涂料由A组分和B组分组成,其中A组分以有机溶剂作为溶剂,以溶剂体积为100mL计,包括以下浓度的原料:低表面能小分子化合物0.01-2g/100mL;B组分以有机溶剂或水作为溶剂,以溶剂体积为100mL计,包括以下浓度的原料:聚合物0.5-2.0g/100mL、固化剂0-0.1g/100mL、亲水亲油表面活性剂0-5g/100mL。
本发明中,所述聚合物优选为水性聚氨酯、丙烯酸树脂或环烯烃共聚物(如COC),但不限于以上物质。所选用的聚合物要求具有高粘附性,与基材结合后涂层耐久性好。
当聚合物为水性聚氨酯时,固化剂为异氰酸酯或氮吡啶,固化剂添加量为0.01-0.1g/100mL溶剂;当聚合物为丙烯酸树脂或环烯烃共聚物时,不添加固化剂。
当聚合物为水性聚氨酯或丙烯酸树脂等水溶性聚合物时,采用水作为溶剂;当聚合物为环烯烃共聚物(如COC)等不溶于水的聚合物时,采用有机溶剂作为溶剂。
本发明中,所述低表面能小分子化合物优选为氟硅烷类化合物、十八烷基胺(ODA)或聚二甲基硅氧烷,但不限于以上物质。
优选地,常用的氟硅烷类化合物为三乙氧基-1H,1H,2H,2H-十三氟-N-辛基硅烷、1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷或1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷。
本发明中,所述亲水亲油表面活性剂为吐温或司盘,但不限于以上物质。亲水亲油表面活性剂的主要作用是调节基材的亲水亲油平衡性,只有其亲水性亲油性相差不大时,处理后的基材才具有空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水性能。
本发明中,所述有机溶剂优选为乙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环己烷、甲苯中的一种或多种。
本发明中,当A组分和B组分混合储存时,根据水溶性聚合物和低表面能小分子化合物的用量调整水和有机溶剂的混合比例,水和有机溶剂的体积比优选为99:1-80:20。
本发明中,亲、疏水物质的比例及用量通常会根据基材发生相应的变化,聚合物用量固定时,低表面能小分子化合物比例则不能调节过低或过高,过低液下无法形成疏液面,过高则表面在空气中会疏水乃至疏油。
本发明所述的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料的制备方法,步骤如下:
(1)在常温下,将低表面能小分子化合物溶于有机溶剂中,或者将低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子分散在有机溶剂中,得到表面能小分子化合物溶液或低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子分散液,即为A组分;
(2)在常温下,将聚合物、固化剂、亲水亲油表面活性剂溶于有机溶剂或水中,得到聚合物溶液,即为B组分;
(3)将A组分和B组分混合储存或分别储存,即得空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料。
在一种实施方式中,当聚合物采用水性聚氨酯时,将聚合物、固化剂、亲水亲油表面活性剂加入到水中,搅拌直至完全溶解得到均匀澄清聚合物溶液;在一种实施方式中,当聚合物为丙烯酸树脂或环烯烃共聚物时,无需加入固化剂。
在一种实施方式中,将低表面能小分子化合物先溶于有机溶剂中形成溶液,再加入聚合物溶液中;在一种实施方式中,将低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子分散液加入聚合物溶液中,纳米粒子可提高涂层粗糙度,用以进一步提高涂层表面润湿性。
所述低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子分散液的制备方法如下:
在常温下,先将亲水纳米粒子通过超声分散在溶剂中,再将低表面能小分子化合物加入纳米粒子分散液中,搅拌得到低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子分散液。
所述亲水纳米粒子为二氧化硅纳米粒子或二氧化钛纳米粒子;所述低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子可以为十八烷基胺接枝二氧化硅或二氧化钛纳米粒子、氟硅烷修饰二氧化硅或二氧化钛纳米粒子等。
在一种实施方式中,为了提高纳米粒子在溶剂中的分散性,可以采用硅酸四乙酯用氨水水解的方法制备亲水纳米二氧化硅粒子。
在一种实施方式中,可以将低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子从分散液中分离出来,得到低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子备用。
本发明中,聚合物、亲水亲油表面活性剂和低表面能小分子化合物的配比与基材本身的润湿性有关。对于棉、滤纸等亲水性强于亲油性的基材,要求适当提高低表面能化合物浓度配比;而对于涤纶、羊毛等亲水性低于亲油性的基材,则要求适当降低低表面能化合物浓度配比,以达到亲水亲油性平衡,使得最终处理后的基材具有空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水性能。聚合物溶液具有较高粘附性,交联后在基材表面形成均匀的大分子网络结构,可将小分子化合物以及纳米粒子黏附在基材表面,提高涂层牢度。
本发明所述的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料的应用,用于对基材表面进行处理。在对基材进行处理时,将涂料的A组分和B组分混合后或者依次采用浸渍或喷涂的方式在基层表面形成涂层,使基材达到空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水的效果。
在采用浸渍方式时,将基材放入涂料中,充分浸渍,取出烘干,得到,得到空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂层。
浸渍时,可将基材浸渍在涂料的A组分和B组分混合物中,取出烘干;也可以将基材先浸渍在涂料的A组分中,取出烘干后,再浸渍在涂料的B组分中,取出烘干。
在采用喷涂方式时,将涂料喷涂到基材表面,调整喷涂参数控制涂层厚度,然后将处理后基材烘干,得到空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂层。
喷涂时,可将涂料的A组分和B组分混合物喷涂到基材表面,然后烘干;也可以先将涂料的A组分喷涂到基材表面,烘干,再将涂料的B组分喷涂到基材表面,烘干。
本发明的涂料适用于各种基材、例如纺织材料、非织造材料、塑料膜、玻璃、金属、木材、泡沫、海绵、墙体、混凝土、砖瓦、陶瓷等。根据不同基材本身表面润湿特性适当调整亲水亲油表面活性剂、低表面能小分子化合物在溶液中的比例,使其达到亲水亲油润湿性平衡,最终得到水下疏油-油下疏水涂层。对于棉、滤纸等亲水性强于亲油性的基材,要求适当提高低表面能小分子化合物的浓度配比;而对于涤纶、羊毛、不锈钢网等亲水性低于亲油性的基材,则要求适当降低低表面能小分子化合物的浓度配比。
在一种实施方式中,对于加入固化剂的涂料,处理过的基材一般需要高温固化,高温可使分子运动加快使聚合物形成交联网络结构。优选地,固化温度为120-140℃,固化时间为10-30min,使聚合物交联固化得到高牢度涂层。
在一种实施方式中,如需加强液下双疏的特性,加快空气中液滴铺展速度及提高液下排斥另一液体的能力,可采用加入纳米粒子的涂料,以增加涂层表面粗糙度。
本发明制备的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料,也称为液下双疏涂料。该涂料在纺织材料、非织造材料、塑料膜、玻璃、金属、木材、泡沫、海绵、墙体、混凝土、砖瓦、陶瓷等表面形成液下双疏涂层,处理后的基材表面在空气中表现亲液性质,在液体(水或油)中却表现疏液性质,涂层方法可用浸渍、喷涂、旋涂、泡沫涂层、刮涂等。本发明利用不同原料对基材润湿性能协同作用,通过调整亲疏水基团比例,制得液下双疏类涂料,制备方法简单,成本低廉。液下双疏表面可用于水包油及油包水溶液(乳液)的液体分离,不需要切换材料,在油/水分离、液体收集及传输等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
本发明所得到的液下双疏类基材由于具有高的表面能或表面存在亲水及亲油基团,当浸没于一种液体时,水或油易于扩散,可以渗透和滞留在微观结构中,微观结构被液体填充而没有困住空气层,当第二液体被引入时,由于第一液体的存在阻隔了第二液体与基材的接触,使得第二液体悬浮,支撑稳定的油水界面。
根据拉普拉斯方程,推导出不同环境中压力与推进接触角公式:
其中,γ为界面张力,l为孔隙周长,R为弯月面半径,θA为推进接触角,A为孔隙截面积。
将本发明材料表面的粗糙度理解为孔隙近似、排列规则的方形阵列,液下双疏类基材在空气中一般亲水亲油,θA几乎为0,代入公式,可以得出ΔP也小于0,基材不能承受任何压力,液体可以轻松穿过基材。而在液面下,基材表面的粗糙结构困住了液体,使得第二液体与基材的θA>90°,当θA>90°,则ΔP>0,基材能承担一定的压力,油/水很难穿过被粗糙结构困住的水/油层,并且存在毛细管效应造成的阻力,除非有足够的外部压力支持,否则油或水无法穿透基材,也就实现了液下双疏的效果。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果如下:
(1)本发明采用水性聚酯等类聚合物作为原材料,材料易得,涂层牢度高且能为基材提供优异的手感、光泽;
(2)本发明将硅烷偶联剂等疏水性表面活性剂溶于有机溶剂,再与聚合物水溶液混合或分步处理,制得的涂层溶液非常均匀,且操作简单,适合大规模工业使用;
(3)本发明通过涂料中亲疏水成分的协同作用,不仅能使处理后的基材表面在空气中亲水亲油、液面下疏水疏油,进一步还能形成空气中超亲水超亲油-液面下超疏水超疏油的基材表面,液下双疏表面可用于水包油及油包水溶液(乳液)的液体分离,不需要切换材料,在油/水分离、液体收集及传输等领域具有广泛的应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料处理后的滤纸润湿性测试图片;
图中:1-a、测试环境为空气,测试液体为水;1-b、测试环境为空气,测试液体为二氯乙烷;1-c、测试环境为空气,测试液体为二甲基硅油;1-d、测试环境为空气,测试液体为大豆油;1-e、测试环境为二甲基硅油,测试液体为水;1-f、测试环境为水,测试液体为二氯乙烷;1-g、测试环境为水,测试液体为二甲基硅油;1-h、测试环境为水,测试液体为大豆油;
图2为实施例2制备的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料处理后的棉织物接触角测试图片;
图中:2-a、测试环境为空气,测试液体为水;2-b、测试环境为空气,测试液体为二氯乙烷;2-c、测试环境为水,测试液体为二氯乙烷;2-d、测试环境为二甲基硅烷,测试液体为水;
图3为实施例2制备的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料处理后的棉织物在清洗10个周期后的润湿性测试图片;
图中:3-a、测试环境为空气,测试液体为水;3-b、测试环境为空气,测试液体为二氯乙烷;3-c、测试环境为水,测试液体为二氯乙烷;3-d、测试环境为二甲基硅油,测试液体为水;
图4为棉织物处理前和经实施例4制备的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料处理后的电镜图;
图中:4-a、处理前的棉织物;4-b、涂层A处理后的棉织物;4-c、涂层B处理后的棉织物;
图5为实施例4制备的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料处理后的棉织物接触角测试图片;
图中:5-a、测试环境为水,测试液体为大豆油;5-b、测试环境为二甲基硅油,测试液体为水;
图6为未处理的滤纸润湿性测试图片;
图中:6-a、测试环境为空气,测试液体为水;6-b、测试环境为空气,测试液体为二氯乙烷;6-c、测试环境为空气,测试液体为二甲基硅油;6-d、测试环境为空气,测试液体为大豆油;6-e、测试环境为二甲基硅油,测试液体为水;6-f、测试环境为水,测试液体为二氯乙烷;
图7为未处理的棉织物润湿性测试图片;
图中:7-a、测试环境为空气,测试液体为水;7-b、测试环境为空气,测试液体为二氯乙烷;7-c、测试环境为二甲基硅油,测试液体为水;7-d、测试环境为水,测试液体为二氯乙烷。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明做出进一步说明。以下所述仅为本发明的实施例子,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的设计思想和原则之内,所做的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
实施例1
在常温下,将2g水性聚氨酯D-1352(广州海豚新材料公司)和0.02g氮吡啶(广州增茂化工科技有限公司)溶于80mL水中,得到聚合物溶液;将0.02g三乙氧基-1H,1H,2H,2H-十三氟-N-辛基硅烷溶于20mL乙醇中,然后加入溶液A中,在60℃下搅拌5min,使其分散均匀,得到溶液空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料。
将滤纸(空气中亲水亲油-油下亲水-水下疏油)浸入上述涂料中,常温浸渍5min,取出,130℃烘30min,得到处理后的滤纸。
对处理后的滤纸进行浸润性测试,测试结果如图1所示。从图1可以看出,空气中,在处理后的滤纸表面分别滴水滴、二氯乙烷、大豆油及二甲基硅油,液滴均能迅速铺展;在水中,于滤纸表面滴加二氯乙烷、大豆油及二甲基硅油,液滴无法在滤纸表面铺展,呈珠滴状;在二甲基硅油中,滴水至滤纸表面,滤纸抗拒水滴润湿,呈珠滴状;由此可见,经上述涂料处理后的滤纸具有空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水的效果。
实施例2
在常温下,将2g水性聚氨酯D-1352(广州海豚新材料公司)和0.05g异氰酸酯ZS-2601(广州增茂化工科技有限公司)溶于80mL水中,得到聚合物溶液;将0.5g三乙氧基-1H,1H,2H,2H-十三氟-N-辛基硅烷溶于20mL乙醇中,然后加入聚合物溶液中,在60℃下搅拌5min,使其分散均匀,得到空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料。
将尺寸5cm×5cm的棉织物(空气中亲水亲油-油下亲水-水下疏油)经乙醇-水冲洗、烘干熨烫预处理后,放入上述涂料中,常温浸渍5min,取出,130℃烘30min,得到处理后的棉织物。
对处理后的棉织物进行浸润性测试,测试结果如图2所示。从图2可以看出,空气中,在处理后的棉织物表面滴10μL的水滴和二氯乙烷,水滴和二氯乙烷均完全铺展;在水中,滴10μL二氯乙烷至表面,测其接触角为140°;在二甲基硅油中,滴10μL水至表面,测其接触角为143°;由此可见,经上述涂料处理后的棉织物具有空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水的效果。
此外,采用AATCC(61-2006试验No2A)洗涤方法对处理后的棉织物洗涤10个周期后,再次进行浸润性测试,测试结果如图3所示。从图3可以看出,棉织物仍然保持液下双疏性能不变,证明涂层牢度较高。
实施例3
在室温下,将2.5mL氨水溶于25mL乙醇,加入4mL硅酸四乙酯,反应30min,得到纳米粒子分散液;再将0.003g十八烷基胺(ODA)溶于5mL乙醇,超声均匀后,加入纳米粒子分散液中,搅拌反应15min,得到SiO2接枝0.01wt%ODA的乙醇溶液,放入棉织物,浸渍2min,取出,130℃烘30min,制得涂层A;
将0.25g聚氨酯D-1352(PU)与0.0125g异氰酸酯ZS-2601(DI)溶于50mL水中,形成0.5wt%PU+0.025wt%DI(PU:DI=100:5)的聚合物溶液,将烘干后的棉织物放入聚合物溶液中,130℃烘30min,制得涂层B,得到处理后的棉织物。
经测试,经上述涂料处理后的棉织物空气中10μL水滴1min铺展、10μL二甲基硅油20s铺展,水中二甲基硅油接触角为140°,二甲基硅油中水接触角为159°,具有空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水的效果。
实施例4
在室温下,将2.5mL氨水溶于25mL乙醇,加入4mL硅酸四乙酯,反应30min,得到纳米粒子分散液;再将0.003g十八烷基胺(ODA)溶于5mL乙醇,超声均匀后,加入纳米粒子分散液中,搅拌反应15min,得到SiO2接枝0.01wt%ODA的乙醇溶液,放入棉织物,浸渍2min,取出,130℃烘30min,制得涂层A;
将0.25g聚氨酯D-1352(PU)与0.0125g异氰酸酯ZS-2601(DI)分别溶于水中,混合形成50mL水溶液,加入0.05g吐温20(Tween 20),形成0.5wt%PU+0.025wt%DI+0.1wt%Tween 20(PU:DI=100:5)的聚合物溶液,将烘干后的棉织物放入聚合物溶液中,130℃烘30min,制得涂层B,得到处理后的棉织物。
棉织物处理前、涂层A处理后、涂层B处理后的扫描电镜图如图4所示,从图4可以看出,涂层A增加了棉织物的粗糙度,涂层B为聚氨酯和异氰酸酯,提高了棉织物的手感并起到固化涂层的作用。
对处理后的棉织物进行浸润性测试,测试结果如图5所示。从图5可以看出,空气中滴加10μL的水滴和大豆油滴,水滴和大豆油均迅速铺展;水中10μL的大豆油接触角为154.9°,水中10μL的二甲基硅油接触角为153°,且油滴极难粘附在织物表面;二甲基硅油中10μL的水滴接触角为154.3°;由此可见,经上述涂料处理后的棉织物具有空气中亲水亲油-水下超疏油-油下超疏水的效果。
此实施例证明引入粗糙结构可以增大润湿性,进一步形成液下超双疏基材。
对比例1
未经处理的滤纸。对未处理的滤纸进行浸润性测试,测试结果如图6所示。从图6可以看出,未处理的滤纸具有空气中亲水亲油-油下亲水-水下疏油的效果。
对比例2
未经处理的棉织物。对未处理的棉织物进行浸润性测试,测试结果如图7所示。从图7可以看出,未处理的棉织物具有空气中亲水亲油-油下亲水-水下疏油的效果。
对比例3
在室温下,将2.5mL氨水溶于25mL乙醇,加入4mL硅酸四乙酯,反应30min,得到纳米粒子分散液;再将0.003g十八烷基胺(ODA)溶于5mL乙醇,超声均匀后,加入纳米粒子分散液中,搅拌反应15min,得到SiO2接枝0.01wt%ODA的乙醇溶液,放入棉织物,浸渍2min,取出,130℃烘30min,制得涂层A;
将0.1g聚氨酯D-1352(PU)与0.005g异氰酸酯ZS-2601(DI)溶于50mL水中,形成0.2wt%PU+0.01wt%DI(PU:DI=100:5)的聚合物溶液,将烘干后的棉织物放入聚合物溶液中,130℃烘30min,制得涂层B,得到处理后的棉织物。
经测试,经上述涂料处理后的棉织物亲水亲油,水中二甲基硅油接触角为156.3°,二甲基硅油中水接触角为157.2°,具有空气中亲水亲油-水下超疏油-油下超疏水的效果。根据A ATCC试验方法(61-2006试验No 2A)洗涤5个周期后,水中二甲基硅油变为160°,二甲基硅油中的水2min左右完全铺展,证明聚氨酯浓度过低使得涂层牢度降低。
对比例4
在室温下,将2.5mL氨水溶于25mL乙醇,加入4mL硅酸四乙酯,反应30min,得到纳米粒子分散液;再将0.003g十八烷基胺(ODA)溶于5mL乙醇,超声均匀后,加入纳米粒子分散液中,搅拌反应15min,得到SiO2接枝0.01wt%ODA的乙醇溶液,放入棉织物,浸渍2min,取出,130℃烘30min,制得涂层A;
将5g聚氨酯D-1352(PU)与0.25g异氰酸酯ZS-2601(DI)溶于50mL水中,形成10wt%PU+0.5wt%(PU:DI=100:5)DI的聚合物溶液,将烘干后的棉织物放入聚合物溶液中,130℃烘30min,制得涂层B,得到处理后的棉织物。
处理后的棉织物非常僵硬,失去了织物本身的柔软性,且空气中水滴无法在其表面铺展,无法得到液下双疏的效果。
对比例5
在室温下,将2.5mL氨水溶于25mL乙醇,加入4mL硅酸四乙酯,反应30min,得到纳米粒子分散液;再将0.9g十八烷基胺(ODA)溶于5mL乙醇,超声均匀后,加入纳米粒子分散液中,搅拌反应15min,得到SiO2接枝3wt%ODA的乙醇溶液,放入棉织物,浸渍2min,取出,130℃烘30min,制得涂层A;
将0.25g聚氨酯D-1352(PU)与0.0125g异氰酸酯ZS-2601(DI)溶于50mL水中,形成0.5wt%PU+0.025wt%DI(PU:DI=100:5)的聚合物溶液,将烘干后的棉织物放入聚合物溶液中,涂层A处理的棉织物拒水型极强,无法被聚氨酯水溶液浸润,无法得到液下双疏的处理效果。
Claims (4)
1.一种空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料,其特征在于:由A组分和B组分组成,A组分和B组分混合或分开储存;
当A组分和B组分混合储存时,所述涂料以体积比为99:1-80:20的水和有机溶剂作为溶剂,以溶剂体积为100mL计,还包括以下浓度的原料:低表面能小分子化合物0.01-2g/100mL、聚合物0.5-2.0g/100mL、固化剂0-0.1g/100mL、亲水亲油表面活性剂0-5g/100mL;
当A组分和B组分分开储存时,所述涂料由A组分和B组分组成,其中A组分以有机溶剂作为溶剂,以溶剂体积为100mL计,包括以下浓度的原料:低表面能小分子化合物0.01-2g/100mL;B组分以有机溶剂或水作为溶剂,以溶剂体积为100mL计,包括以下浓度的原料:聚合物0.5-2.0g/100mL、固化剂0-0.1g/100mL、亲水亲油表面活性剂0-5g/100mL;
聚合物为水性聚氨酯、丙烯酸树脂或环烯烃共聚物;
低表面能小分子化合物为氟硅烷类化合物、十八烷基胺或聚二甲基硅氧烷;
固化剂为异氰酸酯或氮吡啶;
亲水亲油表面活性剂为吐温或司盘。
2.根据权利要求1所述的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料,其特征在于:有机溶剂为乙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、环己烷、甲苯中的一种或多种。
3.一种权利要求1或2所述的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料的制备方法,其特征在于:步骤如下:
(1)在常温下,将低表面能小分子化合物溶于有机溶剂中,或者将低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子分散在有机溶剂中,得到表面能小分子化合物溶液或低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子分散液,即为A组分;
(2)在常温下,将聚合物、固化剂、亲水亲油表面活性剂溶于有机溶剂或水中,得到聚合物溶液,即为B组分;
(3)将A组分和B组分混合储存或分开储存,即得空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料;
所述低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子分散液的制备方法如下:
在常温下,先将亲水纳米粒子通过超声分散在溶剂中,再将低表面能小分子化合物加入纳米粒子分散液中,搅拌得到低表面能小分子化合物修饰纳米粒子分散液;其中亲水纳米粒子为二氧化硅纳米粒子或二氧化钛纳米粒子。
4.一种权利要求1或2所述的空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水涂料的应用,其特征在于:用于对基材表面进行处理,在对基材进行处理时,将涂料的A组分和B组分依次或者混合后采用浸渍或喷涂的方式在基层表面形成涂层,使基材达到空气中亲水亲油-水下疏油-油下疏水的效果。
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