CN115332788B - Low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna - Google Patents
Low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN115332788B CN115332788B CN202210980426.2A CN202210980426A CN115332788B CN 115332788 B CN115332788 B CN 115332788B CN 202210980426 A CN202210980426 A CN 202210980426A CN 115332788 B CN115332788 B CN 115332788B
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 78
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna, which comprises a broadband feed source, a partial reflection coating, a total reflection metal plate and a support column, wherein the broadband feed source is arranged on the support column; the broadband feed source is a Vivaldi antenna or a dipole antenna or other broadband microwave feed sources, the partial reflection coating is a dielectric substrate of a double-sided printing periodic resonance unit, and the broadband feed source is characterized in that the partial reflection coating consists of a lower surface periodic resonance unit, a middle dielectric layer and an upper surface periodic resonance unit, and the upper surface periodic resonance unit and the lower surface periodic resonance unit are in a slotted structure form on a metal plate. The support column consists of four nylon columns. The invention has the advantages of three-frequency operation, flat high gain, low profile and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and relates to a three-frequency resonant cavity antenna. The three-frequency Fabry-Perot resonant cavity has the advantages that the three-frequency flat high-gain performance is realized, the height is lower than that of a conventional three-frequency Fabry-Perot resonant cavity, and the structure is compact.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, the performance requirements on the antenna are higher and higher, and not only are the requirements on low profile, high gain and the like required by the antenna, but also the antenna structure is required to be as simple and compact as possible, so that the antenna can realize long-distance communication. The high directional characteristic of the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna, in particular, the characteristic that the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna does not need a complex feed network, makes the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna widely applied. The resonant cavity antenna is generally composed of two flat reflecting surfaces and a microwave feed source, wherein one flat reflecting surface is a total reflection metal reflecting surface, the other flat reflecting surface is a partial reflecting surface, a small amount of electromagnetic waves are allowed to pass through, the microwave feed source is generally an antenna such as a dipole, a microstrip antenna and a waveguide, when the electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed source are reflected between the two reflecting surfaces for multiple times and the transmitted electromagnetic waves are in phase each time, the resonant cavity antenna can form in-phase superposition at the normal direction of an antenna port surface, and the gain of the antenna is greatly improved.
In order to meet new requirements of wireless communication technology, the resonant cavity antenna is required to further realize multifrequency on the basis of high gain. At present, only a dual-frequency high-gain Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna is realized by adopting a multi-layer dielectric substrate or a multi-layer frequency selective surface, the structure is complex, the antenna section is high, and the application of the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna in the rapidly-developed multi-channel microwave communication field is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: a resonant cavity antenna with low profile, three-frequency operation, high directional radiation and consistent gain rise amplitude of three frequency points is provided. The resonant cavity antenna has low cost and does not need a complex feed network.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna comprises a broadband feed source, a total reflection metal plate, a partial reflection coating and a support column; the broadband feed source is sunk below the total reflection metal plate, the periphery and the bottom end of the broadband feed source are sealed by the metal plate, and the top end of the broadband feed source is open and coplanar with the total reflection metal plate; the partial reflection coating is positioned above the total reflection metal plate and consists of a dielectric substrate, a periodic resonance unit I printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and a periodic resonance unit II printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the surface currents of the periodic resonance unit I and the periodic resonance unit II show common mode resonance or differential mode resonance at different frequencies; the support column is used for supporting and connecting the dielectric substrate and the total reflection metal plate, and a resonant cavity is formed by the space between the total reflection metal plate and the partial reflection coating.
In one embodiment, the broadband feed is a Vivaldi antenna or a dipole antenna or other broadband microwave feed.
In one embodiment, the radiation port surface of the broadband feed source is positioned on the plane of the total reflection metal plate, the broadband feed source is arranged in a cavity body with four sides and the bottom end being sealed by the metal plate, and the energy of the broadband feed source is completely led into the resonant cavity through the top end opening port surface in a metal shielding mode.
In one embodiment, the periodic resonant unit I and the periodic resonant unit II are both in the form of grooves formed in a metal plate.
In one embodiment, the first periodic resonance unit and the second periodic resonance unit are metal foils with linear slot structures, the metal foils of the first periodic resonance unit are in complete contact, the metal foils of the second periodic resonance unit are distributed at equal intervals along the x axis and the y axis, and the shapes and the sizes of the metal foils are the same.
In one embodiment, the metal foil of the first periodic resonant unit corresponds to the metal foil of the second periodic resonant unit in a one-to-one projection.
In one embodiment, the linear slot structure is an "H" type structure or a "back" type structure.
In one embodiment, the dielectric substrate has a relative dielectric constant between 2 and 6, and the dielectric substrate has the same size as the shape of the total reflection metal plate.
In one embodiment, the support columns are composed of four nylon columns respectively located at four corners of the total reflection metal plate, the upper end of each nylon column is connected with the medium substrate, and the lower end of each nylon column is connected with the total reflection metal plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention is a resonant cavity formed by a single-layer dielectric substrate, two layers of frequency selective surfaces and a total reflection metal plate, wherein the two layers of frequency selective surfaces are a periodic resonant unit I and a periodic resonant unit II respectively.
Because the periodic resonance unit used in the invention is composed of the periodic resonance unit I and the periodic resonance unit II, the surface currents of the two units show common mode resonance or differential mode resonance at different frequencies and have the characteristic of multi-frequency resonance, when the periodic resonance unit is used as a basic structure of the partial reflection coating, the partial reflection coating can form an integral number of 2 pi at the reflection phases of a plurality of frequency points and the propagation paths in the cavity, thereby realizing the in-phase superposition of the normal direction of the antenna and realizing the three-frequency high-gain characteristic.
3, as the reflection coefficient amplitude and the phase of the resonance of the partial reflection coating used in the invention are obvious along with the change rule of the periodical unit size, the adjustability is high, the reflection coefficient amplitude and the phase of three working frequency points can be flexibly controlled, the gain of the coating can be consistently improved at the three frequency points, and the antenna can obtain the same gain improvement at different frequency points.
Drawings
The specific structure and electrical properties of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mirror image model of a partially reflective coating of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view (partially in cross-section) of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a graph showing the results of simulation experiments on the reflection coefficient characteristics of a partially reflective coating and a mirror image structure of the partially reflective coating.
Fig. 5 is a diagram of simulation experiment results of voltage standing wave ratio of a feed source port.
Fig. 6 is a gain spectrum diagram of the antenna and feed normal of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is a radiation pattern at 7.7GHz for a triple-frequency cavity antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a radiation pattern of the triple-frequency cavity antenna of the present invention at 9.5 GHz.
Fig. 9 is a radiation pattern at 11GHz for a triple-frequency cavity antenna of the present invention.
The device comprises a 1-broadband feed source, a 2-total reflection metal plate, a 3-partial reflection coating, a 31-periodic resonance unit I, a 32-medium substrate, a 33-periodic resonance unit II and a 4-support column.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below.
The invention relates to a low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna, referring to figures 1 to 3, which mainly comprises a broadband feed source 1, a total reflection metal plate 2, a partial reflection coating 3 and a support column 4; the broadband feed source 1 is sunk below the total reflection metal plate 2, the periphery and the bottom end of the broadband feed source are sealed by metal plates, and the top end of the broadband feed source is open and coplanar with the total reflection metal plate 2. By way of example, the broadband feed 1 may be a Vivaldi antenna or a dipole antenna or other broadband microwave feed. The partial reflection coating 3 is a dielectric substrate with periodic resonant units printed on two sides, and consists of a dielectric substrate 32, a periodic resonant unit I31 printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and a periodic resonant unit II 33 printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the metal foil of the periodic resonant unit I31 and the surface current of the periodic resonant unit II 32 show common mode resonance or differential mode resonance at different frequencies. Illustratively, the two are in the form of grooves on a metal plate, and are printed on a medium substrate 32, and a part of the reflective coating 3 is integrally positioned above the total reflection metal plate 2, and an air layer is arranged between the two; the support column 4 supports and connects the dielectric substrate 32 and the total reflection metal plate 2, and the space between the total reflection metal plate 2 and the partial reflection coating 3 constitutes a resonant cavity. Illustratively, the support columns 4 are composed of four nylon columns, which are respectively located at four corners of the total reflection metal plate 2, the upper end of each nylon column is connected with the dielectric substrate 32, and the lower end of each nylon column is connected with the total reflection metal plate 2.
In the invention, the broadband feed source 1 is in a form of sinking below the total reflection metal plate, the radiation opening surface of the broadband feed source 1 is positioned on the plane of the total reflection metal plate 2, the broadband feed source 1 is arranged in a cavity with four sides and the bottom end being sealed by the metal plate, and the energy of the broadband feed source is completely led into the resonant cavity through the top end opening surface in a metal shielding mode.
The dielectric substrate 32 is located above the total reflection metal plate 2, the relative dielectric constant is between 2 and 6, and the size of the dielectric substrate 32 is the same as that of the total reflection metal plate 2.
The first periodic resonant unit 31 and the second periodic resonant unit 33 are completely identical in structural dimension and are distributed at equal intervals along the x-axis and the y-axis. Illustratively, in the present invention, the periodic resonant unit one 31 and the periodic resonant unit two 33 are metal foils having a linear slot structure, which may be an "H" type structure, a "back" type structure or other linear slot structures, and one linear slot structure is etched on each metal foil. The metal foils may be rectangular, and the metal foils of the periodic resonator unit one 31 are fully contacted, meaning that the edges of adjacent metal foils are fully connected, and are arranged at equal intervals along the x-axis and the y-axis. Likewise, the metal foils of the periodic resonance unit two 33 are completely in contact with each other and are arranged at equal intervals along the x-axis and the y-axis. It will be readily appreciated that in the present invention, all of the metal foils are preferably the same shape and size. And, the metal foil of the periodic resonance unit one 31 corresponds to the metal foil of the periodic resonance unit two 33 in one-to-one projection.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
first, the principle of the partially reflective coating to improve antenna gain. Taking a partial reflection coating of a one-dimensional medium plate structure as an example, when the thickness of the medium plate is one quarter of the medium wavelength of the working frequency of a feed source, the partial reflection coating has strongest reflection amplitude for electromagnetic waves emitted by the feed source, the partial reflection coating and a total reflection metal plate form a resonant cavity, the energy of the feed source is reflected in the cavity for multiple times, only a small part of the energy is transmitted in each reflection, the whole partial reflection coating is finally distributed by the transmitted waves, and when the phase difference among the transmitted waves meets the in-phase condition (1), the directivity of an antenna is greatly improved, and the partial reflection coating plays a role in energy convergence.
Second, the partially reflective coating simultaneously improves the principle of gain for multiple operating frequency points of the antenna. To improve the gain of multiple working frequency bands of the antenna, the reflection coefficient phase curve of the partial reflection coating needs to form multiple intersections with (2), as shown in fig. 5, to form multiple even mode transmission pass bands, so that multiple transmission waves are superimposed in phase in the normal direction, and the effect of converging energy is achieved. When the partial reflection coating is adjusted, the same reflection amplitude can be obtained at a required working frequency point, so that the antenna can obtain the same gain improvement at the working frequency point.
Therefore, the invention can work at three frequency points, namely the three frequencies are realized; the multi-frequency resonant cavity antenna is realized by a multi-layer partial reflection coating structure, and the multi-frequency resonant cavity antenna can be realized by a layer of partial reflection coating, so that the multi-frequency resonant cavity antenna realizes 'low profile' compared with other multi-frequency resonant cavity antennas. By making the amplitudes of the reflection coefficients of the partial reflection coating approximately uniform, the gains of the three frequency points of the antenna can be made to be close, and thus 'flat high gain' can be realized.
The effects of the present invention are further described below in connection with simulation experiments:
1. simulation conditions:
the dielectric substrate 32 in the present invention has a dielectric constant of 2.2, a thickness of 1.5mm, a caliber dimension of 100mm, and a height from the total reflection metal plate 2 of 16.2mm. The periodic resonance units on the upper and lower surfaces of the dielectric substrate 32 have a size of 9mm and a number of 11×11 (4 corners are removed), and the periodic resonance units on the upper and lower surfaces have the same structure and size. The broadband feed source 1 is a broadband Vivaldi antenna, the periphery of the broadband Vivaldi antenna is shielded by a metal cavity, and the upper end of the broadband feed source is coplanar with the total reflection metal plate 2. The total reflection metal plate 2 is connected with the partial reflection coating 3 through support columns 4, and the length of the support columns 4 is slightly larger than the height of the partial reflection coating 3 from the total reflection metal plate 2.
2. Simulation result analysis:
referring to fig. 4 to 9, simulation software is used to perform simulation calculation on the reflection coefficient, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna port, the gain spectrum diagram and the gain pattern of the above experimental example partial reflection coating, and the simulation results are as follows:
fig. 4 shows characteristics of S parameters obtained by simulating the experimental example partial reflection coating and the mirror image model thereof along with the change of the working frequency, and as can be seen from fig. 4, the structure can generate three even-mode transmission pass bands, and meanwhile, the reflection coefficient amplitudes of the partial reflection coating corresponding to the three frequency points are consistent, so that the gains of the antenna at the three frequency points can be improved equally.
Fig. 5 shows the port voltage standing wave ratio of the experimental antenna, and the antenna can still realize impedance matching after being loaded with a part of the reflective coating.
Fig. 6 is a gain spectrum diagram of an experimental antenna, and it can be seen from the graph that the gain of the antenna is enhanced at three even-mode transmission pass bands, the gain is improved by 7-8 dB, and the gain of three frequency points is improved flatly.
Fig. 7, 8 and 9 are radiation patterns at 7.7GHz, 9.5GHz and 11GHz for experimental antennas.
Simulation results show that the partial reflection coating can greatly improve the normal gain of the antenna at three working frequency bands of the antenna and the improvement degree is kept consistent.
Claims (7)
1. The low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna is characterized by comprising a broadband feed source (1), a total reflection metal plate (2), a partial reflection coating (3) and a support column (4); the broadband feed source (1) is sunk below the total reflection metal plate (2), the periphery and the bottom end of the broadband feed source are sealed by metal plates, and the top end of the broadband feed source is open and coplanar with the total reflection metal plate (2); the partial reflection coating (3) is positioned above the total reflection metal plate (2) and consists of a dielectric substrate (32), a periodic resonance unit I (31) printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and a periodic resonance unit II (33) printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, wherein the periodic resonance unit I (31) and the periodic resonance unit II (33) have common mode resonance or differential mode resonance at different frequencies; the support column (4) is used for supporting and connecting the dielectric substrate (32) and the total reflection metal plate (2), a resonant cavity is formed by the space between the total reflection metal plate (2) and the partial reflection coating (3), the gain of the partial reflection coating (3) is improved uniformly at three frequency points, and the antenna is improved in the same gain at different frequency points;
the periodic resonance unit I (31) and the periodic resonance unit II (33) are in a slotted structure form on the metal plate;
the periodic resonance units I (31) and the periodic resonance units II (33) are metal foils with linear slot structures, the metal foils of the periodic resonance units I (31) are completely contacted, the metal foils are distributed at equal intervals along the x axis and the y axis, the metal foils of the periodic resonance units II (33) are completely contacted, the metal foils are distributed at equal intervals along the x axis and the y axis, and the shapes and the sizes of the metal foils are the same.
2. A low profile three frequency flat high gain resonant cavity antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that the broadband feed (1) is a Vivaldi antenna or a dipole antenna.
3. A low profile three frequency flat high gain resonant cavity antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the radiation port surface of the broadband feed source (1) is located on the plane of the total reflection metal plate (2), and the broadband feed source (1) is placed in a cavity with the periphery and the bottom end closed by the metal plate, so that the energy of the broadband feed source is completely introduced into the resonant cavity.
4. A low profile three frequency flat high gain cavity antenna according to claim 1, wherein said metal foil of periodic resonator element one (31) is in one-to-one projection with said metal foil of periodic resonator element two (33).
5. A low profile three frequency flat high gain cavity antenna according to claim 1, wherein said linear slot structure is an "H" type structure or a "back" type structure.
6. A low profile three frequency flat high gain resonant cavity antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate (32) has a relative permittivity between 2 and 6, the dielectric substrate (32) having the same size as the shape of the total reflection metal plate (2).
7. A low profile three frequency flat high gain resonant cavity antenna according to claim 1, wherein said support column (4) is comprised of four nylon columns respectively located at four corners of the total reflection metal plate (2), an upper end of each nylon column being connected to the dielectric substrate (32), and a lower end of each nylon column being connected to the total reflection metal plate (2).
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| CN202210980426.2A CN115332788B (en) | 2022-08-16 | 2022-08-16 | Low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna |
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| CN202210980426.2A CN115332788B (en) | 2022-08-16 | 2022-08-16 | Low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna |
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| CN115332788B true CN115332788B (en) | 2024-02-02 |
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| CN102130377A (en) * | 2011-01-26 | 2011-07-20 | 浙江大学 | Three-frequency medium resonant antenna with function of coaxial feed |
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