CN115347376B - Miniaturized multisource and multibeam antenna based on phase gradient super surface - Google Patents
Miniaturized multisource and multibeam antenna based on phase gradient super surface Download PDFInfo
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- CN115347376B CN115347376B CN202210837393.6A CN202210837393A CN115347376B CN 115347376 B CN115347376 B CN 115347376B CN 202210837393 A CN202210837393 A CN 202210837393A CN 115347376 B CN115347376 B CN 115347376B
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- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 12
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/0006—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices
- H01Q15/0086—Devices acting selectively as reflecting surface, as diffracting or as refracting device, e.g. frequency filtering or angular spatial filtering devices said selective devices having materials with a synthesized negative refractive index, e.g. metamaterials or left-handed materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/48—Earthing means; Earth screens; Counterpoises
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/52—Means for reducing coupling between antennas; Means for reducing coupling between an antenna and another structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
- H01Q13/10—Resonant slot antennas
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- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to a multi-beam antenna, and particularly relates to a miniaturized multi-source multi-beam antenna based on a phase gradient super surface. In order to solve the problem of large volume and high cost of the existing multi-beam antenna, the invention comprises an ultra-surface layer, an upper medium substrate, a feed network layer, a lower medium substrate and a grounding plate; the super surface is attached to the upper surface of the upper medium substrate; the feed network and the grounding plate are respectively attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower medium substrate; the super surface and the feed network are separated by an air layer; the super surface layer consists of 9 multiplied by 9 square ring metal patches, the inner diameter of the square ring is unchanged, and the outer diameter is changed to form a phase gradient super surface; the feed network layer consists of a center patch etched with a rectangular gap and a cross-shaped gap and four groups of parasitic stickers etched with U-shaped gaps; the invention is suitable for wireless communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a multi-beam antenna, and particularly relates to a miniaturized multi-source multi-beam antenna based on a phase gradient super surface.
Background
In recent years, with the development of satellite and wireless communication systems, a single-function directional radiation antenna cannot meet the requirements of high transmission efficiency and diversity in the communication system, and a multi-beam antenna covers a required range by utilizing a plurality of beams, and accurately points to a target by switching the beams to realize real-time communication, so that great attention is paid to different application fields.
In general, the design of implementing multiple beams using phased array network technology can be divided into two approaches: the first is a phase control network composed of active circuit elements such as a multipath phase shifter, a power divider, a coupler and the like, different power distribution and phase distribution can be realized, then the amplitude and the phase of each unit in a planar radiation array are regulated and controlled by a phase control technology, the radiation direction of a wave beam is further changed, and the realization of a multi-wave beam (Wang R, Wang B, Ding X, et al. Planar Phased Array with Wdie-angle Scanning Performance Based on Image Theory. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation. 2015, 63(9), 3908-3917.). is a phase control network based on a passive microwave device, which can output a plurality of groups of excitation signals with uniform amplitude at an output port, and the output signals of adjacent ports have equal phase differences, so that phase control is realized, and a plurality of directional wave beams are further generated. However, by loading the phased antenna array formed by the planar circuit or the butler matrix, the butler matrix (Wincza K, Staszek K, Gruszczynski S. Broadband Multibeam Antenna Arrays Fed by Frequency-Dependent Butler Matrices. IEEE Antennas and Propagation Magazine, 2017, 65(9), 4539-4547.). occupies a larger space, and also causes interference between the radiating array units, which is unfavorable for improving the communication performance and the communication quality.
In view of this, there is a need to replace phased arrays with new materials that are more compact, simpler in construction, and less costly to manufacture to meet the needs of wireless communications.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problem of large volume and high cost of the existing multi-beam antenna, a miniaturized multi-source multi-beam antenna based on a phase gradient super surface is provided.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A miniaturized multi-source multi-beam antenna based on a phase gradient super surface comprises a super surface layer, an upper medium substrate, a feed network layer, a lower medium substrate and a grounding plate which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
The super-surface layer is attached to the upper surface of the upper medium substrate, the feed network layer and the grounding plate are respectively attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower medium substrate, and an air layer is arranged between the upper medium substrate and the feed network layer; the super surface layer is a phase gradient super surface formed by N multiplied by N square ring patches, wherein N is a positive integer; the feed network layer is composed of a central patch and four parasitic patches, wherein the parasitic patches are positioned around the central patch.
Further, the super-surface layer is centrosymmetric, the inner diameter of the square ring patch is kept unchanged, and the outer diameter starts from the central point of the super-surface layer and is reduced from inside to outside and then increased.
Further, rectangular gaps are etched at four corners of the center patch, and cross-shaped gaps are etched in the middle.
Further, the parasitic patch is etched with a U-shaped gap, and an opening of the U-shaped gap faces outwards.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
According to the invention, the phase gradient super surface is loaded above the upper medium substrate, so that multi-beam radiation is realized, and the radiation beam width of the antenna is improved; meanwhile, rectangular gaps and cross-shaped gaps are added on the central patch, so that the antenna gain and the beam directivity are improved; in addition, by etching the U-shaped gap on the parasitic patch, the side lobe of the antenna is reduced, and the beam isolation is improved; energizing four different feed ports, respectively, may produce four differently directed beams. Compared with the traditional multi-beam antenna, the antenna does not need to design a complex beam forming network, realizes multi-beams by using a super surface, and has smaller volume, narrower beams and higher isolation.
The invention has the characteristics of reasonable structure, ingenious design, high gain, low profile, narrow beam, high isolation and the like, and is suitable for wireless communication.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention wherein a 1-super surface layer, a 2-upper dielectric substrate, a 3-feed network layer, a 4-lower dielectric substrate, a 5-ground plate, a 6-center patch, a 7-rectangular slot, an 8-cross slot, a 9-parasitic patch, a 10-U slot;
fig. 2 is a radiation pattern corresponding to different super-surface structures in a ϕ =0° plane in accordance with the present invention;
fig. 3 is a gain pattern corresponding to loading different slit structures on a plane ϕ =0° according to the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a gain pattern for different parasitic patch lengths in the ϕ =0° plane in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 5 is a gain pattern for different cell spacings in the ϕ = 0 plane of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is a gain pattern for different air layer heights in the ϕ = 0 ° plane of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of the S-parameters of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a radiation pattern for a 1/3 port feed at ϕ =0° plane in accordance with the present invention;
Fig. 9 is a radiation pattern of the present invention at ϕ =0° planar 2/4 port feed.
Detailed Description
Examples
As shown in fig. 1, a miniaturized multi-source multi-beam antenna based on a phase gradient super surface comprises a super surface layer 1, an upper medium substrate 2, a feed network layer 3, a lower medium substrate 4 and a grounding plate 5 which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
The super surface layer 1 is attached to the upper surface of the upper medium substrate 2, the feed network layer 3 and the grounding plate 5 are respectively attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower medium substrate 4, and an air layer with the height of h 1 is arranged between the upper medium substrate 2 and the feed network layer 3;
The super surface layer 1 is a phase gradient super surface formed by N multiplied by N square ring patches, the super surface layer 1 is in central symmetry, the inner diameter of the square ring patches is kept unchanged, the outer diameter starts from the central point of the super surface layer 1, and the super surface layer is firstly reduced and then increased from inside to outside, wherein N is a positive integer; the feed network layer 3 comprises a center patch 6 and four parasitic patches 9, the parasitic patches 9 are located around the center patch 6, rectangular gaps 7 are etched at four corners of the center patch 6, cross-shaped gaps 8 are etched at the center, U-shaped gaps 10 are etched at the parasitic patches 9, and openings of the U-shaped gaps 10 face outwards.
In particular, the thickness h 1 of the air layer is 15 mm, n=9.
The upper dielectric substrate 2 and the lower dielectric substrate 4 are made of FR4-epoxy and are 80X 80mm 2 in size. The super surface layer 1, the feed network layer 3 and the ground plate 5 are all metallic copper layers. The square ring patch of the super surface layer 1 has an inner diameter b of 2.8 mm and an outer diameter a 0、a1、a2、a3、a4 of 6.5 mm, 5.8 mm, 5.6 mm, 5.2 mm and 6mm, respectively. The size of the ground plate 5 is 80 x 80mm 2.
The size of the center patch 6 is 38 x 38 mm 2. The size of the rectangular gap 7 is 3×8mm 2. The size of the cross-shaped slit 8 is 29 x 2.5mm 2. The parasitic patch 9 has a size of 19 x 28 mm 2. The U-shaped gaps were 10X 10 mm 2 and 8X 6 mm 2 in size.
In this embodiment, the performance of the antenna is analyzed by taking one port feed as an example, and specifically the following steps are adopted:
Fig. 2 shows radiation patterns corresponding to different super-surface structures of the antenna. Curves 1,2, 3 represent no subsurface, a uniform subsurface, and a phase gradient subsurface, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 2: without the super surface structure, the antenna gain is only 1.84 dBi, the beam is directed in the +z-axis direction, and the 3 dB beam width is 55 degrees. When the uniform square ring super surface is increased, the antenna gain is increased to 9.9 dBi, the main beam direction (θ, ϕ) = (-14 °, 182 °), and the sidelobe levels in the (θ, ϕ) = (0 °, 182 °) and (-14 °, 136 °) directions are 3.67 and 0.1 dB. When the uniform supersurface is replaced with a phase gradient supersurface, the sidelobe levels of the antenna are further reduced to-1.65 and-4.73 dB. The antenna gain reaches 10.08 dBi and the beam width is reduced to 18 deg..
Fig. 3 shows the radiation patterns corresponding to different slot structures loaded on the antenna. Curves 1,2, 3 represent no gap, loading cross-shaped gap, loading U-shaped gap, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 3: when no slot exists, the antenna gain is only 3.84 dBi, the beam is directed to θ=11°, and the sidelobe level in the direction of θ= -15 ° is 3.26 dB. When rectangular slots and cross slots are loaded, the antenna gain increases to 8.98 dBi and the side lobe level in the θ=11° direction decreases to 0.67 dB. When loading the U-shaped slot, the antenna gets a higher gain of 10.08 dBi.
Fig. 4 shows gain patterns corresponding to different lengths of parasitic patches at a plane ϕ =0°. Curves 1,2,3 and 4 represent w 1 = 22, 25, 28 and 31 mm, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 4: when w 1 =22 mm, the antenna gain is only 7.84 dBi. At w 1 =25 and 28 mm, the antenna main lobe gains reach 9.17 and 10.08 dBi, and the side lobe levels are 1.12 and-0.93 dB, respectively. Continuing to increase w 1 to 31 mm, the antenna gain drops to 9.03 dBi. Thus, w 1 = 28 mm is finally selected.
Fig. 5 shows gain patterns corresponding to different intervals of the planar subsurface unit at ϕ =0°. Curves 1,2, 3 and4 represent p 1 = 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 mm, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 5: when p 1 = 0.5 and 2 mm, the antenna gain decreases to 6.9 and 5.15 dBi, respectively. When p 1 =1 mm, the antenna gain reaches 10.08 dBi, and the beam width is 18 °. When p 1 = 1.5 mm, there is a small increase in beam width and the gain drops to 7.94 dBi. Therefore, in order to obtain a narrow beam with high gain, p 1 =1 mm is finally selected.
Fig. 6 shows gain patterns corresponding to different air layer heights of the antenna. Curves 1,2,3 and 4 represent h 1 = 13mm, 14 mm, 15mm and 16 mm, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 6: when h 1 =13 mm, the antenna maximum gain is 5.2 dBi. h 1 = 14 mm, beam pointing (θ, ϕ) = (-5 °, 182 °), antenna gain reaches 8.44 dBi. Continuing to increase h 1 to 16 mm, the beam is shifted to the left by 14 °, pointing θ= -19 °, but the beam sidelobes increase to 2.03 dB. Thus, the final choice is h 1 = 15mm, the antenna gain is 10.08 dBi, and the sidelobe level is-0.93 dB.
Fig. 7 shows an S parameter diagram of an antenna, curve 1 is S 11 of the antenna, the bandwidth of-10 dB of the antenna is 14.93 GHz-15.11 GHz, curves 2,3 and 4 are S 12、S13、S14 respectively, and the isolation is better than 32.42 dB. Since the antenna is of a centrosymmetric structure, the S parameters of the other port feeds are not listed here.
Fig. 8 shows the radiation pattern of the antenna in the ϕ =0° plane. Curves 1 and 2 represent the main polarization at the 1/3 port feed of the antenna, respectively, and curves 3 and 4 represent the cross polarization at the 1/3 port feed of the antenna, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 8: beam 1/3 is directed (θ, ϕ) = (12 °,0 °), (-12 °,0 °), antenna cross polarization level is lower than-13.85 dB.
Fig. 9 shows the radiation pattern of the antenna in the ϕ =90° plane. Curves 1 and 2 represent the main polarization of the antenna at 2/4 port feed, respectively, and curves 3 and 4 represent the cross polarization of the antenna at 2/4 port feed, respectively. As can be seen from fig. 9: beam 2/4 is directed (θ, ϕ) = (12 °, 90 °), (-12 °, 90 °).
Claims (2)
1. The miniaturized multi-source multi-beam antenna based on the phase gradient super surface is characterized by comprising a super surface layer (1), an upper medium substrate (2), a feed network layer (3), a lower medium substrate (4) and a grounding plate (5) which are sequentially arranged from top to bottom;
The super-surface layer (1) is attached to the upper surface of the upper medium substrate (2), the feed network layer (3) and the grounding plate (5) are respectively attached to the upper surface and the lower surface of the lower medium substrate (4), and an air layer is arranged between the upper medium substrate (2) and the feed network layer (3); the super surface layer (1) is a phase gradient super surface formed by N multiplied by N square ring patches, wherein N is a positive integer; the feed network layer (3) comprises a central patch (6) and four parasitic patches (9), the parasitic patches (9) are located around the central patch (6), the super-surface layer (1) is centrosymmetric, the inner diameter of the square ring patch is kept unchanged, the outer diameter is from the central point of the super-surface layer (1), the outer diameter is reduced from inside to outside and then increased, the parasitic patches (9) are etched with U-shaped gaps (10), and the openings of the U-shaped gaps (10) are outwards.
2. The miniaturized multi-source multi-beam antenna based on the phase gradient super surface according to claim 1, wherein rectangular slits (7) are etched at four corners of the center patch (6), and cross slits (8) are etched in the middle.
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| CN115347376B true CN115347376B (en) | 2024-05-28 |
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| CN110034406A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-19 | 山西大学 | A kind of low section multi-beam slot antenna based on the double-deck super surface |
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| WO2021179627A1 (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-16 | 华南理工大学 | Super-surface-based dual-linear polarization dual-beam base station antenna |
| WO2021248611A1 (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-12-16 | 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司 | Metasurface antenna system and communication terminal |
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2022
- 2022-07-15 CN CN202210837393.6A patent/CN115347376B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110034406A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-07-19 | 山西大学 | A kind of low section multi-beam slot antenna based on the double-deck super surface |
| CN111129765A (en) * | 2019-12-10 | 2020-05-08 | 山西大学 | Multi-beam antenna based on super surface |
| WO2021179627A1 (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2021-09-16 | 华南理工大学 | Super-surface-based dual-linear polarization dual-beam base station antenna |
| WO2021248611A1 (en) * | 2020-06-08 | 2021-12-16 | 瑞声声学科技(深圳)有限公司 | Metasurface antenna system and communication terminal |
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