CN114958441A - 一种船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN114958441A CN114958441A CN202110248373.0A CN202110248373A CN114958441A CN 114958441 A CN114958441 A CN 114958441A CN 202110248373 A CN202110248373 A CN 202110248373A CN 114958441 A CN114958441 A CN 114958441A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/32—Liquid carbonaceous fuels consisting of coal-oil suspensions or aqueous emulsions or oil emulsions
- C10L1/328—Oil emulsions containing water or any other hydrophilic phase
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/24—Mixing, stirring of fuel components
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/28—Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
Abstract
本发明属于石油产品,是一种船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备方法。本发明的燃料油燃烧时,可产生微爆,将乳化的燃料油二次雾化成细小油颗粒,使其与空气接触比表面积成倍提高,克服燃料油粘度对雾化影响,使燃烧速度加快,火焰强度提高;同时水蒸气在高温下与碳发生水煤气反应,提高燃料油热值有效转换效率,降低燃料实际消耗和成本,控制烟气中污染物质或气体的排放,保护大气环境。是一项具有深远社会和经济效益节能环保产品。广泛用于大型船舶、锅炉、军用舰艇和航母燃料。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于石油产品,是一种船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备工艺和方法。
背景技术
重油也称渣油和燃料油,是原油提取汽油和柴油等轻质油后剩余重质油,特点分子量大,黏度高,比重一般在0.82~0.95,热值在10000~11000kcal/kg,主要成分碳氢化合物,少量硫黄和无机化合物。
燃料油在我国能源结构中有重要地位,是冶金、建材、化工、轻纺、电力和航运等行业重要燃料。随着全球贸易发展,船用燃料油消耗量逐年增加,2019年全球需求超过2亿t/a。
2015年国家质量监督检验检疫总局和国家标准化管理委员会【GB17411-2015】标准规定船用燃料油分为馏分和残渣型船用燃料两类。馏分型燃料主要用在高速和中速柴油机上,或用于船舶辅机发电。残渣型燃料包括船用残渣燃料油RMD80、RME180、RMG380等,主要用于低速柴油机。船用燃料油根据50℃2时运动粘度差异分为180CST、380CST、500CST等,主要用在国际运输船舶,沿海、江河中运输较大船型上,发动机马力大要求粘度高,最高可达700CST。180CST、380CST是市场上主流品种。
现在市场应用船用残渣燃料油分为内贸和保税船用残渣燃料油。内贸船用残渣燃料油主要是以炼油企业生产渣油、油浆或蜡油等为主料,经调合企业配以页岩油、水上油、煤柴和芳烃塔底等辅料,经过加工调合成为船用残渣燃料油,有内贸供油商供应给内贸船。保税船用残渣燃料油,是炼厂直接生产的船用残渣燃料油,在出口监管仓中,经保税供油企业供应给外贸船。
国际海事组织海上环境保护委员会第70届会议决定,自2020年1月1日起实施船用燃油硫含量不超过0.50%m/m规定,并出台《国际防止船舶造成污染公约》修正案、导则和通函。
现在使用的船用残渣燃料油,存在难以充分雾化和燃烧,结焦现象,热效率偏低,污染排放超标。解决燃料油不节能和不环保是当今重点和难点。
发明内容
为了克服现有不足,本发明提供一种船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备方法。
本发明船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备方法,其包括船用残渣燃料油、水和乳化剂三部分,利用研磨、剪切和均质等调合乳化技术制备工艺,生产船用含水乳化残渣燃料油。
船用含水乳化残渣燃料油燃烧产生微爆效应,将燃料油颗粒二次雾化成细小油颗粒,使油颗粒与空气接触比表面积成倍提高,克服燃料油粘度对雾化影响,使燃烧速度加快,火焰强度提高。同时水蒸气在高温下与碳发生水煤气反应,相应提高燃料油热值有效转换效率,降低燃料实际消耗和成本,控制烟气中污染物质或气体排放,保护大气环境。
船用含水乳化残渣燃料油的稳定性,与残渣燃料油,水、水的加入量和粒径,以及乳化剂性质等有关。以亲油亲水平衡值(HLB)和不同表面活性剂间的协同效应为原则,对船用残渣燃料油乳化进行设计和配置,对乳化工艺条件及其稳定性进行控制,制成稳定的船用含水乳化残渣燃料油。
船用含水乳化残渣燃料油中船用残渣燃料油是连续相,水是分散相,成为油包水型乳状液。水的沸点低于船用残渣燃料油的沸点,温度急剧升高时水先沸腾汽化,体积在万分之一秒增大1500倍。水膨胀压力超过油表面张力及环境压力之和时,水蒸气冲破油膜束缚,形成极小爆炸,产生二次雾化,使油滴分成细小颗粒,细小油颗粒与空气接触总比表面增加10000倍,燃烧室内空气与油气分布均匀,温度场更加均匀,燃烧速度加快,后燃现象减少,避免燃烧区局部温度过高,削弱油热分解,使油燃烧更加充分,减少不完全燃烧和排烟损失,提高燃烧效率,达到节能效果。
船用含水乳化残渣燃料油在燃烧时发生水煤气反应,燃料油中的水在高温条件下汽化,与碳粒接触发生水煤气反应,方程式C+H2O→CO+H2、C+2H2O→CO2+2H2、CO+H2O→CO2+H2、2H2+O2→2H2O。水煤气反应使CO和碳粒以CO2形式排出,消除黑烟,达到环保效果。
具体实施方式
船用残渣燃料油为2015年12月31日国家质量监督检验检疫总局、国家标准化管理委员会颁布船用燃料油【GB17411-2015】标准规定的船用残渣燃料油。水为符合国家标准城市自来水。乳化剂为船用残渣燃料油乳化剂及制备工艺制成的乳化剂。
船用含水乳化残渣燃料油制备工艺,首先把0.28-0.32%乳化剂和19-22%水混合搅拌制成乳化液,加热50℃放置容器中。然后将75-85%船用残渣燃料油加热50℃后加入乳化液,经过研磨、剪切和均质乳化设备进行加工,制成船用含水乳化残渣燃料油。或者用乳化设备进行调合加工。
Claims (6)
1.一种船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备方法,其利用研磨、剪切和均质等工艺技术,将船用残渣燃料油、水和乳化剂等进行调合乳化,制备成船用含水乳化残渣燃料油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备方法,船用残渣燃料油是指2015年12月31日国家质量监督检验检疫总局、国家标准化管理委员会颁布船用燃料油【GB17411-2015】的船用残渣燃料油。水为符合国家标准的城市自来水。乳化剂为具有船用残渣燃料油乳化作用的乳化剂。
3.根据权利要求1所述的船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备方法,研磨、剪切和均质等调合乳化技术包括船用含水乳化残渣燃料油智能水陆两用制造方舱、船用含水乳化残渣燃料油制造设备,以及一系列燃料油乳化设备产品。
4.根据权利要求1所述的船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备方法,含水乳化残渣燃料油燃烧时会产生二次微爆的物理作用和水煤气反应的化学作用等,能达到节能和降污的目的燃料油。
5.根据权利要求1、2、3和4所述的船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备方法,船用含水乳化残渣燃料油重量组分为船用残渣燃料油或者重油75-85%,水19-22%,乳化剂0.28-0.32%。
6.根据权利要求1、2、3、4和5所述的船用含水乳化残渣燃料油及制备方法,制备工艺为船用残渣燃料油、水和乳化剂按照一定配比,使用燃料油乳化设备,进行调合乳化制成船用含水乳化残渣燃料油。
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CN115477965A (zh) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-12-16 | 兖矿水煤浆气化及煤化工国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 一种重质燃料油及其制备方法 |
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CN115477965A (zh) * | 2022-09-27 | 2022-12-16 | 兖矿水煤浆气化及煤化工国家工程研究中心有限公司 | 一种重质燃料油及其制备方法 |
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