CN115340892A - 一种复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油及制备方法 - Google Patents

一种复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油及制备方法 Download PDF

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CN115340892A
CN115340892A CN202110538174.3A CN202110538174A CN115340892A CN 115340892 A CN115340892 A CN 115340892A CN 202110538174 A CN202110538174 A CN 202110538174A CN 115340892 A CN115340892 A CN 115340892A
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oil
fuel oil
coal
coal tar
composite surfactant
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王彦宗
宋运涛
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Beijing Tianni Biotechnology Co ltd
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Beijing Tianni Biotechnology Co ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
    • C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/106—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives mixtures of inorganic compounds with organic macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)

Abstract

本发明属于大型船舶、军舰、航母和锅炉使用的节能环保燃料，是实现节能环保和碳达锋的优质项目，是使用复合型表面活性剂乳化的含有水上油和煤柴油的船用燃料油及其制备方法。解决了添加煤焦油调合成的船用燃料油后，燃烧时雾化更加困难、燃烧不完全更为突出、结焦现象更加严重、有效热效率偏低更加明显和污染排放更加超标等问题。扩大煤焦油应用范围，降低了船用燃料成本。燃烧时产生二次微爆和水煤气反应，油粒变小，与空气接触比表面积增大，燃烧迅速，火焰增强，热值转换率提高。

Description

一种复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油及制备方法
技术领域
本发明属于船用燃料油，是一种复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油及制备方法。
背景技术
国家船用燃料油GB17411-2015标准，分为船用馏分和残渣型燃料油两类；船用残渣型燃料油用于国际船运、沿海、沿江、军舰和航母等大型船舶燃料。
燃料油也称重油和渣油，是原油提取汽油、柴油等轻质油后剩余的残渣，分子量大、黏度高，比重0.82～0.95，热值10000～11000kcal/kg，主要成分碳氢化合物，少量硫黄和微量无机化合物。
我国产煤量大，煤制油是战略燃料；在调合船用残渣型燃料油时，为减少成本和寻找替代产品添加了水上油和煤柴油等煤焦油。
煤焦油又称煤膏，是煤干馏过程中得到的一种黑色或黑褐色粘稠状液体，具有特殊臭味，可燃。中温煤焦油静置分层，密度小于1的产品称为水上油，密度0.95-0.96，从密度、粘度、机械杂质和灰分等指标性价比较高。中温煤焦油静置分层后，密度大于1的水下中温煤焦油再经过二次处理得到煤柴油，密度1.03-1.04。
添加水上油和煤柴油调合成的船用残渣型燃料油，燃烧时雾化更加困难，燃烧不完全更加突出，结焦现象更加严重，有效热效率偏低更加明显，污染排放更加严重。
发明内容
为了克服现有的不足，发明了一种用复合型表面活性剂乳化含有水上油和煤柴油为原料调合成的船用残渣型燃料油及制备方法。
复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油中的复合型表面活性剂，包括离子型、非离子型、生物和助表面活性剂等组分。
复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油中的船用煤焦燃料油，是有主料渣油、沥青、油浆以及辅料页岩油、水上油和煤柴油调合而成。
复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油中的乳化方法，是将含有水上油和煤柴油的船用残渣燃料油、水和复合型表面活性剂等进行混合后，利用研磨、剪切和均质设备，进行加工配制成船用含水上油和煤柴油的残渣燃料油。
复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油中油是连续相、水是分散相；水的沸点低于油的沸点温度急剧升高时水先沸腾汽化体积在万分之一秒增大1500倍左右，水膨胀压力超过油表面张力及环境压力之和时水蒸气冲破油膜束缚相当于极小的爆炸，形成二次雾化，使油滴分成细小的颗粒细与空气接触的总比表面增加10000倍左右，燃烧室内空气与油气分布更均匀，温度场更均匀，燃烧速度加快，后燃现象减少，避免了燃烧区局部温度过高，削弱了油的热分解，使油燃烧更加充分，从而减少了不完全燃烧和排烟损失，提高了燃烧效率；水在高温条件下汽化，与碳粒接触发生水煤气反应，方程式C+H2O→CO+H2、C+2H2O→CO2+2H2、CO+H2O→CO2+H2、2H2+O2→2H2O。水煤气反应使CO和碳粒以CO2形式排出，消除黑烟。
具体实施方式
配制含水上油和煤柴油的船用残渣型燃料油，配方一：44％渣油、36％水上油和20％煤柴油；配方二：40％页岩油、33％水上油、27％煤柴油；配方三：46％沥青、30％水上油、24％煤柴油。
乳化含有水上油和煤柴油的船用残渣型燃料油制备工艺：将0.3％复合型表面活性剂和20％水混合搅拌制成乳化液，加热50℃放置容器中。然后将79.7％含有水上油和煤柴油的船用残渣型燃料油加热50℃后加入放有乳化液容器中，用研磨、剪切和均质设备进行加工，制成复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油。

Claims (5)

1.一种复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油及制备方法。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油及制备方法，复合型表面活性剂包括离子型、非离子型、生物和助表面活性剂等组分。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油及制备方法，船用煤焦燃料油是有主料渣油、沥青、油浆，以及辅料页岩油、水上油和煤柴油调合而成，水上油和煤柴油统称为煤焦油。
4.根据权利要求1、2和3所述的一种复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油及制备方法，调合船用煤焦燃料油配方一：44％渣油、36％水上油和20％煤柴油；配方二：40％页岩油、33％水上油、27％煤柴油；配方三：46％沥青、30％水上油、24％煤柴油。
5.根据权利要求1、2、3和4所述的复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油的制备方法，是将0.3％复合型表面活性剂和20％水混合搅拌制成乳化液，加热50℃放置容器中；然后将79.7％用煤焦油调合成的船用燃料油加热50℃后，放入盛有乳化液容器中，用研磨、剪切和均质设备进行加工，制成复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油。
CN202110538174.3A 2021-05-13 2021-05-13 一种复合型表面活性剂乳化船用煤焦燃料油及制备方法 Pending CN115340892A (zh)

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