CN105919935A - 索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105919935A CN105919935A CN201610257901.8A CN201610257901A CN105919935A CN 105919935 A CN105919935 A CN 105919935A CN 201610257901 A CN201610257901 A CN 201610257901A CN 105919935 A CN105919935 A CN 105919935A
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- sorafenib
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Abstract
本发明公开了索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂及其制备方法。所述的索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂,采用纳米沉淀法或/和高压均质法制备;以磷脂和吐温‑80为稳定剂。制备的索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂,生物相容性好、载药量高,粒径小,只需少量冻干保护剂的加入便可冻干,冻干产品重建性良好,制备的索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂,能改善药物的体内组织分布,显著增强药物在肝脏和肿瘤的分布;显著增强其抗肿瘤效果;制备条件温和,简单可控,具有广阔的开发前景。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂技术领域,具体涉及索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂及其制备方法。
背景技术
癌症是威胁人类健康和生命的重大疾病。肝癌是世界五大最常见的癌症之一,其死亡率在所有癌症中排第三,仅次于肺癌和胃癌。大多数晚期肝癌患者缺乏有效的系统性治疗措施,药物治疗在肝癌治疗中有着不可替代的作用。近年来,分子靶向药物在临床上取得显著的治疗效果,受到研究者的密切关注。
索拉非尼是一种新型二芳基脲类和口服多靶点分子靶向药物,它开创了肝癌系统治疗的里程碑。索拉非尼作为一种多靶点多激酶小分子抑制剂,可同时抑制多种激酶,具有双重抗肿瘤效应。一方面,它可以通过抑RAF/MEK/ERK信号传导通路,抑制肿瘤细胞的增殖,直接抑制肿瘤生长;另一方面,它又可通过抑制血管内皮生长因子、血小板衍生生长因子及其受体,而阻断肿瘤新生血管的形成,间接抑制肿瘤细胞的生长。在欧美以及亚太地区进行的国际多中心随机对照Ⅲ期临床试验显示,相比安慰剂组,索拉非尼组均明显延长患者的中位生存时间。因此索拉非尼被各大指南推荐用于晚期肝癌患者的一线标准用药。
索拉非尼溶解度差,疏水性极强。为提高其在水中的溶解度,临床将其制成甲苯磺酸盐,但水溶性仍较差,口服生物利用度低,不足10%,且饮食对其吸收影响明显。索拉非尼临床剂量大,不适用于吞咽困难的晚期肝癌患者;索拉非尼副作用明显,包括高血压、手足皮肤反应以及包括胃出血在内的胃肠道反应。现有的有关索拉非尼制剂的报道,载药量大多较低,因此,当前仍迫切需要提供一种替代性的索拉非尼药物产品,以满足安全高效的要求。
目前研究的索拉非尼纳米给药系统主要有以下几种:脂质类纳米载体(脂质体、固体脂质纳米粒、纳米脂质载体)、聚合物纳米粒和胶束。如专利CN104523607A公开了一种索拉非尼脂质体注射用冻干粉针剂及其制备方法,通过制备索拉非尼脂质体,提高索拉非尼在水溶液中的稳定性和溶解度,提高生物利用度;张洪等(索拉非尼半乳糖神经酰胺固体脂质纳米粒的研制,广东药学院学报,2013,29(5))公开了一种索拉非尼半乳糖神经酰胺固体脂质纳米粒,采用乳化蒸发-低温固化法制备S-GC-SLN,所制脂质纳米粒子为类球形实体,粒径为(186.6±2.6)nm,Zeta电位为(-46.1±2.9)mV,包封率为(83.47±1.54)%。但上述方式存在载药量低、药物易泄露、突释现象等问题。
纳米混悬剂是一种纯药物纳米颗粒的亚微细粒胶态分散体,借助于稳定剂对其进行稳定而得到的给药系统。纳米混悬剂具有许多优点:(1)理论上,纳米混悬剂是近乎纯药物的纳米粒,具有最大限度的载药量和药物传输效率,特别适合大剂量难溶性药物给药;(2)适用范围广,无论是难溶于水的药物,还是水、油都难溶的药物,都可利用一定的方法制得相应的纳米混悬剂;(3)纳米混悬剂处方组成简单、工艺简单、制备快速,且可通过相应技术实现工业化大生产;(4)纳米混悬剂经过干燥后所得粉末,可进一步制备成口服、注射、外用等不同的剂型,方便携带,提高病人顺应性。
纳米混悬剂是近年来发展起来的新型剂型,其稳定性问题一直是其应用及产业化的瓶颈。影响其物理稳定性的因素主要有剂型(混悬剂和固体剂型)、分散介质(水性介质和非水介质)、给药途径(口腔、吸入、静脉或其他)、生产技术(“自上而下”、“自下而上”)和药物自身性质(小分子或大分子)等。添加稳定剂是维持纳米混悬剂稳定的最常用方法,但稳定剂的选择很有挑战性,主要是因为:缺乏对纳米混悬剂内在相互作用基础的了解;稳定剂筛选过程复杂且会出现无效筛选的现象。如Lee等(Lee J,Choi JY,Park CH.Characteristics of polymersenabling nano-comminution of water-insoluble drugs[J].Int J Pharm,2008,355(1-2):328-336.)研究了7种稳定剂(5种非离子型稳定剂:PEG、Pluronic F68和F127、HPC和PVP K30,2种离子型稳定剂:SDS和苯乙胺)对11种药物(联苯双酯、伊曲康唑、紫杉醇、格列美脲、洋地黄毒苷、硝苯地平、氢化可的松、去氢氢化可的松、布洛芬、萘普生和硫辛酸)的作用,结果发现不同的稳定剂对于药物混悬剂的稳定性影响差异明显。
此外,纳米混悬剂由基础研究到临床应用,其生物利用度、药物安全性及有效性等方面的提高是否能够实现,也存在诸多困难。因此,针对索拉非尼,开发出物理及化学稳定性的纳米混悬剂,并提高药物的安全性、有效性以及实现靶向给药,仍是本领域技术人员面临的技术难题。
发明内容
针对现有技术中存在的问题,发明人通过试验研究,提供一种新型的索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂,所制备的索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂及其冻干制剂,实现了索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂的制备简单、高载药量、高稳定性,并可改善索拉非尼在体内的分布、增强抗癌疗效。本发明还提供了脂质纳米混悬剂及其冻干制剂的制备方法,具有操作简便、重现性好的优点,适合工业化大规模生产。
具体的,本发明涉及以下技术方案:
首先,本发明提供一种索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂,由索拉非尼药物、稳定剂及注射用水制备而成,其中,所述稳定剂为磷脂和吐温。
本发明所述的索拉非尼药物,包括索拉非尼或索拉非尼甲苯磺酸盐。本发明所述索拉非尼甲苯磺酸盐脂质纳米混悬剂的制备和性质与索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂相同。
索拉非尼(式Ⅰ)分子式为C21H16ClF3N4O3,相对分子质量为464.8;索拉非尼甲苯磺酸盐(式Ⅱ)分子式为C21H16ClF3N4O3·C7H8O3S,相对分子质量为637.0,两者结构式如下所示:
本发明采用的稳定剂为磷脂和吐温,优选的吐温为吐温80。在本发明的索拉非尼纳米混悬剂的稳定剂筛选过程中,发明人发现,虽然现有技术纳米混悬剂的水性介质中常用多种表面活性剂,但为特定药物(索拉非尼)配对合适的稳定剂没有具体的法则可循,稳定剂的选择仍很有挑战性主要是因为:影响该药物稳定性的因素很多,如药物表面能、溶解性、分子量、官能团、晶体结构以及药物性质等;缺乏对纳米混悬剂内在相互作用基础的了解;稳定剂筛选过程复杂且会出现无效筛选的现象。
尤其在本发明过程中,预试验证明,由于索拉非尼的强疏水性,单靠磷脂作为稳定剂,无法形成粒径较小、稳定性良好的脂质纳米混悬剂;因此发明人对于稳定剂进一步采用复配筛选,通过试验探索发现,以吐温-80为辅助稳定剂时,可形成稳定、粒径小且均匀的索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂(索拉非尼-LNS)。
磷脂是一种表面活性剂,其中卵磷脂为天然的两性离子表面活性剂,主要来自于大豆和蛋黄。磷脂安全无毒,可作为注射制剂的辅料使用。因此以磷脂作为主要稳定剂的脂质纳米混悬剂(lipid based nanosuspen-sions,LNS),可保证其安全性。
通过磷脂和吐温的使用,索拉非尼-LNS使药物粒子变小促进溶出,能解决与口服生物利用度低相关的问题,还可改变药物静脉注射的药物分布特征,实现有高效低毒的效果;药物呈固态可使其化学稳定;小粒子沉降慢,使其物理稳定。
本发明所述索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂,在确定药物和稳定剂后,可采用常规的纳米混悬剂的制备方法进行制备,包括但不限于高压匀质法、沉淀法等。
本发明所述索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂中,优选的,索拉非尼药物、磷脂、吐温的质量比为1:(5-20):(10-50);索拉非尼药物与水溶液的质量体积比(g/L)为1:1-1:5。在此实施方案中,本发明所述的脂质纳米混悬剂中粒子的平均粒径为50~500nm,更优选的,平均粒径在100~200nm。
其次,本发明还提供所述索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂的制备方法,采用纳米沉淀法、高压均质法中的一种或两种结合来制备。
优选的实施方案中,采用纳米沉淀法时,制备方法步骤如下:
(1)将索拉非尼药物和磷脂溶于能与水混溶的有机溶剂中获得有机相,将吐温溶于水中获得水相;
(2)超声或搅拌条件下将有机相加入到水相中;
(3)旋转蒸发或透析法除去有机溶剂;
(4)可选的,采用高压均质进一步减小粒径。
更为优选的,步骤(1)所述的有机溶剂可以是甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇、乙腈、PEG400、PEG600、DMSO、DMF、乙酸乙醋、乳酸乙醋的一种或任意组合,优选为甲醇;
索拉非尼药物与有机溶剂的质量体积比为50:1~1:1,优选为10:1;
索拉非尼药物与磷脂的质量比为(1-5):20,优选为:1:10;
步骤(2)中有机溶剂与水相的体积比为1:2~50(v/v),优选为1:10;
步骤(2)中有机溶剂的滴加速度为1~20mL/min,优选为5mL/min。
优选的实施方案中,采用高压均质法时,制备方法步骤如下:
(1)取稳定剂溶解于水中,得溶液A;
(2)将索拉非尼药物分散于步骤(1)所得的溶液A中,得混悬液B;
(3)将混悬液B高速剪切1~3min,得混悬液C;
(4)将混悬液C采用高压均质法进行均质,即得索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂。
优选的,所述步骤(3)中,高速剪切的速度为1000~4000r/min,优选为2000r/min;
所述步骤(4)中,高压均质法的参数为:依次在100~300bar循环3~10次、500~1500bar循环5~25次,优选为依次在200bar循环5次,1000bar循环10次。
此外,本发明还提供索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂的冻干制剂,除包括所述索拉非尼药物和稳定剂外,还包括冻干保护剂。
所述索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂的冻干制剂的制备方法也属于本发明的目的制剂。
索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂的冻干制剂的制备方法,在上述索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂的制备方法所述步骤外,还包括步骤:通过冷冻干燥、喷雾冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥等干燥方式进一步固化,所用冻干保护剂选自:甘露醇、山梨醇、聚乙二醇、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、乳糖、果糖、海藻糖、右旋糖酐、氨基酸、氨基酸盐、磷酸盐中的一种或两种及两种以上的组合,冻干保护剂在脂质纳米混悬剂中的浓度为0.005~0.2mg/mL;优选甘露醇为冻干保护剂,用量为0.05mg/mL。
本发明所述的索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂,可用于制备注射剂,所述的注射剂包括注射液和无菌冻干粉针;注射液可用高浓度的葡萄糖水溶液或氯化钠溶液调成生理等渗体系,适应临床应用;本发明的索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂冻干粉可加入适量的含5%葡萄糖和0.9%氯化钠的注射用水稀释,重建成供静脉给药用的分散体系,适应临床使用。
本发明取得了以下有益效果:
本发明制备的索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂及其冻干制剂,其优点在于:
(1)本发明所述纳米混悬剂以磷脂为主要稳定剂,有更好的生物相容性和安全性,而且索拉非尼具有强亲脂性(log P=3.8),以磷脂为稳定剂保证了稳定剂与药物的相容性;通过与磷脂复合而形成前体药物或载体系统,可增加药物透过细胞膜的能力,有效提高药物的体内吸收;可利用增强渗透与滞留效应(EPR effect)增加药物在肿瘤部位的蓄积,在增强抗肿瘤作用的同时降低药物对正常组织的毒副作用;本发明制剂载药量高、无药物泄露,载药量可达10.55%;
(2)本发明制剂外观形态呈类球形,平均粒径小且均匀,平均粒径约为165nm,稳定性良好,zeta电位约为11.0mV;
(3)本发明制剂处方简单,最少可以只含有药物和稳定剂;
(4)本发明制得的冻干制剂呈疏松多孔状态,再分散性良好,冻干保护剂用量少;
(5)本发明所述制剂安全性高、毒副作用低,包括:索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂,经H22荷瘤小鼠组织分布试验证明,给药后增加了药物在肝脏和肿瘤中的浓度,实现了对肿瘤组织的被动靶向;经H22荷瘤小鼠药效试验证明,表现出卓越的抗肿瘤治疗,相同剂量下,纳米混悬剂较药物溶液有更强的抗肿瘤活性;经新西兰兔血管刺激性试验,肉眼观察,未出现血管充血,红斑及水肿;组织病理学检查未出现血管细胞增生、炎症细胞浸润,证明其未出现血管刺激性;经小鼠组织切片试验,证明其没有明显的组织毒性;
(6)本发明所述制剂制备工艺简单,重现性良好,可通过滤膜过滤除菌,因此可以实现工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为实施例2中索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂的粒径分布图。
图2为实施例2中索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂的透射电镜照片(×14000)。
图3为HepG2细胞(a)、Bel-7402细胞(b)给予索拉非尼溶液、索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂及空白脂质纳米混悬剂48h后的生存率。
图4为H22小鼠静脉注射索拉非尼溶液、索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂后各组织中的药物浓度。
图5为H22小鼠静脉注射索拉非尼溶液、索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂后各个时间瘤内药物分布。
图6为小鼠肿瘤体积变化图。
图7为小鼠肿瘤直观图。
图8为小鼠体重变化图。
图9为血管刺激性试验结果(×400)。
图10为组织切片图(×100)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,但本发明的内容完全不局限于此。
实施例1索拉非尼纳米混悬剂制备中稳定剂的筛选
索拉非尼纳米混悬剂基本处方为:磷脂浓度为10mg/mL;药脂比为1:10;辅助稳定剂用量为1%;有机相水相体积比为1:10;有机相滴加速度为5mL/min;磁力搅拌速度为800r/min;冰浴。
采用单因素考察对基本处方进行优化,筛选索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂的辅助稳定剂,以粒径及粒径分布为主要考察因素,同时观察其形态和均匀性考察其处方和工艺,结果如表1所示。
表1辅助稳定剂种类对索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂粒径和电位的影响
由表1可看出,吐温-80作为辅助稳定剂时,所得粒径最小,分布最均匀。因此,选择吐温-80为拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂的辅助稳定剂。
采用单因素考察优化纳米混悬剂配比,以粒径及粒径分布为主要考察因素,同时观察其形态和均匀性考察其处方和工艺。考察的处方因素为辅助稳定剂种类及用量、药脂比、有机相与水相体积比,结果如表2所示。
表2单因素考察结果
实施例2索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂的制备--纳米沉淀法
称取索拉非尼9mg,磷脂75mg溶于1mL甲醇中,作为甲醇相;将吐温-80溶于水中得1.5%(g/100mL)吐温溶液,作为水相。在冰浴磁力搅拌条件下将甲醇相以5mL/min的速度缓慢滴加到10mL水相中,滴加完毕,挥干甲醇,制得索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬液。
上述制备的索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂平均粒径164.5nm,多分散系数0.202,载药量10.8%,电位-11.2mV,粒径分布如图1所示。
取上述制备的索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂适量,滴加于铜网上,用2%磷钨酸进行负染,自然干燥后在透射电镜下(TEM)观察,如图2所示,脂质纳米混悬剂粒径较小,结构圆整。
实施例3索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂的制备--高压均质法
精密称取磷脂250mg及吐温-80加至50mL蒸馏水中(吐温-80浓度为1.0%(g/100mL))溶解构成分散介质(溶液A)。加入25mg索拉非尼,超声分散均匀得混悬液B。继续采用高速剪切机20000r/min高速剪切3min,制得混悬液C。然后将混悬液C采用高压均质法,分别在200bar循环5次,1000bar循环15次,制得索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂,平均粒径为178.6nm,多分散系数0.199,载药量11.2%,电位-10.2mV。
实施例4索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂-冻干剂
称取索拉非尼10mg,磷脂100mg溶于1mL异丙醇中,作为有机相;将吐温-80溶于水中得1.5%(g/100mL)吐温溶液,作为水相。于冰浴磁力搅拌条件下将有机相以4mL/min的速度缓慢滴加到10mL水相中,滴加完毕,挥干异丙醇,1000bar条件下高压均质10次改善粒径,平均粒径159.8nm,载药量10.2%,电位-11.9mV。
以上制备的混悬液加入0.05mg/mL甘露醇后装入西林瓶中,置冰箱中-80℃预冻24h,转入冷冻干燥机中-40℃,0.5bar,48h,得白色疏松状索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂冻干制剂,该冻干制剂加入2mL蒸馏水经振摇可于lmin内完全复溶。
索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂加入适量PBS后再分散,粒径分布较均匀,平均粒径为190.6±5.0nm,比冻干前有所增加,zeta电位为-11.5mV基本不变。透射电镜观察其外观形态,结果显示其外观圆整,无粘连,再分散性良好。初步稳定性试验证明在4℃、-20℃条件下放置3个月,冻干制剂的外观无明显变化,索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂冻干复溶后的粒径略有增加,可能是因为冻干过程中,表面活性剂保护作用在一定程度上降低从而导致部分粒子团聚,再分散后粒子表面的乳化膜厚度变薄等综合作用所致。
实施例5索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂细胞毒性试验
采用噻唑蓝比色法(MTT法),测定索拉非尼溶液、索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂(实施例2,下同)对HepG2、Bel-7402两种肝癌细胞的生长抑制作用,同时设置对照组及空白组。取对数生长期两种肿瘤细胞混悬液150μl(约7000个),分别置于96孔培养板中。然后置于CO2培养箱中,保持培养箱的环境恒定:温度37℃,CO2含量5%,饱和湿度。细胞培养24h后,分别加入50μL不同浓度(0.5,2.5,5,10,20μmol/L)的索拉非尼溶液、索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂,继续培养48h。然后在96孔板中分别加入MTT,20μl/孔,继续孵育4h。离心后弃去孔内上清液,加入150μl DMSO/孔,并在摇床上振荡5min,每组均有6个平行孔,并重复3次。在波长490nm下用酶联免疫检测仪测定吸收度,考察各组制剂的体外抗肿瘤活性。
细胞抑制率%=[(A对照-A样品)/(A对照-A空白)]×100%
式中:A样品为各组制剂的吸光度;A对照为阴性对照组的吸光度;A空白为空白对照组的吸光度。
结果如图3所示,纳米混悬剂的细胞毒性明显高于溶液组,与索拉非尼溶液组相比,索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂在HepG2、Bel-7402细胞的IC50值显著性降低;证明其能够促进索拉非尼体内递送效率,显著增强其细胞毒性。
实施例6索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂在H22荷瘤小鼠体内分布
动物模型的建立:将冻存的鼠源性H22肝癌细胞复苏后,接种于昆明小鼠腹腔中传代。取出含H22细胞的腹水,用无菌生理盐水调整瘤细胞悬液浓度为1×107个/mL备用。昆明小鼠右腋下部位皮下注射0.1mL的H22细胞(1×107/mL)的生理盐水悬液,待肿瘤体积生长至大于200mm3,筛选肿瘤大小相对一致的小鼠进行试验。
取荷瘤小鼠,随机分为溶液组和纳米混悬剂2组,给药前禁食12h,自由饮水,按照9mg/kg的剂量进行尾静脉注射给药。分别于给药后0.5,1,2,4,6,10h处死小鼠,摘取肿瘤、心、肝、脾、肺、肾脏器置于生理盐水中清洗后,储存于-20℃冰箱中待测。
组织样品处理:取待测动物脏器,精密称重,加1mL生理盐水匀浆(肝组织加5mL)。取匀浆样品0.4mL,置1.5mL离心管中,加入乙腈与甲醇溶液(2:1,V/V)0.6mL,涡旋lmin后,10000r/min离心10min,将上清液0.5mL移至离心管中,40~50℃水浴氮气流下吹干,溶于0.1mL甲醇中,取20uL进样测定。
结果:如图4所示(每组从左至右依次为0.5,1,2,4,6,10h),小鼠尾静脉注射索拉非尼溶液后,索拉非尼在各组织脏器均有分布,分布无特异性;尾静脉注射索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂后,药物在肝、脾和肺组织分布增多,降低了心、肾组织中索拉非尼的分布。如图5所示,与溶液组相比,脂质纳米混悬剂组在瘤组织内药物分布明显提高,具有明显的肿瘤靶向性。
实施例7索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂在H22荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤药效研究
动物模型的建立:同实施例6中相同。
将荷瘤小鼠平均分为4组,6只/组。组别分别为:①生理盐水组(N.S);②索拉非尼溶液,口服组(18mg/kg);③索拉非尼溶液,静注组(9mg/kg);④索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂,静注组(9mg/kg)。每组分别给予尾静脉注射给药,每三天一次,共给药3周。给药后,每隔一天即用游标卡尺测量瘤的长和宽,并计算肿瘤体积大小,瘤体积的计算公式为:瘤体积=1/2LW2,L、W分别指肿瘤的长和宽;同时对小鼠的体重进行称量,绘制小鼠的体重变化曲线。最后一次给药一周后,把所有小鼠处死,剖离出瘤,对其质量进行称量,并用相机对其大小进行拍照。
结果:如图6所示,纳米混悬剂组抗肿瘤效果最佳,显著高于溶液口服组及静注组;如图7所示,纳米混悬剂组肿瘤体积和瘤重明显小于其他各组;图8所示,小鼠体重未发生明显下降现象,初步说明索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂有较低的毒性。
实施例8血管刺激性试验
选用新西兰兔,随机分为两组,每组三只,采用自身对照法,每只兔子左耳注射生理盐水,组1兔右耳注射索拉非尼溶液,组2兔右耳注射索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂。每天给药一次,连续给药5天,肉眼观察注射部位血管变化。末次给药48h后,取距离注射部位1cm及3cm处耳缘静脉区域进行组织病理学检查。
结果,如图9所示,组织病理学检查未出现血管细胞增生、炎症细胞浸润,证明其未出现血管刺激性。
实施例9组织切片试验
使用健康雌性昆明小鼠15只,随机分为两组,分别为生理盐水组、空白脂质纳米混悬剂组、索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂组,进行尾静脉注射。索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂组小鼠剂量为9mg/kg。给药频率与体内药效试验相同。在第21天时,处死所有小鼠,分离心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肾脏和肺,使用PBS(pH=7.4)洗两遍后,使用含有4%甲醛溶液中固定,石蜡包埋切片,苏木精-伊红染色法(HE染色法)进行染色,观察不同脏器情况。
结果:如图10所示,与给予生理盐水的小鼠器官切片相比,空白脂质纳米混悬剂组、索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂组切片无显著性差异,均无明显病理变化。
应注意的是,以上实例仅用于说明本发明的技术方案而非对其进行限制。尽管参照所给出的实例对本发明进行了详细说明,但是本领域的普通技术人员可根据需要对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂,由索拉非尼药物、稳定剂及注射用水制备而成,其特征在于,所述稳定剂为磷脂和吐温。
2.根据权利要求1所述的索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂,其特征在于,吐温为吐温80。
3.根据权利要求1所述的索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂,其特征在于,所述的索拉非尼药物,是索拉非尼或索拉非尼甲苯磺酸盐。
4.根据权利要求1所述的索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂,其特征在于,索拉非尼药物、磷脂、吐温的质量比为1:(5-20):(10-50);索拉非尼药物与水溶液的质量体积比(g/L)为1:1-1:5。
5.权利要求1-4所述索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂的制备方法,其特征在于,采用纳米沉淀法、高压均质法中的一种或两种结合来制备。
6.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,采用纳米沉淀法时制备方法步骤如下:
(1)将索拉非尼药物和磷脂溶于能与水混溶的有机溶剂中获得有机相,将吐温溶于水中获得水相;
(2)超声或搅拌条件下将有机相加入到水相中;
(3)旋转蒸发或透析法除去有机溶剂;
(4)可选的,采用高压均质进一步减小粒径。
7.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)所述的有机溶剂可以是甲醇、乙醇、丙酮、异丙醇、乙腈、PEG400、PEG600、DMSO、DMF、乙酸乙醋、乳酸乙醋的一种或组合,优选为甲醇;或者,索拉非尼药物与有机溶剂的质量体积比为50:1~1:1,优选为10:1;或者,索拉非尼药物与磷脂的质量比为(1-5):20,优选为:1:10;或者,步骤(2)中有机溶剂与水相的体积比为1:2~50(v/v),优选为1:10;或者,步骤(2)中有机溶剂的滴加速度为1~20mL/min,优选为5mL/min。
8.根据权利要求5所述的制备方法,其特征在于,采用高压均质法时制备方法步骤如下:
(1)取稳定剂溶解于水中,得溶液A;
(2)将索拉非尼药物分散于步骤(1)所得的溶液A中,得混悬液B;
(3)将混悬液B高速剪切1~3分钟,得混悬液C;
(4)将混悬液C采用高压均质法进行均质,即得索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂;
优选的,所述步骤(3)中,高速剪切的速度为10000~4000r/min,更优选为2000r/min;或者,
所述步骤(4)中,高压均质法的参数为:依次在100~300bar循环3~10次、500~1500bar循环5~25次,优选为依次在200bar循环5次,1000bar 10次。
9.权利要求1-4所述索拉非尼药物脂质纳米混悬剂制备的冻干制剂,其特征在于,将权利要求1-4所述纳米混悬剂加入冻干剂进行冷冻干燥。
10.权利要求9所述冻干制剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括权利要求5-8任一项所述索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂的制备方法,此外还包括固化步骤:通过冷冻干燥、喷雾冷冻干燥或喷雾干燥方式将索拉非尼脂质纳米混悬剂进一步固化;所用冻干保护剂选自:甘露醇、山梨醇、聚乙二醇、葡萄糖、麦芽糖、蔗糖、乳糖、果糖、海藻糖、右旋糖酐、氨基酸、氨基酸盐、磷酸盐中的一种或两种及两种以上的组合,冻干保护剂在脂质纳米混悬剂中的浓度为0.005~0.2mg/mL;优选甘露醇为冻干保护剂,用量为0.05mg/mL。
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