CN115340891A - 一种乳化用渣油煤焦油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂 - Google Patents

一种乳化用渣油煤焦油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂 Download PDF

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CN115340891A
CN115340891A CN202110538175.8A CN202110538175A CN115340891A CN 115340891 A CN115340891 A CN 115340891A CN 202110538175 A CN202110538175 A CN 202110538175A CN 115340891 A CN115340891 A CN 115340891A
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王彦宗
宋运涛
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Beijing Tianni Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明涉及表面活性剂、胶体与界面化学、物理化学、应用化学和化学等，是一种乳化用渣油、水上油和煤柴油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂及制备工艺。此乳化剂既能降低石油基的燃料油与水，又能降低煤焦油与水的界面张力和能量，从而提高热力学不稳定分散体系的稳定性。乳化的燃料油，燃烧时产生二次微爆，雾化成细小的油颗粒，使其与空气接触比表面积提高，同时水蒸气在高温下与碳发生水煤气反应，提高燃料油热值有效转换效率，降低燃料实际消耗和成本，控制烟气中污染物质或气体的排放，保护大气环境。是一项具有深远社会和经济效益节能环保技术，也是实现碳达锋的优质产品。主要用于船用残渣燃料油和锅炉燃料油的乳化行业。

Description

一种乳化用渣油煤焦油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂
技术领域
本发明涉及化学、应用化学、物理化学、胶体与界面化学和表面活性剂(也称乳化剂)等，是一种乳化用渣油、水上油和煤柴油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂。
背景技术
2015年12月31日国家质量监督检验检疫总局和国家标准化管理委员会颁布船用燃料油标准，分为馏分和残渣型船用燃料油两类；船用残渣燃料油根据50℃时运动粘度分为180CST、380CST、500CST，主要用于国际、沿海和沿江运输大型船舶，发动机马力越大粘度要求越高。
燃料油也称重油、渣油，是原油提取汽油和柴油等轻质油后剩余的重质油，其特点分子量大、黏度高，比重在0.82～0.95，热值在10000～11000kcal/kg，成分有碳氢化合物、少量硫黄和微量无机化合物。
我国是产煤大国，煤焦油(水上油和煤柴油)是战略燃料；为推广煤焦油，降低成本，在调合船用残渣型燃料油时添加了水上油和煤柴油。
用渣油、水上油和煤柴油调合成的燃料油，燃烧时充分雾化更加困难，燃烧不完全更为突出，结焦现象更加严重，有效热效率偏低更加明显，污染排放更加超标。
乳化后的燃料油，燃烧时可产生二次微爆和雾化、水煤气反应，使乳化燃料油燃烧充分，碳和有害气体排放减少，达到节能环保。
以前的乳化剂，只能乳化用柴油和页岩油等石油级产品调合的燃料油，而不能对用煤焦油调合的燃料油进行乳化，存在油水分层、储存时间短、稳定性差和节油率不高等问题。
发明内容
为了克服现有问题，本发明了提供一种乳化用渣油、水上油和煤柴油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂及制备工艺。
油和水形成的分散体系，由于界面张力和能的存在为热力学不稳定体系；为提高稳定性，需加入第三组分乳化剂；乳化剂是表面活性物质，具有亲油亲水基，聚集在油水界面上可降低张力和能量。
以表面活性剂的亲油亲水平衡值(HLB)和相互之间协同作用，对乳化剂进行复配和制备工艺改进。
表面活性剂的HLB值越小表示亲油性越强，4-7之间可形成油包水型燃料油。
复合型表面活性剂，包括离子型、非离子型、生物和助表面活性剂，其中离子型表面活性剂包括脂肪醇乙烯醚硫酸钠、烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠；非离子型表面活性剂包括聚氧乙烯醚和聚山梨酯；生物表面活性剂为海澡酸钠；助表面活性剂包括水、氢氧化钾、高锰酸钾、氯化钙和氯化钠等。
具体实施方式
表面活性剂复合方剂重量百分比组成：脂肪醇乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)0.09～0.2％，烷基苯磺酸钠0.06～0.18％，十二烷基磺酸钠0.8～1.2％；聚氧乙烯醚0.6～0.2％，聚山梨酯0.1～0.15％，海澡酸钠1.2～2.0％；水70～72％，氢氧化钾11.5～18％，高锰酸钾0.6～0.80％，氯化钙10～16％，氯化钠0.8～1.0％。
表面活性剂复合方剂制备工艺：第一步将水和氯化钠按比例制成电解质溶液，在容器中搅拌混均，静置30分钟；第二步将氢氧化钾、高锰酸钾、氯化钙和电解质溶液按比例放置容器中搅拌混均，静置30分钟；第三步将聚山梨酯、十二烷基磺酸钠、烷基苯磺酸钠和电解质溶液按比例放置容器中搅拌混均，静置30分钟；第四步将海藻酸钠、脂肪醇乙烯醚硫酸钠、聚氧乙烯醚和电解质溶液按比例放置容器中，搅拌混均，静置30分钟；最后分别将第二步到第四步制成的混合液倒入一种容器内，搅拌混均，静置60分钟，配制成乳化用渣油、水上油和煤柴油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂。

Claims (5)

1.一种乳化用渣油煤焦油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂，包括离子型、非离子型、生物和助表面活性剂，以及其制备工艺；调合燃料油组分由渣油、水上油和煤柴油组成，渣油又称重油和燃料油，水上油和煤柴油统称为煤焦油；用复合型表面活性剂乳化成的燃料油称为乳化燃料油。
2.根据权利要求1所述的乳化用渣油煤焦油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂，复合型表面活性剂包括离子型、非离子型、生物和助表面活性剂，其中离子型表面活性剂包括脂肪醇乙烯醚硫酸钠、烷基苯磺酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠；非离子型表面活性剂包括聚氧乙烯醚和聚山梨酯；生物表面活性剂为海澡酸钠；助表面活性剂包括水、氢氧化钾、高锰酸钾、氯化钙和氯化钠等。
3.根据权利要求1所述的乳化用渣油煤焦油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂，乳化燃料油组分中的渣油、水上油、煤柴油和水的量、产地和性质不同，表面活性剂量和HLB值配比会不同，科学配比和协同应用可使乳化燃料油达到较好的相容性和稳定性。
4.根据权利要求1、2和3所述的乳化用渣油煤焦油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂，其配方重量百分比组成包括：脂肪醇乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)0.09～0.2％，烷基苯磺酸钠0.06～0.18％，十二烷基磺酸钠0.8～1.2％；聚氧乙烯醚0.6～0.2％，聚山梨酯0.1～0.15％，海澡酸钠1.2～2.0％；水70～72％，氢氧化钾11.5～18％，高锰酸钾0.6～0.80％，氯化钙10～16％，氯化钠0.8～1.0％。
5.根据权利要求1、2、3和4所述的乳化用渣油煤焦油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂制备工艺：第一步将水和氯化钠按比例制成电解质溶液，在容器中搅拌混均，静置30分钟；第二步将氢氧化钾、高锰酸钾、氯化钙和电解质溶液按比例放置容器中搅拌混均，静置30分钟；第三步将聚山梨酯、十二烷基磺酸钠、烷基苯磺酸钠和电解质溶液按比例放置容器中搅拌混均，静置30分钟；第四步将海藻酸钠、脂肪醇乙烯醚硫酸钠、聚氧乙烯醚和电解质溶液按比例放置容器中，搅拌混均，静置30分钟；最后分别将第二步到第四步制成的混合液倒入一种容器内，搅拌混均，静置60分钟，配制成乳化用渣油、水上油和煤柴油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂。
CN202110538175.8A 2021-05-13 2021-05-13 一种乳化用渣油煤焦油调合成燃料油的复合型表面活性剂 Pending CN115340891A (zh)

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