CN115341152A - 一种节镍型-100℃低温钢及其制造方法 - Google Patents
一种节镍型-100℃低温钢及其制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种节镍型‑100℃低温钢,其化学成分按重量百分比计为:C:0.09%~0.13%,Si:0.20%~0.30%,Mn:0.30%~0.80%,Ni:2.8%~3.2%,Mo:0.10%~0.30%,Nb:0.02%~0.06%,Ti:0.02%~0.06%,S≤0.005%,P≤0.008%,余量为Fe和杂质。本发明减少了Ni元素的加入,降低了生产的成本;辅以少量的Mo、Nb、Ti,提高钢的淬透性,细化晶粒。采用转炉+LF+VD精炼,保证了对钢成分和钢中气体含量的精确控制;连铸过程全程保护浇注和板坯缓冷,保证了铸坯的内部质量;控制轧制可以充分发挥微合金元素的作用,保证了初始组织的细化;热处理采用离线正火后空冷+回火后空冷的方式,获得良好的综合机械性能,‑100℃V型缺口冲击功>150J。满足用户的最新需求。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及属于合金钢制造领域,特别涉及一种节镍型-100℃低温钢及其制造方法。
背景技术
3.5Ni钢作为一类重要的镍系低温用钢,最低使用温度-101℃,广泛应用在深冷分离加工、空分、液化气贮藏领域设备的制造,尤其是煤化工项目——CO2吸收塔、H2S吸收塔、H2S浓缩塔、甲醇洗涤塔等低温设备大量采用该类材料制造。如大庆石化总厂48万吨/年乙烯改扩建工程的裂解分离装置、中国石化集团南化公司化工机械厂为南化大化肥生产的30万吨/年合成氨甲醇洗涤塔,为山西化肥厂设计的甲醇捕雾器、吉化集团公司机械有限责任公司制造的30万吨/年合成氨设备中的CO2吸收塔等关键设备全都要用到3.5Ni钢板。
由于3.5Ni钢中的强化元素较少,且需要检验-100℃的KV2冲击性能,为了保证强韧性综合性能,3.5Ni钢普遍采用淬火+回火工艺生产,部分采用正火+回火生产工艺,其正火后也是采用水冷加速冷却。出于使用性能考虑,用户提出急需正火空冷+回火空冷状态的3.5Ni钢。
关于-100℃低温钢的专利,如CN201510506114.8一种高韧性3.5Ni钢板的制备方法;CN201310247915.8一种低温压力容器用钢板及其生产方法;CN201810890978.8一种铸坯生产大厚度08Ni3DR低温容器钢的方法;N201310190291.0一种低温容器用08Ni3DR钢厚板的制造方法。以上专利中的Ni含量均在3.3%以上,热处理多采用淬火+回火,部分采用正火+回火工艺,其正火后也是水冷加速冷却,并不是完全的正火处理。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种节镍型-100℃低温钢及其制造方法,提高钢的淬透性,细化晶粒,具有良好的综合机械性能。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案实现:
一种节镍型-100℃低温钢,其化学成分按重量百分比计为:C:0.09%~0.13%,Si:0.20%~0.30%,Mn:0.30%~0.80%,Ni:2.8%~3.2%,Mo:0.10%~0.30%,Nb:0.02%~0.06%,Ti:0.02%~0.06%,S≤0.005%,P≤0.008%,余量为Fe和杂质。
一种节镍型-100℃低温钢性能指标:屈服强度≥355MPa,抗拉强度490~640MPa,延伸率≥22%,-100℃V型冲击功≥150J,侧膨胀≥1.0mm。
化学元素作用为:
碳:碳是提高钢强度最有效的化学元素,尤其是对于正火钢,要求有一定的碳含量,但是,碳会大幅降低钢的韧性,破坏钢的焊接性能,综合考察,碳含量控制在0.09~0.13%;
硅:硅可以提高钢的强度,但对钢的韧性不利,将其含量控制在0.20~0.30%;
锰:锰能提高钢的强度和韧性,但是锰含量过高时,会促进晶粒长大,产生回火脆性,锰含量应控制在0.30~0.80%;
镍:镍能提高钢的强度,又能使钢获得优异的低温韧性,明显降低钢的冷脆转变温度,但是,镍属于稀缺资源,价格昂贵,综合考虑其对低温韧性的贡献及降低合金成本,将镍含量控制在2.8~3.2%;
钼:钼能使钢的晶粒细化,显著提高钢的淬透性,从而提高钢的强度,抑制钢的回火脆性,改善钢的韧性,其含量控制在0.10~0.30%;
铌:是一种强碳化物形成元素,在钢中形成的NbC、Nb(CN)等第二相质点,可阻止奥氏体晶粒长大,细化晶粒,提高钢的强度和韧性,结合控制轧制,可以充分发挥其细化晶粒的作用,其含量控制在0.02~0.06%;
钛:是一种强烈的碳氮化物形成元素,形成的TiN、Ti(CN)等粒子非常稳定,能有效钉扎晶界,阻止晶粒长大,因而细化晶粒,提高钢材的强度和韧性,但是添加太多容易形成夹杂物,破坏钢的性能,其含量控制在0.02~0.06%;
硫:硫在钢中易形成FeS和MnS夹杂,产生热脆现象,显著降低钢的韧性,因此,应尽量降低钢中的硫含量;
磷:磷在钢中常偏聚于晶界,破坏基体的连续性,显著降低钢的韧性,使焊接性能变坏,易产生冷脆,因此,应尽量降低钢中的磷含量。
一种节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,工艺为:转炉+LF+VD精炼、连铸、板坯缓冷、板坯加热、轧制、正火+回火热处理;其中:
1)轧制工序:采用两阶段控制轧制,一阶段开轧温度≥1050℃,二阶段开轧温度≥900℃,终轧温度830±20℃,轧后空冷;
2)正火+回火热处理:轧制后冷却至室温的钢板进加热炉,在800~860℃保温2~4min/mm正火后空冷,在600~660℃保温4~6min/mm回火后空冷。
所述转炉+LF+VD精炼:LF炉造还原渣脱硫调整成分,钢液在VD真空炉内脱气,保证VD炉的保压时间为15~20min;保证[H]≤2ppm,[O]≤20ppm。
所述连铸工序全程保护浇注。
所述板坯缓冷工艺:连铸坯进缓冷坑缓冷,缓冷时间≥48小时;
所述板坯加热工艺的板坯加热温度1200~1250℃,总在炉时间4~6小时。
与现有的技术相比,本发明的有益效果是:
1)本发明减少了Ni元素的加入,降低了生产的成本;辅以少量的Mo、Nb、Ti,提高钢的淬透性,细化晶粒。Mo元素的加入,改善了钢的淬透性,提高了钢的强度。结合控制轧制,Nb、Ti的加入细化了晶粒,同时提高了钢的强度和韧性。
2)采用转炉+LF+VD精炼,保证了对钢成分和钢中气体含量的精确控制;连铸过程全程保护浇注和板坯缓冷,保证了铸坯的内部质量;控制轧制可以充分发挥微合金元素的作用,保证了初始组织的细化;热处理采用离线正火后空冷+回火后空冷的方式,获得良好的综合机械性能,-100℃V型缺口冲击功>150J。满足用户的最新需求。
附图说明
图1为4%硝酸酒精溶液腐蚀的按实例一的钢板在光学显微镜下的组织照片,钢板微观组织为铁素体+珠光体+贝氏体。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所得到的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
一种节镍型-100℃低温钢,其化学成分按重量百分比计为:C:0.09%~0.13%,Si:0.20%~0.30%,Mn:0.30%~0.80%,Ni:2.8%~3.2%,Mo:0.10%~0.30%,Nb:0.02%~0.06%,Ti:0.02%~0.06%,S≤0.005%,P≤0.008%,余量为Fe和杂质。
一种节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,工艺为:转炉+LF+VD精炼、连铸、板坯缓冷、板坯加热、轧制、正火+回火热处理;具体包括:
1)转炉+LF+VD精炼:LF炉造还原渣脱硫,减少夹杂,调整成分。然后,钢液在VD真空炉内脱气,保证VD炉的保压时间为15-20min。测定H、O含量,保证[H]≤2ppm,[O]≤20ppm;
2)连铸:全程保护浇注,减少连铸过程的二次氧化,降低钢中的夹杂物含量,提高钢的纯净度;
3)板坯缓冷:连铸坯进缓冷坑缓冷,使铸坯中的气体得到充分的扩散排出,最大程度降低铸坯气体含量,缓冷时间≥48小时;
4)板坯加热温度1200~1250℃,总在炉时间4~6小时。
5)轧制:采用两阶段控制轧制,一阶段开轧温度≥1050℃,二阶段开轧温度≥900℃,终轧温度830±20℃,轧后空冷。对于第一阶段高于1050℃的再结晶区轧制,再结晶和变形交替进行,适当提高道次压下率可以保证奥氏体晶粒均匀细化,避免出现混晶;对于高于900℃的未再结晶区轧制,奥氏体晶粒被拉长,在奥氏体晶粒边界Nb、Ti的碳氮化物应变诱导沉淀析出,阻止晶粒长大,并提供了更多的相变形核点,从而细化铁素体晶粒;终轧温度控制在830℃左右是为了避免晶粒长大;
6)正火+回火热处理:将室温钢板进加热炉,在800~860℃保温2~4min/mm正火后空冷,在600~660℃保温4~6min/mm回火后空冷。热处理后,形成微合金强化的均匀细小的P+F组织,保证了钢板同时具有良好的强度和低温韧性的综合力学性能。
实施例钢成分见表1。
表1:节镍型-100℃低温钢化学成分wt%
C | Si | Mn | P | S | Ni | Mo | Nb | Ti | |
实施例一 | 0.092 | 0.23 | 0.75 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 3.15 | 0.15 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
实施例二 | 0.105 | 0.28 | 0.60 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 2.98 | 0.22 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
实施例三 | 0.122 | 0.25 | 0.45 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 2.85 | 0.26 | 0.05 | 0.03 |
实施例四 | 0.095 | 0.23 | 0.70 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 3.05 | 0.10 | 0.03 | 0.05 |
实施例五 | 0.098 | 0.28 | 0.60 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 2.82 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
实施例六 | 0.118 | 0.26 | 0.36 | 0.005 | 0.002 | 3.13 | 0.25 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
实施例一节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,工艺为:转炉+LF+VD精炼、连铸、板坯缓冷、板坯加热、轧制、正火+回火热处理;具体包括:
1)采用100吨氧气顶吹转炉冶炼,吹炼过程中做到碳温协调;
2)LF炉造还原渣脱硫,减少夹杂,调整成分。VD炉的保压时间为18min。测定H、O含量,[H]=1.0ppm,[O]=15ppm;
3)连铸过程全程保护浇注,铸坯规格250mm;
4)板坯进缓冷坑缓冷,缓冷50小时;
5)板坯加热温度1230℃,总在炉时间5小时;
6)两阶段控制轧制,一阶段开轧温度1100℃,二阶段开轧温度920℃,终轧温度810℃,钢板厚度30mm,空冷;
7)热处理:将室温钢板进加热炉,在850℃保温2min/mm正火空冷,在640℃保温4min/mm回火空冷。
实施例二节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,工艺为:转炉+LF+VD精炼、连铸、板坯缓冷、板坯加热、轧制、正火+回火热处理;具体包括:
1)采用100吨氧气顶吹转炉冶炼,吹炼过程中做到碳温协调;
2)LF炉造还原渣脱硫,减少夹杂,调整成分。VD炉的保压时间为18min。测定H、O含量,[H]=1.2ppm,[O]=16ppm;
3)连铸过程全程保护浇注,铸坯规格300mm;
4)板坯进缓冷坑缓冷,缓冷55小时;
5)板坯加热温度1220℃,总在炉时间5.5小时。
6)两阶段控制轧制,一阶段开轧温度1080℃,二阶段开轧温度900℃,终轧温度830℃,钢板厚度40mm,空冷;
7)热处理:将室温钢板进加热炉,在830℃保温4min/mm正火空冷,在600℃保温6min/mm回火空冷。
实施例三节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,工艺为:转炉+LF+VD精炼、连铸、板坯缓冷、板坯加热、轧制、正火+回火热处理;具体包括:
1)采用100吨氧气顶吹转炉冶炼,吹炼过程中做到碳温协调;
2)LF炉造还原渣脱硫,减少夹杂,调整成分。VD炉的保压时间为20min。测定H、O含量,[H]=1.2ppm,[O]=16ppm;
3)连铸过程全程保护浇注,铸坯规格350mm;
4)板坯进缓冷坑缓冷,缓冷50小时;
5)板坯加热温度1220℃,总在炉时间5小时。
6)两阶段控制轧制,一阶段开轧温度1050℃,二阶段开轧温度920℃,终轧温度840℃,钢板厚度50mm,空冷;
7)热处理:将室温钢板进加热炉,在850℃保温3min/mm正火空冷,在620℃保温5min/mm回火空冷。
实施例四节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,工艺为:转炉+LF+VD精炼、连铸、板坯缓冷、板坯加热、轧制、正火+回火热处理;具体包括:
1)采用100吨氧气顶吹转炉冶炼,吹炼过程中做到碳温协调;
2)LF炉造还原渣脱硫,减少夹杂,调整成分。VD炉的保压时间为18min。测定H、O含量,[H]=1.0ppm,[O]=15ppm;
3)连铸过程全程保护浇注,铸坯规格250mm;
4)板坯进缓冷坑缓冷,缓冷48小时;
5)板坯加热温度1230℃,总在炉时间4.5小时。
6)两阶段控制轧制,一阶段开轧温度1060℃,二阶段开轧温度930℃,终轧温度830℃,钢板厚度20mm,空冷;
7)热处理:将室温钢板进加热炉,在830℃保温2min/mm正火空冷,在620℃保温4min/mm回火空冷。
实施例五节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,工艺为:转炉+LF+VD精炼、连铸、板坯缓冷、板坯加热、轧制、正火+回火热处理;具体包括:
1)采用100吨氧气顶吹转炉冶炼,吹炼过程中做到碳温协调;
2)LF炉造还原渣脱硫,减少夹杂,调整成分。VD炉的保压时间为18min。测定H、O含量,[H]=1.2ppm,[O]=16ppm;
3)连铸过程全程保护浇注,铸坯规格300mm;
4)板坯进缓冷坑缓冷,缓冷52小时;
5)板坯加热温度1210℃,总在炉时间5.5小时。
6)两阶段控制轧制,一阶段开轧温度1070℃,二阶段开轧温度910℃,终轧温度850℃,钢板厚度23mm,空冷;
7)热处理:将室温钢板进加热炉,在820℃保温3min/mm正火空冷,在600℃保温6min/mm回火空冷。
实施例六节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,工艺为:转炉+LF+VD精炼、连铸、板坯缓冷、板坯加热、轧制、正火+回火热处理;具体包括:
1)采用100吨氧气顶吹转炉冶炼,吹炼过程中做到碳温协调;
2)LF炉造还原渣脱硫,减少夹杂,调整成分。VD炉的保压时间为20min。测定H、O含量,[H]=1.2ppm,[O]=16ppm;
3)连铸过程全程保护浇注,铸坯规格350mm;
4)板坯进缓冷坑缓冷,缓冷50小时;
5)板坯加热温度1200℃,总在炉时间5小时。
6)两阶段控制轧制,一阶段开轧温度1070℃,二阶段开轧温度920℃,终轧温度840℃,钢板厚度26mm,空冷;
7)热处理:将室温钢板进加热炉,在810℃保温3min/mm正火空冷,在620℃保温5min/mm回火空冷。
实施例钢板性能见表2。
表2:节镍型-100℃低温钢性能
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例子,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和基本精神的情况下对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变形,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。
Claims (7)
1.一种节镍型-100℃低温钢,其特征在于,其化学成分按重量百分比计为:C:0.09%~0.13%,Si:0.20%~0.30%,Mn:0.30%~0.80%,Ni:2.8%~3.2%,Mo:0.10%~0.30%,Nb:0.02%~0.06%,Ti:0.02%~0.06%,S≤0.005%,P≤0.008%,余量为Fe和杂质。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种节镍型-100℃低温钢,其特征在于,性能指标:屈服强度≥355MPa,抗拉强度490~640MPa,延伸率≥22%;-100℃V型冲击功≥150J,侧膨胀≥1.0mm。
3.一种根据权利要求1所述的节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,其特征在于,工艺为:转炉+LF+VD精炼、连铸、板坯缓冷、板坯加热、轧制、正火+回火热处理;其中:
1)轧制工序:采用两阶段控制轧制,一阶段开轧温度≥1050℃,二阶段开轧温度≥900℃,终轧温度830±20℃,轧后空冷;
2)正火+回火热处理:轧制后冷却至室温的钢板进加热炉,在800~860℃保温2~4min/mm正火后空冷,在600~660℃保温4~6min/mm回火后空冷。
4.根据权利要求3所述的节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,其特征在于,所述转炉+LF+VD精炼:LF炉造还原渣脱硫调整成分,钢液在VD真空炉内脱气,保证VD炉的保压时间为15~20min;保证[H]≤2ppm,[O]≤20ppm。
5.根据权利要求3所述的节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,其特征在于,所述连铸工序全程保护浇注。
6.根据权利要求3所述的节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,其特征在于,所述板坯缓冷工艺为:连铸坯进缓冷坑缓冷,缓冷时间≥48小时。
7.根据权利要求3所述的节镍型-100℃低温钢的制造方法,其特征在于,所述板坯加热工艺的板坯加热温度1200~1250℃,总在炉时间4~6小时。
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