CN115352145A - Composite steel for valve plate and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Composite steel for valve plate and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN115352145A
CN115352145A CN202210733127.9A CN202210733127A CN115352145A CN 115352145 A CN115352145 A CN 115352145A CN 202210733127 A CN202210733127 A CN 202210733127A CN 115352145 A CN115352145 A CN 115352145A
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steel
composite
valve plate
martensitic stainless
stainless steel
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CN115352145B (en
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秦斌
梁小伟
贾楠
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Zhejiang Hummingbird New Material Co ltd
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Zhejiang Hummingbird New Material Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
    • B32B15/011—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic all layers being formed of iron alloys or steels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B47/00—Auxiliary arrangements, devices or methods in connection with rolling of multi-layer sheets of metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0268—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment between cold rolling steps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/10—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members
    • F04B39/102—Adaptations or arrangements of distribution members the members being disc valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/38—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling sheets of limited length, e.g. folded sheets, superimposed sheets, pack rolling
    • B21B2001/386—Plates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/54—Yield strength; Tensile strength
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/558—Impact strength, toughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/56—Damping, energy absorption
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/004—Dispersions; Precipitations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Abstract

The invention discloses composite steel for a valve plate, which is of a three-layer structure, wherein the surfaces of two sides are high-strength martensitic stainless steel, and the middle is made of a damping material; the high-strength martensitic stainless steel comprises, in mass%, C:0.40 to 0.55%, si: less than or equal to 0.60 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.80 percent, S: less than or equal to 0.005, P: less than or equal to 0.025, cr:12.5 to 14.0%, mo: less than or equal to 1.50 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements; the damping material is Fe-13% Cr alloy. After the composite steel with the damping function for the valve plate is subjected to heat treatment, the tensile strength reaches 1720-1880 MPa; the elongation is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the specific damping S.D.C value is more than or equal to 20 percent; the valve plate has various properties of conventional valve plate steel and a damping function.

Description

Composite steel for valve plate and manufacturing method thereof
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite steel for valve plates and preparation thereof, in particular to composite steel for valve plates with a damping function and a manufacturing method thereof.
Background
The compressor has wide application in various industries, such as air conditioners and refrigerator products, full-closed and semi-closed piston compressors for cold chains, air compressors of automobile air conditioners and braking systems for heavy trucks, oil-free compressors for industrial piston reciprocating compressors and medical respirators, and various vacuum pumps. The compressor is called a heart of home appliances and automobiles, and a valve sheet as suction and discharge air of the compressor is called a heart valve figuratively. The service life of the valve plate material is very high, at least the same as the design service life of equipment, and some even up to 30 years, so that the valve plate material has high performance requirements, high strength, high hardness, high wear resistance, high fatigue, high corrosion resistance, wide working temperature and the like. The valve plate steel mainly comprises carbon steel and stainless steel, wherein the high-strength martensitic stainless steel valve plate is mostly used for the compressor with higher requirement, and the use requirement of the valve plate steel can be met, namely the tensile strength reaches 1720-1880 MPa, and the elongation is more than or equal to 5%.
With the increasing demands of use, people are more and more aware of the vibration during the operation of the compressor, which causes noise, and the harmful vibration may cause the fatigue performance of the material to be reduced, so that the compressor fails in a short time. One of the main sources of vibration of the compressor is caused by the high-frequency impact between the valve plate and the valve plate during the suction and exhaust processes. The stainless steel for valve plates which is circulated in the current market does not have the functions of vibration reduction and noise reduction.
Three methods for reducing vibration noise are provided, namely system vibration reduction, structural vibration reduction and material vibration reduction, and valve plate material vibration reduction is a quick and effective method for a compressor air valve. The valve plate is made of high-damping alloy, so that vibration and noise are reduced, propagation of the valve plate is hindered, resonance peak stress is reduced, and the like. Because the alloy has a large amount of internal friction, the free vibration of the structure can be quickly attenuated, and the pulse stress can be obviously reduced and dissipated, thereby achieving the effects of vibration reduction and noise reduction. The internal loss of such energy is generally characterized by specific damping (attenuation coefficient) s.d.c., and materials with s.d.c values exceeding 20% are referred to as high damping materials. The damping characteristics and mechanical properties of some metal materials at room temperature are shown in Table 1, with Fe-13% Cr alloy being the better damping material with S.D.C values as high as 80%, but with tensile strengths of only about 426MPa, apparently meeting the performance requirements of stainless steel valve plate steel. The S.D.C value of the martensitic stainless steel in an annealed state is about 8%, and the damping property is poor; the tensile strength is about 640MPa, and the performance requirement of stainless steel valve plate steel is not met. The performance of other ferritic stainless steel and austenitic stainless steel is similar to that of annealed martensite, and the damping property and the tensile strength are not good enough. The conventional stainless steel for the valve plate is martensite stainless steel after heat treatment, the tensile strength and the elongation percentage of the conventional stainless steel for the valve plate both meet the requirements of valve plate steel, but the S.D.C value is only about 5 percent.
Obviously, at present, a stainless steel with a damping function for a valve plate is difficult to find.
Based on the situation, the invention provides the composite steel with the damping function for the valve plate and the manufacturing method, and the problems can be effectively solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide composite steel for a valve plate and a manufacturing method thereof. The damping material is compounded with the common high-strength martensitic stainless steel, and the high-strength martensitic stainless steel is arranged on two sides of the damping material, so that the damping material has the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high wear resistance, high fatigue and high corrosion resistance; the center is damping material, which has good damping performance and extension performance, after the two materials are compounded, the new material not only has various performances of the conventional valve plate steel, but also has the damping function. The tensile strength of the new material reaches 1720-1880 MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 5%, and the specific damping S.D.C value is more than or equal to 20%.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
the composite steel for the valve plate is of a three-layer structure, wherein the surfaces of two sides are made of high-strength martensitic stainless steel, and the middle is made of a damping material;
the high-strength martensitic stainless steel is symmetrically distributed on the two side surfaces of the damping material.
The high-strength martensitic stainless steel has a composition containing, in mass%,
C：0.40～0.55％、
Si：≤0.60％、
Mn：≤0.80％、
S：≤0.005、
P：≤0.025、
Cr：12.5～14.0％、
Mo：≤1.50％，
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
the damping material is Fe-13% Cr alloy.
Said Fe-13% by weight of Cr alloy means "an Fe-Cr alloy having a Cr content of 13% by weight".
The thickness proportion of the damping material in the composite steel (composite material) for the valve plate is 10-15%.
The composite steel for the valve plate is compounded by common high-strength martensitic stainless steel and a damping material, and the high-strength martensitic stainless steel is arranged on two sides of the composite steel, so that the composite steel has the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high wear resistance, high fatigue and high corrosion resistance; the damping material is arranged in the center, so that the damping material has good damping performance and extension performance, and after the two materials are compounded, the tensile strength of the composite steel for the valve plate with the damping function reaches 1720-1880 MPa after the composite steel is subjected to heat treatment; the elongation is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the specific damping S.D.C value is more than or equal to 20 percent; the valve plate has various properties of conventional valve plate steel and a damping function.
The valve plate made of the composite steel material can effectively prolong the service life of compressors such as air conditioners, refrigerators and cold chain refrigeration systems, reduce failure rate, reduce vibration and noise levels and improve comfort level; the reliability of the air compressor for the brake systems of heavy trucks, high-speed rails and the like can be effectively improved, and the safety performance is improved. Meanwhile, the method has a wide application prospect in some occasions needing vibration reduction and noise reduction.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the composite steel for the valve plate, which comprises the following steps:
A. selecting a steel plate blank meeting the composition requirements of the high-strength martensitic stainless steel;
B. compounding the high-strength martensitic stainless steel and a damping material into a blank, wherein the high-strength martensitic stainless steel is symmetrically compounded on two sides of the damping material to obtain a composite blank:
preferably, in the step B, the interface to be compounded is processed to be flat and smooth by a milling and grinding method before compounding, the metal color is completely exposed, then the cleaning is carried out by acetone or alcohol, and the side surface of the compounded composite blank is sealed by a welding method.
Therefore, the composite interface can be better ensured not to be oxidized due to air entering during subsequent heating.
C. And (3) hot rolling the composite blank into a coiled strip: heating the composite blank to 1150-1230 ℃, then preserving heat until the internal and external temperatures of the composite blank are uniform, and then rolling the composite blank into a hot rolled steel coil by using hot rolling equipment to obtain a composite steel coil; the reduction rate of hot rolling is more than 4:1;
namely, if the thickness after hot rolling is 4mm, the thickness of the composite blank before hot rolling is not less than 16mm, the steel strip after hot rolling is a composite steel coil, and the composite interface is metallurgical bonding and does not crack.
Preferably, in the step C, the composite blank is heated to 1150-1230 ℃ by using an electric furnace or an atmosphere furnace.
Preferably, in the step C, the heating rate of the composite blank is 3-5 ℃/min.
D. C, performing spheroidizing annealing on the composite steel coil obtained by hot rolling in the step C, wherein the spheroidizing annealing temperature is 800-850 ℃;
the spheroidizing annealed steel strip is soft and has good plasticity, so that the subsequent processing is convenient.
E. D, pickling the composite steel coil annealed in the step D;
preferably, in step E, the pickling process is performed with a high strength martensitic stainless steel.
The steel strip thus pickled has no scale on its surface and can be cold-rolled.
F. E, cold-rolling the compound steel coil after acid washing in the step E into a steel strip for a proper valve plate;
preferably, the coil after hot rolling annealing and acid washing is cold rolled to a proper thickness, namely, between the step C and the step F, or the step F is repeated and at least one (one or more) intermediate annealing is carried out between the repeated steps F, and the temperature of the intermediate annealing is 750-800 ℃.
Preferably, in step F, the thickness of the steel strip is 0.15mm to 1.20mm.
G. F, trimming the steel strip subjected to the cold rolling to obtain a steel strip for the valve plate;
and (3) trimming the cold-rolled steel strip, and removing welding materials welded at the edge part during the composite blank, so that the rest materials are all composite materials. This step may be omitted as desired in practical applications.
H. And D, carrying out heat treatment on the valve plate trimmed in the step G by using a steel belt to obtain the composite steel for the valve plate, wherein the heating temperature is 1030-1080 ℃.
The other production processes of the composite steel for the valve plate can refer to the heat treatment process of the conventional valve plate steel.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
the composite steel for the valve plate is compounded by common high-strength martensitic stainless steel and damping materials, and the high-strength martensitic stainless steel is arranged on two sides of the composite steel, so that the composite steel has the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high wear resistance, high fatigue and high corrosion resistance; the damping material is arranged in the center, so that the damping material has good damping performance and extension performance, and after the two materials are compounded, the tensile strength of the composite steel for the valve plate with the damping function reaches 1720-1880 MPa after heat treatment; the elongation is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the specific damping S.D.C value is more than or equal to 20 percent; the valve plate has various properties of the conventional valve plate steel and has a damping function.
The valve plate made of the composite steel material can effectively prolong the service life of compressors such as air conditioners, refrigerators and cold chain refrigeration systems, reduce failure rate, reduce vibration and noise levels and improve comfort level; the reliability of the air compressor for the brake systems of heavy trucks, high-speed trains and the like can be effectively improved, and the safety performance is improved. Meanwhile, the method has a wide application prospect in some occasions where vibration and noise reduction is needed.
In the composite steel for the valve plate of the invention,
1) The three-layer structure is adopted, high-strength martensitic stainless steel is symmetrically distributed on two sides, and a damping material is arranged in the center. The valve plate steel comprises the following chemical components in percentage by weight: c:0.40 to 0.55%, si: less than or equal to 0.60 percent, mn: less than or equal to 0.80 percent, S: not more than 0.005, not more than 0.025, cr:12.5 to 14.0%, mo: less than or equal to 1.50 percent, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities. The carbon content of the martensitic stainless steel is higher than that of common valve plate steel, so that the tensile strength of the material with the components after heat treatment is also higher than that of the conventional valve plate steel, the tensile strength can reach more than or equal to 2000MPa, and the elongation can still be kept more than or equal to 3 percent. The high tensile strength can make up the influence of the damping material with low strength in the center on the reduction of the tensile strength.
2) The center of the three-layer structure adopts damping material, the center of the thickness is added with Fe-13% Cr alloy with the proportion of 10-15%, and the tensile strength of the material reaches 426MPa; the elongation is 28 percent, and the Bidamping S.D.C. value is more than or equal to 80 percent. The material has low tensile strength and high elongation, and the addition of the material can obviously reduce the strength and increase the elongation of the material after compounding, so the proportion of the material in the compound layer is strictly regulated. When the proportion is designed to be 10-15%, the strength of the composite material can reach 1720-1880 MPa, the elongation is more than or equal to 5%, and the specific damping S.D.C. value is more than or equal to 20%. If the proportion of the damping material is too high, the strength is insufficient; if the proportion of the damping material is too low, the elongation is insufficient and the specific damping value is less than 20%.
3) And (3) hot rolling the three-layer structure composite blank into a coiled strip according to a hot rolling process, wherein the heating temperature is 1150-1230 ℃. The high carbon martensitic stainless steel has a fully austenitic structure in the range of 1150 to 1230 ℃ and the Fe-13% by weight Cr alloy has a fully ferritic structure at this temperature, since the solid solubility of carbon in ferrite is very low and the solid solubility in austenite is relatively high, so that carbide remains in austenite, thus relatively maintaining the independence of the two materials at high temperature. Both materials have good hot workability in the temperature range of 1150-1230 ℃, and the combined blank still has good workability. In addition, the three-layer symmetrical structure also causes the material to be deformed unevenly in the processing.
4) When spheroidizing annealing is carried out, the spheroidizing annealing temperature is 800-850 ℃. After annealing, the structure of the high-carbon martensitic stainless steel is converted into ferrite and spherical carbide; while the Fe-13% by weight Cr alloy remains a fully ferritic structure after annealing at this temperature. Thus, the material is softened and is convenient for cold rolling processing.
5) At least one (one or more) intermediate annealing is carried out between the steps C and F after the steel strip is cold-rolled from the coil after the hot-rolling annealing and the acid-washing to a proper thickness, and the temperature of the intermediate annealing is 750-800 ℃. At the temperature, the annealing material only generates recovery recrystallization and does not generate phase change, so that the material structure is uniform and fine.
6) And (3) carrying out heat treatment on the cold-rolled composite valve plate according to a conventional valve plate steel heat treatment process, wherein the heating temperature is 1030-1080 ℃. The structure of the high-strength martensitic stainless steel can be fully austenitized at the heating temperature, so that the material has enough strength after heat treatment; and meanwhile, the uniform and fine crystal grains are ensured, so that the material has good toughness after heat treatment.
The manufacturing method has simple process and simple and convenient operation, and saves manpower and equipment cost.
Table 1 shows the damping characteristics and mechanical properties at room temperature of the conventional stainless steel and the composite steel metal material for valve plates of the present invention:
TABLE 1 damping characteristics and mechanical Properties of metallic materials at Room temperature
Figure BDA0003714347340000071
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional structure of the composite steel for valve plates according to the present invention.
Wherein, 1 is high-strength martensitic stainless steel, and 2 is damping material.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention, the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with specific examples, which should not be construed as limiting the present patent.
The test methods or test methods described in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the reagents and materials, unless otherwise indicated, are conventionally obtained commercially or prepared by conventional methods.
The composite steel for the valve plate is of a three-layer structure, wherein the surfaces of two sides are made of high-strength martensitic stainless steel, and the middle is made of damping material;
preferably, the high-strength martensitic stainless steel is symmetrically distributed on both side surfaces of the damping material.
The high-strength martensitic stainless steel has a composition containing, in mass%,
C：0.40～0.55％、
Si：≤0.60％、
Mn：≤0.80％、
S：≤0.005、
P：≤0.025、
Cr：12.5～14.0％、
Mo：≤1.50％，
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
the damping material is Fe-13% Cr alloy.
Preferably, the damping material accounts for 10-15% of the thickness of the composite steel (composite material) for the valve plate.
The invention also provides a manufacturing method of the composite steel for the valve plate, which comprises the following steps:
A. selecting a steel plate blank meeting the composition requirements of the high-strength martensitic stainless steel;
B. compounding the high-strength martensitic stainless steel and a damping material into a blank, wherein the high-strength martensitic stainless steel is symmetrically compounded on two sides of the damping material to obtain a composite blank:
preferably, in step B, the interface to be compounded is processed to be flat and smooth by milling and grinding before compounding, and the metal color is completely exposed, and then the composite blank is cleaned by acetone or alcohol, and the side surface of the compounded composite blank is sealed by welding.
C. And (3) hot rolling the composite blank into a coiled strip: heating the composite blank to 1150-1230 ℃, then preserving heat until the internal and external temperatures of the composite blank are uniform, and then rolling the composite blank into a hot rolled steel coil by using hot rolling equipment to obtain a composite steel coil; the reduction rate of hot rolling is more than 4:1;
preferably, in the step C, the composite blank is heated to 1150-1230 ℃ by using an electric furnace or an atmosphere furnace.
Preferably, in the step C, the heating rate of the composite blank is 3-5 ℃/min.
D. C, performing spheroidizing annealing on the composite steel coil obtained by hot rolling in the step C, wherein the spheroidizing annealing temperature is 800-850 ℃;
E. d, pickling the composite steel coil annealed in the step D;
preferably, in step E, the pickling process is performed with a high strength martensitic stainless steel.
F. E, cold-rolling the compound steel coil after acid washing in the step E into a steel strip for a proper valve plate;
preferably, at least one (one or more) intermediate annealing is performed from the coil cold rolled after the hot rolling annealing and the acid washing to an appropriate thickness, namely, between the step C and the step F, and the temperature of the intermediate annealing is 750-800 ℃.
Preferably, in step F, the thickness of the steel strip is 0.15mm to 1.20mm.
G. F, trimming the steel strip subjected to the cold rolling to obtain a steel strip for the valve plate;
H. and D, carrying out heat treatment on the valve plate trimmed in the step G by using a steel belt to obtain the composite steel for the valve plate, wherein the heating temperature is 1030-1080 ℃.
Example (b):
the main chemical components of the high-strength martensitic stainless steels in comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 5 are listed in table 2, wherein comparative example 1 and comparative example 2 are two high-strength martensitic stainless steels without damping material added thereto, and comparative example 1 is a stainless steel for a valve sheet which is relatively typical. The damping material is added in the comparative example 3 and the examples 1 to 5, namely the high-strength martensitic stainless steel and the damping material are combined into a blank, wherein the high-strength martensitic stainless steel is symmetrically arranged at two sides of the damping material and rolled into steel plates, and the thickness of the central damping material accounts for 10 to 15 percent of the thickness of the composite blank. The key production process parameters of comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 5 are listed in table 2, and the thickness ratio of the damping material in the composite steel is also listed.
The heating temperatures under typical heat treatment conditions of comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 5, as well as the mechanical properties and the s.d.c values of the heat-treated composite steels are listed in table 3, wherein the test methods for the s.d.c values refer to GB/T18258-2000. As shown in the table, the comparative example 1 is a typical stainless steel for valve plates, the tensile strength is 1820MPa and the elongation is 6.3 percent after heat treatment, the use requirement of the conventional valve plate can be completely met, but like other high-strength martensite, the damping effect is only about 5 percent, and the high-damping performance is not realized.
Also comparative example 2 is a high strength martensitic stainless steel with a higher carbon content than comparative example 1. Comparative example 2 has a higher tensile strength than comparative example 1 under the same conditions, but a slightly lower elongation, again without high damping properties. The material is used for combining with damping material to form composite steel, the high strength of the composite steel just compensates the low strength of the damping material, and the low elongation rate can be solved by the damping material.
Comparative example 3 is that the high-strength martensitic stainless steel in comparative example 1 is combined with damping material, and the tensile strength is lower than the requirement of more than or equal to 1720MPa of the valve plate requirement after the heat treatment according to the required process production; the elongation is increased to about 8% from about 6% of the conventional valve plate steel, so that the addition of the high-ductility damping material is favorable for increasing the elongation; the addition of the damping material brought the specific damping s.d.c. value of comparative example 3 to 23%, which is already a high damping material.
Examples 1 to 5 are all composite steels, high strength martensitic stainless steels were symmetrically distributed on both sides of the material, and the damping material Fe-13% Cr alloy was present in the middle, with a thickness ratio of 10 to 15%. The chemical components of the high-carbon martensitic stainless steel and the production process conditions of the composite steel are shown in tables 2 and 3. As can be seen from Table 3, the tensile strength of the clad steel manufactured according to the design requirements is 1720 to 1880MPa; the elongation is more than or equal to 5 percent, and the specific damping S.D.C value is more than or equal to 20 percent, thereby meeting the use requirement of valve plate steel and having the function of anti-vibration damping. The specific performance of the composite material can be changed along with the change of the carbon content and the change of the heat treatment process parameters, and the requirements can be met under the process conditions designed by the invention. Even if some properties tend to be out of specification during the process, the properties can be improved by adjusting the heat treatment process. Therefore, the composite steel can completely meet the requirements of mechanical property and vibration resistance and damping of the valve plate.
Table 2 main chemical components and key process parameters of high strength martensitic stainless steels in comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 5
Figure BDA0003714347340000101
Figure BDA0003714347340000111
Table 3 heating temperatures under typical heat treatment conditions of comparative examples 1 to 3 and examples 1 to 5, and mechanical properties and s.d.c. values of composite steels after heat treatment
Trade mark Heating temperature (. Degree.C.) for Heat treatment Tensile Strength Rm (MPa) Elongation A (%) S.d.c value (%)
Comparative example 1 1030 1820 6.3 5
Comparative example 2 1030 2015 4.8 4
Comparative example 3 1030 1670 8.2 23
Example 1 1030 1840 7.8 26
Example 2 1030 1845 5.6 23
Example 3 1080 1770 7.9 36
Example 4 1030 1845 5.8 30
Example 5 1030 1852 6.1 31
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that the above preferred embodiment should not be considered as limiting the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention should be subject to the scope defined by the claims. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and adaptations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and should be considered to be within the scope of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. The composite steel for the valve plate is of a three-layer structure, wherein the surfaces of two sides are made of high-strength martensitic stainless steel, and the middle is made of damping material;
the high-strength martensitic stainless steel has a composition containing, in mass%,
C：0.40～0.55％、
Si：≤0.60％、
Mn：≤0.80％、
S：≤0.005、
P：≤0.025、
Cr：12.5～14.0％、
Mo：≤1.50％，
the balance of Fe and inevitable impurity elements;
the damping material is Fe-13% Cr alloy;
the thickness proportion of the damping material in the composite steel (composite material) for the valve plate is 10-15%.
2. The composite steel for valve sheet according to claim 1, wherein the high strength martensitic stainless steel is symmetrically distributed on both side surfaces of the damping material.
3. A method for manufacturing a clad steel for a valve sheet according to claim 1,
A. selecting a steel plate blank meeting the composition requirements of the high-strength martensitic stainless steel;
B. compounding the high-strength martensitic stainless steel and a damping material into a blank, wherein the high-strength martensitic stainless steel is symmetrically compounded on two sides of the damping material to obtain a composite blank:
C. and (3) hot rolling the composite blank into a coiled strip: heating the composite blank to 1150-1230 ℃, then preserving heat until the internal and external temperatures of the composite blank are uniform, and then rolling the composite blank into a hot rolled steel coil by using hot rolling equipment to obtain a composite steel coil; the reduction rate of hot rolling is more than 4:1;
D. c, performing spheroidizing annealing on the composite steel coil obtained by hot rolling in the step C, wherein the spheroidizing annealing temperature is 800-850 ℃;
E. d, pickling the composite steel coil annealed in the step D;
F. e, cold-rolling the compound steel coil after acid washing in the step E into a steel strip for a proper valve plate;
G. f, trimming the steel strip subjected to the cold rolling to obtain a steel strip for the valve plate;
and D, carrying out heat treatment on the valve plate trimmed in the step G by using a steel belt to obtain the composite steel for the valve plate, wherein the heating temperature is 1030-1080 ℃.
4. The method for manufacturing the composite steel for the valve plate according to claim 3, wherein in the step B, the interface to be composited is processed to be flat and smooth by a milling and grinding method before compositing, the metal color is completely exposed, then the cleaning is carried out by acetone or alcohol, and the side surface of the composited composite blank is sealed by a welding method.
5. The method for manufacturing the composite steel for the valve plate according to claim 3, wherein in the step C, the composite blank is heated to 1150-1230 ℃ by using an electric furnace or an atmosphere furnace.
6. The method for manufacturing the composite steel for the valve sheet according to claim 3, wherein in the step C, the heating rate of the composite blank is 3-5 ℃/min.
7. The method of claim 3, wherein the pickling process is performed using a high strength martensitic stainless steel in step E.
8. The method for manufacturing composite steel for a valve sheet according to claim 3, wherein at least one (one or more) intermediate annealing is performed between the step C and the step F after the hot rolling annealing and the acid washing, and the temperature of the intermediate annealing is 750 to 800 ℃.
9. The method for manufacturing the composite steel for the valve plate according to claim 3, wherein in the step F, the thickness of the steel strip is 0.15mm to 1.20mm.
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CN111319321A (en) * 2020-02-29 2020-06-23 上海材料研究所 Layered composite damping steel plate with enhanced low-cycle fatigue performance and manufacturing method thereof
WO2021259278A1 (en) * 2020-06-24 2021-12-30 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 Multi-layer composite cold-rolled steel plate and manufacturing method therefor
CN114196875A (en) * 2021-09-25 2022-03-18 浙江吉森金属科技有限公司 Stainless steel for valve plate and heat treatment method thereof

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101505906A (en) * 2006-07-27 2009-08-12 国立大学法人东京大学 Multilayer steel and method for producing multilayer steel
US20110259483A1 (en) * 2008-12-24 2011-10-27 Posco Fine Spheroidized Steel Sheet with Excellent Heat Treatment Characteristic and Method for Manufacturing the Same
CN105483701A (en) * 2015-12-10 2016-04-13 西南交通大学 Method and equipment for preparing multi-layer composite material and structural damping composite material
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