CN115341309A - 一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及锂离子电池技术领域,提出了一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料及其制备方法和应用,所述制备方法,包括以下步骤:S1、向碱性酚醛树脂水溶液中添加无机银化合物、羧甲基壳聚糖、稳定剂,分散均匀,得到纺丝液;S2、将纺丝液静电纺丝,得到银掺杂纳米纤维;S3、将银掺杂纳米纤维在800℃下碳化3小时,得到银掺杂硬碳材料;S4、将银掺杂硬碳材料加热至200‑400℃,通入浓硝酸蒸汽进行刻蚀,得到多孔银掺杂硬碳材料。通过上述技术方案,解决了现有技术中硬碳材料阻抗大、首次效率偏低的问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及锂离子电池技术领域,具体的,涉及一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
硬碳材料以其低温性能优异、膨胀低等优点而应用于HEV/PHEV/EV等电池领域,目前的制备方法主要采用固相/液相法制备,其材料存在一致性差,形貌为颗粒状结构,材料的阻抗偏大,且存在制备过程难以精确控制,导致得到的硬碳材料阻抗大、首次效率偏低。静电纺丝技术是通过强电场作用下,喷射成丝,具有过程可控,纤维状结构的膨胀较低,阻抗低等优点,主要应用于食品、化工及其新型材料等领域。而目前市场上未见报道采用静电纺丝法制备硬碳复合材料。
发明内容
本发明提出一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料及其制备方法和应用,解决了现有技术中硬碳材料阻抗大、首次效率偏低的问题。
本发明的技术方案如下:
本发明提出了一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、向碱性酚醛树脂水溶液中添加无机银化合物、羧甲基壳聚糖、稳定剂,分散均匀,得到纺丝液;
S2、将纺丝液静电纺丝,得到银掺杂纳米纤维;
S3、将银掺杂纳米纤维碳化,得到银掺杂硬碳材料;
S4、将银掺杂硬碳材料用浓硝酸蒸汽刻蚀,得到多孔银掺杂硬碳材料。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述碱性酚醛树脂与无机银化合物、羧甲基壳聚糖、稳定剂的质量比为100:(1-10):(1-5):(0.5-2)。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述碱性酚醛树脂水溶液的质量浓度为1-10%。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述无机银化合物为硝酸银、碳酸银、硫酸银、氯化银中的一种。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述稳定剂为三乙醇胺、乙酸、月桂酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、草酸、葡萄糖酸中的一种。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述碳化条件为氩气气氛下温度700-1000℃,碳化时间为1-6h。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述静电纺丝中,注射泵的推进速率为1-10毫升/小时,纺丝针头为0.1~1mm的平针头,高压直流电源为8-30KV,纺丝喷头与滚筒的距离为5-20cm。
作为进一步的技术方案,所述刻蚀温度为200-400℃,时间为1-6h。
本发明还提出了一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料,由所述制备方法制备得到。
本发明还提出了一种锂离子电池电极,所述制备方法得到的多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料。
本发明还提出了一种锂离子电池,包括所述锂离子电池电极。
本发明的工作原理及有益效果为:
1、本发明中,采用静电纺丝法制备银掺杂纳米纤维,将银沉积在碳纳米纤维骨架上,有效防止了颗粒团聚,得到纤维状的多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料,具有膨胀低、阻抗低等优点,同时,多孔银具有高的电子导电率和比表面积,降低了硬碳复合材料的阻抗,提升了硬碳复合材料的倍率和循环性能,且银与电解液无反应,使其充放电过程中形成SEI膜较少锂离子的消耗,提升了硬碳复合材料的首次效率。
2、本发明中,采用静电纺丝法制备多孔银硬碳复合材料时,在纺丝液中加入稳定剂,从而提升了纺丝液的稳定性,便于在静电纺丝过程中形成稳定的纺丝液,进一步防止了颗粒团聚,静电纺丝后得到均匀性好的银掺杂纳米纤维,再碳化、刻蚀后得到粒径介于(10~15)μm之间的多孔银硬碳复合材料,进一步提高了多孔银硬碳复合材料的首次效率。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细的说明。
图1为本发明实施例1的多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料SEM图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都涉及本发明保护的范围。
实施例1
一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将100g碱性酚醛树脂添加到2000mL去离子中配制成5wt%的碱性酚醛树脂水溶液,之后添加5g硫酸银、3g羧甲基壳聚糖、1g三乙醇胺,分散均匀,得到纺丝液;
S2、将纺丝液静电纺丝得到银掺杂纳米纤维,静电纺丝条件为:注射泵的推进速率为5毫升/小时,纺丝针头为0.5mm的平针头,高压直流电源为20KV,纺丝喷头与滚筒的距离为10cm;
S3、将银掺杂纳米纤维转移到管式炉中,在氩气气氛下800℃下碳化3小时,得到银掺杂硬碳材料;
S4、将银掺杂硬碳材料转移旋转的陶瓷管式炉中,加热至300℃,通入浓硝酸蒸汽进行刻蚀3h,得到多孔银掺杂硬碳材料。
实施例2
一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将100g碱性酚醛树脂添加到10000mL去离子中配制成1wt%的碱性酚醛树脂水溶液,之后添加10g碳酸银、5g羧甲基壳聚糖、2g月桂酸,分散均匀,得到纺丝液;
S2、将纺丝液静电纺丝得到银掺杂纳米纤维,静电纺丝条件为:注射泵的推进速率为1毫升/小时,纺丝针头为0.1mm的平针头,高压直流电源为8KV,纺丝喷头与滚筒的距离为5cm;
S3、将银掺杂纳米纤维转移到管式炉中,在氩气气氛下700℃下碳化6小时,得到银掺杂硬碳材料;
S4、将银掺杂硬碳材料转移旋转的陶瓷管式炉中,加热至200℃,通入浓硝酸蒸汽进行刻蚀6h,得到多孔银掺杂硬碳材料。
实施例3
一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将100g碱性酚醛树脂添加到1000mL去离子中配制成10wt%的碱性酚醛树脂水溶液,之后添加1g硝酸银、1g羧甲基壳聚糖、0.5g柠檬酸,分散均匀,得到纺丝液;
S2、将纺丝液静电纺丝得到银掺杂纳米纤维,静电纺丝条件为:注射泵的推进速率为10毫升/小时,纺丝针头为1mm的平针头,高压直流电源为30KV,纺丝喷头与滚筒的距离为8cm;
S3、将银掺杂纳米纤维转移到管式炉中,在氩气气氛下1000℃下碳化1小时,得到银掺杂硬碳材料;
S4、将银掺杂硬碳材料转移旋转的陶瓷管式炉中,加热至400℃,通入浓硝酸蒸汽进行刻蚀1h,得到多孔银掺杂硬碳材料。
对比例1
一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将100g碱性酚醛树脂添加到2000mL去离子中配制成5wt%的碱性酚醛树脂水溶液,之后添加5g硫酸银,混合均匀,干燥,得到银掺杂树脂;
S2、将银掺杂树脂转移到管式炉中,在800℃下碳化3小时,得到银掺杂硬碳材料;
S3、将银掺杂硬碳材料转移旋转的陶瓷管式炉中,加热至300℃,通入浓硝酸蒸汽进行刻蚀3h,得到多孔银掺杂硬碳材料。
对比例2
一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将100g碱性酚醛树脂添加到2000mL去离子中配制成5wt%的碱性酚醛树脂水溶液,之后添加3g羧甲基壳聚糖分散均匀,得到纺丝液;
S2、将纺丝液静电纺丝得到纳米纤维,静电纺丝条件为:注射泵的推进速率为5毫升/小时,纺丝针头为0.5mm的平针头,高压直流电源为20KV,纺丝喷头与滚筒的距离为10cm;
S3、将纳米纤维在800℃下碳化3小时,得到纤维硬碳材料;
S4、将纤维硬碳材料转移旋转的陶瓷管式炉中,加热至300℃,通入浓硝酸蒸汽进行刻蚀3h,得到多孔纤维硬碳材料。
对比例3
一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
S1、将100g碱性酚醛树脂添加到2000mL去离子中配制成5wt%的碱性酚醛树脂水溶液,之后添加5g硫酸银、3g羧甲基壳聚糖,分散均匀,得到纺丝液;
S2、将纺丝液静电纺丝得到银掺杂纳米纤维,静电纺丝条件为:注射泵的推进速率为5毫升/小时,纺丝针头为0.5mm的平针头,高压直流电源为20KV,纺丝喷头与滚筒的距离为10cm;
S3、将银掺杂纳米纤维转移到管式炉中,在800℃下碳化3小时,得到银掺杂硬碳材料;
S4、将银掺杂硬碳材料转移旋转的陶瓷管式炉中,加热至300℃,通入浓硝酸蒸汽进行刻蚀3h,得到多孔银掺杂硬碳材料。
实验例1SEM测试
图1为实施例1制备出的多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的SEM图;由图中可以看出,材料呈现颗粒状,表面粗糙,含有少量微孔结构,大小分布合理,粒径介于(10~15)μm之间。
实验例2物化性能及其扣式电池测试
对实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备出的硬碳复合材料进行粒径、振实密度、比表面积、及其比容量测试。
测试方法:按照GB/T 24533-2019《锂离子电池石墨类负极材料》中规定的方法进行测试。
分别将实施例1-3和对比例1-3中所得硬碳复合材料组装成扣式电池A1、A2、A3、B1、B2、B3。扣式电池的制备方法为:在负极材料中添加粘结剂、导电剂及溶剂,进行搅拌制浆,涂覆在铜箔上,经过烘干、碾压制得。所用粘结剂为LA132粘结剂,导电剂SP,负极材料分别为实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备出的负极材料,溶剂为二次蒸馏水,其比例为:负极材料:SP:LA132:二次蒸馏水=95g:1g:4g:220mL,并制备出负极极片;电解液是LiPF6/EC+DEC(体积比1:1,浓度为1.3mol/L),金属锂片为对电极,隔膜采用聚乙烯、聚丙烯或聚乙丙烯复合膜。模拟电池装配在充氩气的手套箱中进行,电化学性能在武汉蓝电CT2001A型电池测试仪上进行,充放电电压范围为0.0V至2.0V,充放电速率为0.1C,同时测试其扣式电池的倍率(2C、0.1C)和循环性能(0.2C/0.2C,200次),测试数据详见表1:
表1实施例1-3及对比例1-3的硬碳复合材料的物化性能及扣式电池测试结果
由表1可以看出,与对比例1-3相比,实施例1-3制备出的硬碳复合材料具有高的比容量和首次效率,说明在硬碳复合材料中包覆掺杂多孔银,显著提升了材料的倍率和循环性能;同时多孔银具有与电解液惰性,提升了材料的首次效率。
实验例3软包电池
以实施例1-3和对比例1-3制备出的硬碳复合材料作为负极材料,并制备出负极极片,以三元材料(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2)为正极,以LiPF6(溶剂为EC+DEC,体积比1:1,浓度1.3mol/L)为电解液,celegard2400为隔膜制备出2Ah软包电池C1、C2、C3和D,即得到三元锂电池。
(1)极片吸液能力,测试结果见表2:
表2实施例1-3及对比例1-3的硬碳负极材料制备出的负极片的吸液能力测试结果
项目 | 吸液速度(mL/min) | 保液率(24h电解液量/0h电解液量) |
实施例1 | 5.8 | 94.1% |
实施例2 | 4.6 | 93.9% |
实施例3 | 4.5 | 93.5% |
对比例1 | 2.2 | 86.1% |
对比例2 | 1.7 | 83.3% |
对比例3 | 2.3 | 87.4 |
由表2可知,实施例1-3中负极电极的吸液保液能力均明显优于对比例,说明本发明中实施例1-3制备的硬碳负极材料具有高的比表面积,提升了负极极片的吸液能力和保液能力。
(2)倍率性能:测试软包电池的倍率性能,充放电电压范围2.75-4.2V,温度25±3.0℃,以1.0C、3.0C、5.0C、10.0C进行充电,以1.0C进行放电,测试结果见表3:
表3实施例1-3及对比例1-3的硬碳复合材料的软包电池倍率性能测试结果
由表3可知,实施例1-3中软包电池的倍率充电性能明显优于对比例,即充电时间较短,分析原因在于:电池充电过程中需要锂离子的迁移,而实施例1-3的多孔银掺杂硬碳负极材料中的负极材料具有高的比表面积及其电子导电率高,从而提升了软包电池的倍率充电性能。
(3)循环性能测试:测试充放电电流2C/2C,电压范围2.8-4.2V,循环次数500次,测试结果见表4:
表4实施例1-3与对比例1-3的硬碳复合材料制备的锂离子电池的循环性能测试结果
项目 | 初始容量保持率(%) | 循环500次保持率(%) |
实施例1 | 100 | 96.02 |
实施例2 | 100 | 95.95 |
实施例3 | 100 | 95.81 |
对比例1 | 100 | 92.22 |
对比例2 | 100 | 91.98 |
对比例3 | 100 | 93.11 |
从表4可以看出,采用实施例1-3所得多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料制备的锂离子电池的循环性能明显优于对比例1-3,说明本发明通过静电纺丝法制备出的硬碳复合材料具有结构稳定、阻抗低等特性,从而降低其内阻和提升循环性能。
以上仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1、向碱性酚醛树脂水溶液中添加无机银化合物、羧甲基壳聚糖、稳定剂,分散均匀,得到纺丝液;
S2、将纺丝液静电纺丝,得到银掺杂纳米纤维;
S3、将银掺杂纳米纤维碳化,得到银掺杂硬碳材料;
S4、将银掺杂硬碳材料用浓硝酸蒸汽刻蚀,得到多孔银掺杂硬碳材料。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱性酚醛树脂与无机银化合物、羧甲基壳聚糖、稳定剂的质量比为100:(1-10):(1-5):(0.5-2)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱性酚醛树脂水溶液的质量浓度为1-10%。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述无机银化合物为硝酸银、碳酸银、硫酸银、氯化银中的一种;
所述稳定剂为三乙醇胺、乙酸、月桂酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、草酸、葡萄糖酸中的一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碳化条件为氩气气氛下温度700-1000℃,碳化时间为1-6h。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述静电纺丝中,注射泵的推进速率为1-10毫升/小时,纺丝针头为0.1-1mm的平针头,高压直流电源为8-30KV,纺丝喷头与滚筒的距离为5-20cm。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料的制备方法,其特征在于,所述刻蚀温度为200-400℃,刻蚀时间为1-6h。
8.一种多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料,其特征在于,由权利要求1-7任意一项所述制备方法制备得到。
9.一种锂离子电池电极,其特征在于,包括权利要求1-7任意一项所述制备方法得到的多孔银掺杂硬碳复合材料。
10.一种锂离子电池,其特征在于,包括权利要求9所述锂离子电池电极。
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CN116443847A (zh) * | 2023-04-18 | 2023-07-18 | 四川坤天新能源科技有限公司 | 一种金属氧化物掺杂硬碳复合材料及其制备方法 |
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