CN115342186A - 在致动器和可由致动器调整的换挡拨叉中迟滞补偿的方法 - Google Patents
在致动器和可由致动器调整的换挡拨叉中迟滞补偿的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种用于借助于状态自动装置(4)在致动器(3)和换挡拨叉(1)中进行迟滞补偿的方法,所述换挡拨叉能够由所述致动器(3)调整并且引导滑动套筒(2),其中将换挡拨叉(1)借助于致动器(3)从第一换挡位置(xDecoup),即空挡位置起始,移动到至少一个第二换挡位置(xCoup),即行进挡位中和反之亦然地移动,其中在到空挡位置(xDecoup)中或到行进挡位(xCoup)中的换挡要求的情况下,基于在致动器(3)和换挡拨叉(1)之间保留的机械间隙(phiBL)和由状态自动装置(4)产生的、与相应的换挡要求相关联的符号(+1、0、‑1)来修正致动器的位置(phiAtr、phiCoup、phiDecoup)。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于借助于状态自动装置在致动器和可由所述致动器调整的、引导滑动套筒的换挡拨叉中进行迟滞补偿的方法。
背景技术
换挡拨叉在尽可能没有切削加工的情况下通过板材成型,例如借助于冲压、拉伸或挤压或通过这些方法的组合被制造。因此,由板材制成的换挡拨叉特别在大批量生产中能被低成本地制造,并且越来越频繁地被使用。在钢板上能以简单的方式安置其他由钢通过焊接或借助于其他连接方式制成的结构元件。然而,滑块在换挡拨叉的钢板上的固定是耗费的,因为在这种换挡拨叉处的滑块应当由促动滑行的材料而不由钢制成,以便这样实现在换挡拨叉与滑动套筒的贴靠面处的尽可能自润滑的滑动特性和高的耐摩性。根据现有技术,至少对于滑块提出例如是塑料或黄铜的材料。
换挡拨叉经由致动器移动。通常,致动器在其移动过程中具有迟滞。这意味着,例如,当施加控制信号时,致动器从第一状态移动到第二状态。然而,如果控制信号再回到“零”,但致动器不再完全回到第一状态。
DE 10 2007 057 203 B4示出一种用于在自动变速器中挂挡的方法。为了确定换挡拨叉的位置使用传感器。结束位置通过控制回路确定。
该方法涉及安全挂挡,其中齿即具有空套轮和相关的固定轮的换挡套筒的齿相对于彼此的位置经由传感器确定。
针对闭环控制使用2个阈值,所述阈值由待挂入的齿轮的齿相对于固定轮的轴向位移确定。这两个阈值都对应于齿已经重叠的位置。为了防止挂挡卡住,根据时间查询要挂入的齿的位置。文挡中列出的闭环控制在此总是查询第一阈值S1,以便随后根据结果查询第二阈值S2。在此涉及集成到致动器的操控装置中的闭环控制回路。
US 2016 0 230 887 A1示出一种用于在同步中确定空挡位置的方法。为此,套筒沿第一方向移动,包括第二方向,随后移动回到空挡位置中,其中空挡位置由先前的移动以及端部止挡件的间距计算出。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种方法,所述方法允许经由致动器精确地定位换挡拨叉。
所述需求可以通过根据本发明的主题满足。本发明的有利的实施方式在下文中描述。
根据本发明的方法用于在致动器和可由所述致动器调整的、引导滑动套筒的换挡拨叉中进行迟滞补偿。
根据本发明的方法在此利用状态自动装置。
换挡拨叉根据本发明经由致动器从第一换挡位置,即空挡位置起始,移动到至少一个第二换挡位置,即行进挡位中和反之亦然地移动,其中在到空挡位置中或到行进挡位中的换挡要求的情况下基于在致动器和换挡拨叉之间保留的机械间隙和由状态自动装置产生的、与相应的换挡要求相关联的符号来修正致动器的位置。
致动器是位置控制的致动器,例如液压的、电动的、机电的或气动的致动器。
换挡拨叉可以至少部分地由塑料制成。将塑料理解为聚合物材料或也理解为具有聚合物份额的复合材料。
在本发明的一个特别优选的实施方案变型形式中,在换挡拨叉被致动到相应的换挡位置中之后,将致动器机械地释放,即将致动器开环控制或闭环控制以达到在致动器和换挡拨叉之间的机械间隙的中部。
致动器优选经由控制单元开环控制或闭环控制,所述控制单元包含状态自动装置。
换挡拨叉的换挡位置优选经由至少一个传感器例如霍尔传感器确定,其中在状态自动装置中处理传感器的传感器信号。传感器在此位于致动器处。
根据本发明的方法以简单的方式和方法允许在致动器和可由所述致动器调整的换挡拨叉之间的机械间隙修正。由此得出将换挡拨叉精确定位的可能性,这还造成,换挡拨叉在其使用寿命期间较少磨损。所描述的方法大体上是用于对任意的具有间隙的系统进行功能性的闭环控制的简单的、非常灵活的、可多方面使用的且鲁棒的解决方案。通过所述方法可以将所需的构件公差保持在成本方面可接受的范围内,而不会损害定位精度。
附图说明
下面示例性地参照附图描述本发明。
图1示出换挡拨叉和滑动套筒的等距视图。
图2示出状态自动装置的示意图。
图3示出具有换挡拨叉的目标位置、所述换挡拨叉的状态分配还有保留在状态自动装置中的符号的表格。
图4示出用于致动器的迟滞的图表,其中绘制致动器在x轴上的位置和换挡拨叉或换挡套筒在y轴上的换挡位置。
具体实施方式
根据本发明的方法用于在致动器3和引导滑动套筒2的换挡拨叉1中进行迟滞补偿(图1),所述换挡拨叉可经由致动器3调整。换挡拨叉1可以借助于致动器3移动到两个不同的换挡位置,即第一换挡位置xDecoup和第二换挡位置xCoup中。换挡拨叉1的第一换挡位置xDecoup对应于空挡位置并且第二换挡位置xCoup对应于行进挡位。为此致动器3可以被致动到第一位置phiDecoup中,这造成换挡拨叉1移动到第一换挡位置xDecoup中。此外,致动器3可以被致动到第二位置phiCoup中,这造成换挡拨叉1移动到第二换挡位置xCoup中。
如果换挡拨叉1位于换挡位置xCoup、xDecoup中,则经由机械地释放致动器3来机械地释放所述换挡拨叉。
致动器3经由控制单元(未详细示出)开环控制或闭环控制,所述控制单元包含状态自动装置4(图2)。
系统的相应的状态,即换挡拨叉1的相应的换挡位置xCoup、xDecoup,通过状态自动装置4示出,所述状态自动装置基于致动器当前的和未来的状态来确定用于致动器3的位置预设值的修正。
以非线性的系统为出发点,其中致动器3应当将换挡拨叉1精确地定位,尽管所述致动器具有机械间隙phiBL(图3)。在图4中的图表中绘制相对于致动器的位置phiAtr(x轴)的、换挡拨叉的换挡位置xDgClu(y轴)。
换挡拨叉1到第一换挡位置xDecoup中的移动经由将致动器3致动到第一位置phiDecoup中引起。换挡拨叉1到第二换挡位置xCoup中的移动经由将致动器3致动到第二位置phiCoup中引起。换挡拨叉1必须精确地定位到第一换挡位置xDecoup,即空挡位置处,和定位到第二换挡位置xCoup,即行进挡位处。随后,机械地释放致动器3,即移动到机械间隙phiBL的中部。致动器3的相应的位置通过值phiAtr(图4;x轴)描述。
由此,用于致动器3的目标位置phiAtrReq如下表达(图3),
phiAtrReq=phiTarget+signBL*phiBL/2
其中phiTarget=phiDeCoup或phiCoup,根据换挡期望作为致动器3的第一位置phiDecoup或第二位置phiCoup。
符号signBL通过状态自动装置4产生,并且可以采用值+1、0、-1(图3)。
为了示例性地描述方法的过程,以致动器3被释放时的脱耦状态为基础(图2,“不借助于力的脱耦(ForceFree Decoupled)”)。如果检测到换挡要求(图2、图3、步骤C1),将状态自动装置4变换到状况“耦合”从而确定期望的位置,即phiTarget=phiCoup和相关的符号,即signBL=+1(图3)。如果致动器3的期望位置被控制,则可以开始释放致动器3从而换挡拨叉1(图2、图3、步骤C2)直至具有符号SignBL=0的phiTarget=phiCoup(图2,“不借助于力的耦合(ForceFree Coupled)”)。如果现在检测到朝断开方向的换挡要求(图2、图3、步骤C3),则状态自动装置3变换到状况“脱耦”并且确定期望的位置,即phiTarget=phiDecoup和相关的符号,即signBL=-1。在达到目标位置之后,致动器3从而换挡拨叉1又被释放,即直至具有符号SignBL=0的phiTarget=phiCoup(图2,“不借助于力脱耦”)。换挡过程的中断(图2、图3、步骤C5和C6)是随时可能的。间隙总是被正确地通过。如果添加另外的系统状态,则仅须将目标位置和相关符号传输到表格中。以这种方式和方法,迟滞曲线(图2)始终正确通过,可以随时确定换挡拨叉1的精确位置。
附图标记列表
1 换挡拨叉
2 滑动套筒
3 致动器
4 状态自动装置
PhiAtr 致动器的位置(x轴)
PhiAtrReq 致动器的目标位置
phiDeCoup 致动器的第一位置(对应于换挡拨叉的第一换挡位置)
phiCoup 致动器的第二位置(对应于换挡拨叉的第二换挡位置)
phiBL 在致动器和换挡拨叉之间的机械间隙
phiTarget phiDecoup或phiCoup,根据换挡期望
xDgClu 换挡拨叉的换挡位置(y轴)
xDecoup 换挡拨叉的第一换挡位置(空挡位置)
xCoup 换挡拨叉的第二换挡位置(行进挡位)
signBL 符号(+1、0、-1)
C1、C2、C3、C4 步骤
Claims (5)
1.一种用于借助于状态自动装置(4)在致动器(3)和换挡拨叉(1)中进行迟滞补偿的方法,所述换挡拨叉能够由所述致动器(3)调整并且引导滑动套筒(2),其中将所述换挡拨叉(1)借助于所述致动器(3)从第一换挡位置(xDecoup),即空挡位置起始,移动到至少一个第二换挡位置(xCoup),即行进挡位中和反之亦然地移动,其中在到所述空挡位置(xDecoup)中或到所述行进挡位(xCoup)中的换挡要求的情况下,基于在所述致动器(3)和所述换挡拨叉(1)之间保留的机械间隙(phiBL)和由所述状态自动装置(4)产生的、与相应的换挡要求相关联的符号(+1、0、-1)来修正所述致动器的位置(phiAtr、phiCoup、phiDecoup)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,
在所述换挡拨叉(1)被致动到相应的换挡位置(xDgClu、xCoup、xDecoup)中之后,将所述致动器(3)机械地释放,即开环控制或闭环控制以达到所述机械间隙的中部(phiBL/2)。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,
其特征在于,
其中所述致动器(3)经由控制单元开环控制或闭环控制,所述控制单元包含所述状态自动装置(4)。
4.根据权利要求2或3所述的方法,
其特征在于,
经由至少一个传感器确定所述换挡拨叉(1)的换挡位置(xDgClu、xCoup、xDecoup)从而确定所述致动器的位置(phiAtr、phiCoup、phiDecoup),其中在所述状态自动装置(4)中处理所述传感器的传感器信号。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,
其特征在于,
所述换挡拨叉(3)至少部分地由塑料制成。
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