CN115350288A - 聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN115350288A
CN115350288A CN202210884325.5A CN202210884325A CN115350288A CN 115350288 A CN115350288 A CN 115350288A CN 202210884325 A CN202210884325 A CN 202210884325A CN 115350288 A CN115350288 A CN 115350288A
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孙欢利
刘静怡
曲若冰
钟志远
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种聚合物囊泡稳定的药物‑碘油乳液及其制备方法与应用,以实现原位肝细胞癌的安全高效经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)治疗。本发明的药物‑碘油乳液体系具有以下优点:制备简单,尺寸方便可调,稳定性优异,药物释放速率近似零级、持续可控,经动脉栓塞后,血药浓度较低,且在肝脏部位的滞留时间和滞留量均优于临床使用的游离药物‑碘油乳液,可完全根除肿瘤,有效抑制血管生成并减少不良反应。总的来说,该聚合物囊泡稳定的药物‑碘油乳液兼具高稳定性及药物持续可控释放等优势,可望大幅改善肝细胞癌的栓塞化疗效果,提供一种安全高效的TACE策略。

Description

聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于纳米药物技术领域,具体涉及一种聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液及其制备方法与应用。尤其涉及一种聚合物囊泡稳定的阿霉素-碘油微乳液及其制备方法,可在肝细胞癌经动脉化疗栓塞治疗中应用。
背景技术
肝细胞癌(HCC)确诊时多处于中晚期,死亡率与发病率之比高达0.91,严重危害着人类的健康。经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)是中晚期HCC患者的标准和一线治疗方案,其一方面可以阻断HCC动脉供血,诱导肿瘤坏死,另一方面可以进行局部化疗。以碘化罂粟籽油(Lipiodol)为基础的配方因其在HCC中沉积良好、远端肿瘤血管栓塞有效、正常肝脏代谢快而成为TACE最受欢迎的技术。以碘油为基础的TACE通常经动脉给予化疗药物(如阿霉素盐酸盐,DOX)与碘油的粗乳液,发挥了一定的抗HCC作用,延长了患者的生存时间。但需要注意的是,药物-碘油乳液物理稳定性较差,相分离快,大大降低了肿瘤处的滞留,加速了药物向血液循环的释放,导致临床疗效不佳,全身毒性严重。现有技术将药物溶解于低沸点溶剂中,获得药物溶液,然后制备得到药物纳米颗粒,将药物纳米颗粒与碘油注射液混合后,水浴超声分散,即得化疗药物纳米颗粒-碘油超稳定均相化疗栓塞剂,可存放三周。现有技术公开了在快速搅拌下利用高压将碘油注射液和药物分子溶解并且充分混合,在减压以后小分子药物分散在碘油中,制备得到混合均匀的药物-碘油溶剂,放置两周无明显沉降。但是,现有方法制备的化疗药物纳米颗粒-碘油涉及高压等不安全操作,而且产品稳定性还有待提升,在不到一个月的放置期都会出现沉降。因此,如何获得高稳定性的药物-碘油乳液,实现药物的持续可控释放,是实现HCC高效TACE治疗的关键。
发明内容
本发明的目的是公开高稳定性且药物释放持续可控的聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液及其制备方法与应用,具体为一种双硫交联聚合物囊泡稳定的阿霉素-碘油乳液及其制备方法与应用;采用简单的方法,得到的产品具有至少60天不沉降的稳定性,此未预料得到。
为达到上述发明目的,本发明采用如下技术方案:
一种聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液,包括聚合物囊泡纳米药物、碘油;所述聚合物囊泡纳米药物包括两亲性嵌段聚合物、小分子药物。
本发明中,两亲性嵌段聚合物为现有聚合物,具有如下化学结构式:
Figure 866661DEST_PATH_IMAGE001
两亲性嵌段聚合物表示为PEG-P(TMC-DTC),与结构式单元对应,x、y表示重复单元;所述两亲性嵌段聚合物中,PEG的分子量为2000~8000 Da;P(TMC-DTC)的分子量为PEG分子量的2.0~6.0倍;PDTC的分子量为P(TMC-DTC)分子量的10%~30%。其中,P(TMC-DTC)为如下结构:
Figure 79336DEST_PATH_IMAGE002
PDTC链段为y链段单元。
本发明中,所述小分子药物为阿霉素盐酸盐、表阿霉素盐酸盐、美登素,优选为阿霉素盐酸盐(DOX);所述碘油市面上已公开出售,为药物-碘油乳液的常规原料。本发明的聚合物囊泡阿霉素纳米药物,由两亲性嵌段聚合物自组装并交联得到,其外壳为聚乙二醇(PEG),膜层为可逆交联的疏水聚碳酸酯,通过亲疏水作用实现DOX的高效稳定装载。
上述聚合物囊泡稳定的阿霉素-碘油乳液的制备方法为,两亲性嵌段聚合物、小分子药物组装形成聚合物囊泡纳米药物,然后与碘油混合形成所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液;具体的,聚合物囊泡纳米药物分散在缓冲液中形成聚合物囊泡纳米药物溶液,然后与碘油混合形成所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液。优选的,聚合物囊泡纳米药物溶液与碘油的体积比1:(1~5),优选1:(2~4);聚合物囊泡纳米药物溶液的浓度为6~18 mg/mL。
聚合物囊泡纳米药物溶液与碘油通过三通混合形成所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液,其中乳液的液滴尺寸为10~70 μm,药物释放接近零级速率。
本发明公开了上述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用,优选抗肿瘤药物为抗肝癌药物,具体为经动脉化疗栓塞抗肝癌药物。具体的,上述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液在制备肝细胞癌经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)中的应用。本发明聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液在作为肝细胞癌经动脉化疗栓塞中的应用时,所述乳液可以阻断肝细胞癌的血供,同时局部释放聚合物囊泡纳米药物和小分子抗癌药物,通过双重作用发挥效果。
本发明公开了上述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液在提高药物-碘油乳液稳定性中的应用。
本发明的聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液由聚合物囊泡、药物与碘油组成,囊泡由聚合物组装交联得到。本发明聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液的制备方法可以如下:
(1)以PEG-P(TMC-DTC)为原料,通过pH梯度法制备负载小分子药物的双硫交联聚合物囊泡,即聚合物囊泡纳米药物;
(2)将上述聚合物囊泡纳米药物与碘油混合,制备得到聚合物囊泡稳定的阿霉素-碘油乳液。
具体的:将PEG-P(TMC-DTC)的DMF溶液在40 ºC下加入到缓冲液中,混合均匀后,加入Na2HPO4溶液将其pH调整至7~8,然后加入小分子药物溶液(优选为水溶液),过夜孵育后,透析,制备得到聚合物囊泡纳米药物。然后采用三通阀将聚合物囊泡纳米药物与碘油按照体积比1:3充分混合,可简单制备得到聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液。
本发明中的聚合物囊泡为还原敏感可逆交联且生物可降解的聚合物囊泡;所述聚合物为PEG-P(TMC-DTC),其中疏水嵌段的TMC与DTC呈无规排列。囊泡膜为可逆交联、生物可降解且相容性好的PTMC,侧链的二硫戊环结构类似人体天然的抗氧化剂硫辛酸,可自发形成还原敏感的可逆交联,不但在血液中具有高稳定性,还可实现细胞内快速解交联,快速释放药物到靶细胞内。
本发明公开了上述聚合物囊泡稳定的阿霉素-碘油乳液在肝细胞癌经动脉化疗栓塞中的应用。
与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下优点:
1. 本发明公开的聚合物囊泡稳定的阿霉素-碘油乳液稳定性高且药物释放持续可控,有效克服了现有药物-碘油乳液物理稳定性差、药物快速释放等缺陷。
2. 本发明公开的聚合物囊泡稳定的阿霉素-碘油乳液在肝脏部位的滞留时间长、全身药物暴露少、安全性好,优于临床使用的游离阿霉素-碘油乳液。
3. 本发明公开的聚合物囊泡稳定的阿霉素-碘油乳液具有显著的抗肝细胞癌效果,在大鼠原位肝细胞癌模型中经动脉给予Ps-DOX/L乳液可以完全根治肿瘤,有效抑制新生血管生成,且无不良反应发生。
4. 本发明的聚合物囊泡稳定的阿霉素-碘油乳液具有许多优点,包括制备简单、可注射性好、稳定性高、药物释放持续可控、肿瘤部位滞留时间长、全身药物暴露少、肿瘤生长抑制效果显著、安全性好等。因此,该聚合物囊泡稳定的阿霉素-碘油乳液有望为中晚期肝细胞癌提供一种新型的经动脉化疗栓塞方案。
附图说明
图1为(A)实施例一中纳米药物Ps-DOX和(B)实施例二中纳米药物ncPs-DOX的粒径分布图。
图2为实施例三中不同Ps浓度下制备的Ps-DOX/L乳液的静置稳定性和微观形态,比例尺为50 µm。
图3为实施例三中Ps-DOX/L和free DOX/L乳液(A)在25 ºC存储60天期间的静置稳定性和(B)离心稳定性。
图4为实施例三中Ps-DOX/L和free DOX/L乳液的CLSM图片,比例尺为50 µm。
图5为实施例三中ncPs-DOX/L、Ps+DOX/L和ncPs+DOX/L乳液在相同Ps和DOX浓度下的静置稳定性和微观显微镜图像,比例尺为50 µm。
图6为实施例三中Ps-DOX/L乳液和碘油的粘度与剪切速率的关系。
图7为实施例四中Ps-DOX/L和free DOX/L乳液的体外DOX释放情况(n = 3)。
图8为实施例五中Ps-DOX和Ps-DOX/L的体外抗HCC活性(n = 4)。(A)大鼠N1S1,(B)小鼠H22,(C)小鼠Hepa 1-6,(D)人HepG2和(E)人SMMC-7721 HCC细胞与Ps-DOX或游离DOX孵育48 h后的细胞存活率。(F)大鼠N1S1细胞与Ps-DOX/L乳液、空白Ps/L乳液和Ps孵育72 h后的存活率
图9为实施例七中经动脉栓塞Ps-DOX/L和free DOX/L后血浆中的DOX浓度。
图10为实施例八中经动脉栓塞Ps-DOX/L和free DOX/L后的(A)离体DOX荧光成像,(B)栓塞后24和72 h主要器官的DOX含量。
图11为实施例九中Ps-DOX/L乳液在荷原位N1S1 HCC大鼠中的TACE治疗效果(n =5)。未治疗组(n = 4)、碘油和free DOX/L乳液作为对照组(DOX:500 μg/只;碘油:0.2 mg/kg)。(A)模型构建及治疗流程图,不同治疗组大鼠的(B)MRI成像图,(C)肿瘤体积变化和(D)体重变化。
图12为谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)变化。
图13为实施例九中不同治疗组大鼠(A)第7天肿瘤切片的组织学和TUNEL分析。红色圆圈表示液泡碘油沉积。比例尺为50 μm。
图14为实施例九中(A)不同治疗组大鼠第7天肿瘤切片的IHC分析。比例尺为50 μm。(B)VEGF和(C)CD31表达的定量分析。
具体实施方式
作为示例,本发明以阿霉素、两亲性嵌段聚合物、碘油为原料,将所述两亲性嵌段聚合物自组装并负载药物形成聚合物囊泡阿霉素纳米药物,然后与碘油充分混合,制备聚合物囊泡稳定的阿霉素-碘油乳液。本发明通过负载DOX的双硫交联生物可降解聚合物囊泡(Ps-DOX)与碘油形成了均匀、高稳定性的油包水(W/O)微乳液(Ps-DOX/L),促进了DOX在肝脏的高效及长时间滞留,从而完全消除了大鼠原位N1S1 HCC。
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述,涉及的原料都是现有产品,具体制备操作以及测试都为常规技术,比如载药囊泡、空囊泡的制备操作为现有技术。以下实施例中,两亲性嵌段聚合物为PEG5k-P(TMC15k-DTC2k);阿霉素盐酸盐(DOX,99%)和碘油(罂粟乙碘油注射液,优力影)均为市售原料。
实施例一 包载DOX的双硫交联聚合物囊泡(Ps-DOX)的制备
基于PEG-P(TMC-DTC)共聚物制备双硫交联的聚合物囊泡,通过pH梯度法装载DOX即得到Ps-DOX。简而言之,将5 mL PEG-P(TMC-DTC)的DMF溶液(40 mg/mL),在40 ºC下加入至45 mL的柠檬酸缓冲液(pH 4.0,10 mM)中,于400 rpm搅拌2 min后,加入Na2HPO4溶液将其pH调整至7.6,然后加入5 mL DOX的水溶液(10 mg/mL),在100 rpm和37 ºC的摇床中孵育12h后,用磷酸缓冲液(PB,pH 7.4,10 mM)透析(MWCO:3500 Da)6 h,制备得到Ps-DOX。通过DLS测得平均粒径为58 nm,粒径分布为0.11;通过紫外可见光谱测得DOX的包封率为78.0%,载药量为15.5wt.%。附图1A为Ps-DOX的粒径分布图。
实施例二 包载DOX的非交联聚合物囊泡(ncPs-DOX)的制备
基于PEG-PTMC共聚物制备非交联的聚合物囊泡,通过pH梯度法装载DOX即得到ncPs-DOX。简而言之,将5 mL PEG-PTMC的DMF溶液(40 mg/mL),在40 ºC下加入至45 mL的柠檬酸缓冲液(pH 4.0,10 mM)中,于400 rpm搅拌2 min后,加入Na2HPO4溶液将其pH调整至7.6,然后加入5 mL DOX的水溶液(10 mg/mL),在100 rpm和37 ºC的摇床中孵育12 h后,用磷酸缓冲液(PB,pH 7.4,10 mM)透析(MWCO:3500 Da)6 h,制备得到ncPs-DOX。通过DLS测得平均粒径为56 nm,粒径分布为0.15;通过紫外可见光谱测得DOX的包封率为71.5%,载药量为14.3 wt.%。附图1B为ncPs-DOX的粒径分布图。
实施例三 Ps-DOX/L和ncPs-DOX/L乳液的制备与表征
将碘油与不同的DOX制剂在油水比为3:1的情况下,通过三通阀混合,形成不同的乳液,其中碘油为油相,不同DOX制剂的PB溶液为水相。将Ps浓度为6、12、18 mg/mL的Ps-DOX(对应的DOX浓度分别为1.1、2.2、3.3 mg/mL)与碘油混合,形成不同Ps和DOX含量的Ps-DOX/L乳液。类似地,将ncPs-DOX(Ps:12 mg/mL)和DOX溶液(2.2 mg/mL)分别与碘油混合,制备得到ncPs-DOX/L和free DOX/L乳液。将空囊泡(Ps或ncPs:12 mg/mL)与DOX溶液(2.2 mg/mL)的混合液与碘油混合,得到Ps+DOX/L或ncPs+DOX/L乳液。采用荧光显微镜或共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(CLSM)观察不同乳液的形态和结构。Ps-DOX/L和free DOX/L乳液的物理稳定性通过在25 ºC下离心(12000 rpm,2 min)或存放60天进行观察,以上涉及DOX的实验均在黑暗的环境下进行。
附图2为不同Ps浓度下制备的Ps-DOX/L乳液的静置稳定性和微观形态。随着Ps浓度从6增加至12和18 mg/mL,Ps-DOX/L微乳液液滴的平均粒径从44 ± 23减小至33 ± 8和14 ± 4 μm,表明Ps具有良好的乳化效果。在以下实施例中均使用尺寸为33 ± 8 μm,即采用Ps浓度为12 mg/mL的Ps-DOX制备的Ps-DOX/L微乳液。
附图3A表明Ps-DOX/L微乳液在25 ºC下存储60天期间依然稳定,未出现相分离或沉淀的情况,而free DOX/L乳液在5 min内迅速分离成两层。此外,Ps-DOX/L微乳液在12000rpm离心2 min后仍保持均匀稳定分散(附图3B)。现有技术曾公开包载DOX的PLGA纳米粒子分散在碘油中,从图片上看1天后已不是均相,即使采用复杂的方法先制备DOX纳米粒再分散在碘油中,也在不到30天的时间内出现沉淀,而本发明意外的在25 ºC下存储60天依然稳定(实际超出60天,在本发明申请日依然未见相分离或沉淀),尤其是在12000 rpm离心2min后仍保持均匀稳定分散,该预料不到的技术效果超出人们想象。
随后,通过CLSM进一步观察了Ps-DOX/L和free DOX/L乳液的结构和形貌。如附图4所示,Ps-DOX/L微乳液呈典型的W/O结构,球形液滴均匀分散在碘油中,且DOX均匀分布于液滴中。相反,free DOX/L乳液中则呈现出大而不规则的液滴。
在Ps和DOX浓度相同的情况下制备了ncPs-DOX/L、Ps+DOX/L和ncPs+DOX/L乳液进行比较。附图5表明,ncPs-DOX/L、Ps+DOX/L和ncPs+DOX/L乳液相比free DOX/L更稳定,但在5天内均发生相分离,这说明双硫交联聚合物囊泡和DOX的稳定包载均是形成稳定的DOX-碘油微乳液的关键。
采用旋转流变仪测定Ps-DOX/L乳液和碘油在37 ºC下的粘度,剪切速率范围为0.1到1000 s-1。流变结果表明,当剪切速率从0增加到1000 s-1时,碘油表现为典型的牛顿流体,粘度变化不明显。而Ps-DOX/L乳液则表现出典型的非牛顿剪切变稀的特性,当剪切速率增加到400 s-1时,其粘度下降到与碘油相当,说明其具有良好的可注射性(附图6)。
实施例四 Ps-DOX/L和free DOX/L乳液的体外DOX释放实验
为了研究Ps-DOX/L和free DOX/L乳液的DOX释放情况,将0.1 mL新制备的Ps-DOX/L或free DOX/L乳液(DOX:2 mg/mL)装入分子量为12000 Da的药物释放袋中,并置于5 mLPB中于37 ºC进行释放。在预定的时间点,取出1 mL释放液,然后立即补充1 mL新鲜的释放介质。样品中的DOX含量用荧光光谱仪测量,结果以三次重复研究的平均值±标准偏差(SD)表示。体外药物释放研究表明,Ps-DOX/L微乳液无暴释,15天内的DOX释放行为接近零级释放,该释放行为对栓塞药物有利,既充分发挥了栓塞的作用,又避免了药物随血液游走。而free DOX/L乳液的药物释放速度较快,存在暴释行为,2 h内释放了约17%的DOX(附图7)。
实施例五 Ps-DOX及Ps-DOX/L乳液的体外细胞毒性实验
采用大鼠N1S1细胞、人HepG2和SMMC-7721细胞、小鼠H22和Hepa 1-6细胞5种不同的HCC细胞系评价Ps-DOX和游离DOX的体外抗HCC活性。N1S1、HepG2和Hepa 1-6细胞用DMEM培养基培养,SMMC-7721和H22细胞用RPMI-1640培养基培养。所有培养基中均添加有10%FBS和1%的青霉素/链霉素(100 IU/mL)。将80 μL细胞铺于96孔板(5×103 个/孔)培养24h,然后加入20 μL Ps-DOX或游离DOX的PBS溶液,于37 ºC孵育48 h,其中DOX的孔内浓度为0.001~20 μg/mL。随后,在悬浮细胞(N1S1、H22、Hepa 1-6)中加入10 µL CCK-8溶液继续孵育4 h,用酶标仪测定450 nm的吸光度。对于贴壁细胞(HepG2、SMMC-7721)而言,每孔加入10µL MTT的PBS溶液(5 mg/mL)孵育4 h,然后小心地移除培养基,加入150 µL DMSO以溶解生成的甲瓒结晶,并测量每孔在570 nm的吸光度。通过比较实验组细胞与仅用PBS培养的细胞的吸光度,可计算得到细胞存活率。
结果显示,Ps-DOX在大鼠N1S1 HCC细胞中的抗HCC活性是游离DOX的13.4倍之高(附图8A)。在小鼠H22和Hepa 1-6 HCC细胞以及人HepG2和SMMC-7721 HCC细胞中,Ps-DOX的抗HCC活性与游离DOX相比也提高了2.3-6.5倍(附图8B-E和表1),Ps-DOX抗HCC活性的提高证明Ps-DOX可以在肿瘤细胞内有效释放DOX。
Figure 408686DEST_PATH_IMAGE003
采用大鼠N1S1细胞进一步研究Ps-DOX/L微乳液的抗HCC活性,以Ps/L乳液和空白Ps作为对照。由于乳液的粘度高,很难在96孔板中制备均匀的母液。因此,将0.45 mL细胞(2× 104个/孔)悬液铺于24孔板中,在细胞培养箱中孵育24 h后,向每孔加入不同剂量的乳液或Ps,并用新鲜培养基将每孔体积补充至0.5 mL。在37 ºC孵育72 h后,加入50 µL CCK-8溶液,孵育4 h,随后每孔取100 µL溶液转移至96孔板中,测定450 nm处的吸光度。实验平行进行四次,按上述方法计算细胞存活率。结果显示,Ps-DOX/L乳液的抗HCC活性呈现剂量依赖性,IC50为2.29 μg/mL,而Ps/L乳液和Ps均无细胞毒性(附图8F)。
实施例六 大鼠原位N1S1 HCC模型的构建
所有动物实验及操作均按照苏州大学实验动物中心和苏州大学动物护理和使用委员会批准的实验方案进行。所有动物研究均使用SD大鼠(350-380 g)。为了建立原位N1S1大鼠模型,在每只大鼠的肝左外叶注射75 μL的N1S1细胞悬液(6 × 106个)。通过3.0-T磁共振扫描仪进行磁共振成像(MRI)监测肿瘤的生长和大小。成像前5 min,每只大鼠通过尾静脉注射钆特酸葡胺盐注射液。所有大鼠均轻度麻醉,以获得稳定、准确的图像。根据轴向显像最大直径(L)、最小直径(S)和层数(N)计算肿瘤体积(V)如下:
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实施例七 Ps-DOX/L在原位N1S1 HCC大鼠体内栓塞后药代动力学研究
采用平均肿瘤体积约为400 mm3的N1S1原位HCC大鼠进行经导管栓塞手术,研究Ps-DOX/L和free DOX/L乳液在体内的药代动力学和生物分布。在药代动力学研究中,DOX剂量为500 μg/只,碘油剂量为0.2 mg/kg(n = 3)。在栓塞后0.05、0.08、0.17、0.33、0.67、1.5、3、5、9、12、24和48 h,通过眼眶取血并迅速离心(3000 rpm,15 min)。每个样品收集15μL血浆并加入700 μL DMSO,于避光条件下孵育24 h以提取DOX,离心后取上清液通过荧光测定血浆中的DOX浓度。采用梯形法计算曲线下面积(AUC0-48h)。附图9表明,栓塞free DOX/L乳液后,血浆中DOX的浓度快速达到2.74 ± 0.23 μg/mL,AUC0-48h为20.70 ± 1.10 μg·h/mL。相比之下,栓塞Ps-DOX/L乳液的大鼠血浆DOX浓度持续较低,5 min时浓度最高,为0.38± 0.06 μg/mL,AUC0-48h为9.51 ± 0.66 μg·h/mL,分别是free DOX/L组的7.2和2.2倍之低。这些结果均表明Ps-DOX/L乳液可显著减少DOX向血液循环的释放,减少药物的全身暴露,这对栓塞发挥作用及减少全身毒性有利。
实施例八 Ps-DOX/L乳液在原位N1S1 HCC大鼠中的生物分布
Ps-DOX/L或free DOX/L乳液在原位N1S1 HCC大鼠肝内的滞留情况以及分布到其它器官的情况通过离体成像进行观察。当肿瘤体积达到约400 mm3时,分别用Ps-DOX/L或free DOX/L乳液栓塞大鼠(n = 3),DOX剂量为200 μg/只,碘油剂量为0.2 mg/kg。在栓塞后24和72 h,牺牲大鼠收集主要器官,通过近红外荧光成像系统(IVIS Lumina II,激发波长488 nm,发射波长560 nm)进行DOX荧光成像。为了进一步测定各器官中DOX的含量,将不同器官用1 mL 1% Triton X-100均质化(IKA T25),然后加入4 mL DMSO,4 ºC孵育48 h后,8000 rpm离心10 min收集上清液,测定荧光。离体DOX荧光图像显示,在栓塞后24和72 h,Ps-DOX/L微乳液大多保留在肝脏中,尤其是接种肿瘤的左肝叶,呈现出明显的DOX荧光(附图10A)。而在free DOX/L治疗的大鼠中,肝脏的DOX荧光虽然在栓塞后24 h较强,但消退迅速,在72 h时无法检测到信号。此外,free DOX/L栓塞24 h后,心脏和肾脏也观察到明显的DOX荧光,这与free DOX/L乳液快速释放药物到血液中相一致。定量分析进一步证明了Ps-DOX/L微乳液显著提高了DOX在肝脏中的滞留,栓塞后72 h,其在肝脏中的滞留量比其它器官高3.6-14.2倍,比free DOX/L乳液高3.2倍(附图10B)。
实施例九 Ps-DOX/L微乳液在原位大鼠N1S1同源HCC模型中的疗效研究
以DOX剂量为500 µg/只,碘油剂量为0.2 mg/kg,评价Ps-DOX/L乳液在荷原位N1S1HCC大鼠体内的抗HCC疗效,采用free DOX/L乳液、碘油和未治疗组作为对照。当平均肿瘤体积达到400 mm3时,将荷瘤大鼠随机分为四组,麻醉后经胃十二指肠动脉置管给予不同制剂,并定义为第0天。其中PBS组5只大鼠,其它组每组6只大鼠,每组随机选取1只用于组织学和免疫组化(IHC)分析。在第0、3、7、14天,对各组大鼠进行MRI扫描,测量肿瘤大小(附图11A)。每隔一天称量大鼠体重,并与第0天的初始体重进行比较。结果表明,Ps-DOX/L乳液栓塞有效减小了肿瘤的大小,在第7天和第14天,分别有40%和100%大鼠的肿瘤完全根除。而free DOX/L乳液仅在一定程度上抑制肿瘤生长,碘油对肿瘤生长的抑制作用不明显。重要的是,在所有组中都没有观察到明显的毒性和体重减轻(附图11B-D)。
栓塞术后第3、7、14天,每组随机取3只大鼠眼眶采血,每只大鼠取1 mL,选取3只健康大鼠作为对照。在4 ºC沉淀过夜后,离心收集血清200 μL,通过生化分析仪检测肝相关血生化指标,包括谷草转氨酶(AST)和谷丙转氨酶(ALT)。附图12表明大鼠在栓塞free DOX/L后第3天,ALT和AST水平明显升高,第7天降至正常水平,说明肝功能有所损害。而Ps-DOX/L组在栓塞后第3~14天期间,ALT和AST水平持续较低,均在正常范围内,表明Ps-DOX/L乳液具有较高的安全性(附图12)。
第7天,每组随机处死1只大鼠,取其肿瘤及主要器官进行组织学及IHC分析。肿瘤及各器官样品立即用福尔马林固定,石蜡包埋,切成5 μm厚的切片,采用苏木精和伊红(H&E)染色。肿瘤切片用末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶介导的dUTP缺口末端标记(TUNEL)和4,6 -二氨基-2-苯基吲哚(DAPI)染色,以区分凋亡细胞。为分析肿瘤新生血管,肿瘤切片进一步用抗CD31兔pAb、抗VEGFA兔pAb和HRP标记的山羊抗兔IgG抗体标记CD31和血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)。采用倒置荧光显微镜(Olympus BX41)拍摄H&E、TUNEL和IHC图像。H&E染色的肿瘤切片显示,碘油、free DOX/L或Ps-DOX/L乳液栓塞的大鼠均有明显的空泡性碘油沉积(附图13),说明不同碘油剂型均可从肝动脉有效分布至肿瘤部位。Ps-DOX/L乳液导致显著的肿瘤坏死,细胞明显萎缩。TUNEL检测显示,在Ps-DOX/L乳液处理的大鼠中,肿瘤细胞有大量凋亡,而free DOX/L和碘油组的肿瘤细胞无明显凋亡(附图13)。
如附图14A、B所示,在经碘油和free DOX/L栓塞的大鼠肿瘤切片中,VEGF表达均显著上调,这与临床研究中的现象一致。相反,Ps-DOX/L组的VEGF水平显著低于碘油和freeDOX/L组。另外,与碘油和free DOX/L组相比,Ps-DOX/L组肿瘤切片中的CD31表达也显著下调(附图14A、C)。以上结果证明Ps-DOX/L不仅能诱导HCC的凋亡和坏死,而且能有效抑制血管生成。

Claims (10)

1.一种聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液,其特征在于,包括聚合物囊泡纳米药物、碘油;所述聚合物囊泡纳米药物包括两亲性嵌段聚合物、小分子药物。
2.根据权利要求1所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液,其特征在于,所述两亲性嵌段聚合物为PEG-P(TMC-DTC);所述小分子药物包括阿霉素盐酸盐、表阿霉素盐酸盐或美登素。
3.根据权利要求2所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液,其特征在于,所述两亲性嵌段聚合物中,PEG链段的分子量为2000~8000 Da;疏水链段分子量为PEG分子量的2.0~6.0倍;PDTC链段的分子量为疏水链段总分子量的10%~30%。
4.权利要求1所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,两亲性嵌段聚合物、小分子药物组装形成聚合物囊泡纳米药物,然后与碘油混合形成所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液。
5.根据权利要求4所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,聚合物囊泡纳米药物分散在缓冲液中,然后与碘油混合形成所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液。
6.根据权利要求4所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液的制备方法,其特征在于,所述乳液中,液滴尺寸为10~100 μm。
7.权利要求1所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液在制备抗肿瘤药物中的应用。
8.聚合物囊泡纳米药物、碘油在制备权利要求1所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液中的应用,其特征在于,所述聚合物囊泡纳米药物包括两亲性嵌段聚合物、小分子药物。
9.一种抗肿瘤药物,其活性成份为权利要求1所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液。
10.权利要求1所述聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液在提高药物-碘油乳液稳定性中的应用。
CN202210884325.5A 2022-07-26 2022-07-26 聚合物囊泡稳定的药物-碘油乳液及其制备方法与应用 Pending CN115350288A (zh)

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