CN115332788A - Low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna - Google Patents
Low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna Download PDFInfo
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- CN115332788A CN115332788A CN202210980426.2A CN202210980426A CN115332788A CN 115332788 A CN115332788 A CN 115332788A CN 202210980426 A CN202210980426 A CN 202210980426A CN 115332788 A CN115332788 A CN 115332788A
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004088 simulation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q5/00—Arrangements for simultaneous operation of antennas on two or more different wavebands, e.g. dual-band or multi-band arrangements
- H01Q5/30—Arrangements for providing operation on different wavebands
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
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Abstract
The invention provides a low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna, which comprises a broadband feed source, a partial reflection coating, a total reflection metal plate and a support column, wherein the broadband feed source is connected with the support column; the broadband feed source is a Vivaldi antenna or a dipole antenna or other broadband microwave feed sources, and the partial reflection coating is a dielectric substrate with periodic resonant units printed on two sides. The support column consists of four nylon columns. The invention has the advantages of three-frequency operation, flatness, high gain, low profile and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of communication, and relates to a three-frequency resonant cavity antenna. The three-frequency Fabry-Perot resonant cavity has the advantages of realizing three-frequency flat high-gain performance, having lower height than the conventional three-frequency Fabry-Perot resonant cavity and compact structure.
Background
With the development of wireless communication technology, the performance requirements for antennas are higher and higher, and not only the requirements for low profile and high gain of the antennas are required, but also the antenna structure is required to be as simple and compact as possible, so that the antenna can communicate in a long distance. The Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna has high orientation characteristic, especially the characteristic that the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna does not need a complex feed network, so that the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna has wide application. The resonant cavity antenna generally comprises two flat reflecting surfaces and a microwave feed source, wherein one flat reflecting surface is mostly a total reflection metal reflecting surface, the other flat reflecting surface is a partial reflecting surface and allows a small amount of electromagnetic waves to transmit through, the microwave feed source is generally a dipole antenna, a microstrip antenna, a waveguide and the like, when the electromagnetic waves radiated by the feed source are reflected for multiple times between the two reflecting surfaces and the transmitted electromagnetic waves are in the same phase each time, the resonant cavity antenna can form in-phase superposition in the normal direction of an antenna aperture surface at the moment, and the gain of the antenna is greatly improved.
In order to meet the new requirements of wireless communication technology, the resonator antenna is required to further realize multi-frequency on the basis of high gain. At present, only a double-frequency high-gain Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna is realized by adopting a multilayer dielectric substrate or a multilayer frequency selection surface, the structure is complex, the antenna section is high, and the application of the Fabry-Perot resonant cavity antenna in the rapidly developed multichannel microwave communication field is greatly limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: the resonant cavity antenna has the advantages of low profile, three-frequency operation, high directional radiation and consistent three-frequency point gain improvement amplitude. The resonant cavity antenna has low cost and does not need a complex feed network.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna comprises a broadband feed source, a total reflection metal plate, a partial reflection coating and a support column; the broadband feed source sinks below the total reflection metal plate, the periphery and the bottom end of the broadband feed source are sealed by the metal plate, and the top end of the broadband feed source is open and is coplanar with the total reflection metal plate; the partial reflection coating is positioned above the total reflection metal plate and consists of a dielectric substrate, a first periodic resonance unit printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and a second periodic resonance unit printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the surface currents of the first periodic resonance unit and the second periodic resonance unit present common mode resonance or differential mode resonance at different frequencies; the support column is used for supporting and connecting the medium substrate and the total reflection metal plate, and a space between the total reflection metal plate and the partial reflection coating layer forms a resonant cavity.
In one embodiment, the broadband feed is a Vivaldi antenna or dipole antenna or other broadband microwave feed.
In one embodiment, the radiation opening surface of the broadband feed source is positioned on the plane of a total reflection metal plate, the broadband feed source is arranged in a cavity with the periphery and the bottom end closed by the metal plate, and the energy of the broadband feed source enters the resonant cavity through the opening surface at the top end in a metal shielding mode.
In one embodiment, the first periodic resonant unit and the second periodic resonant unit are both in a structural form of a groove formed in a metal plate.
In one embodiment, the first periodic resonant unit and the second periodic resonant unit are metal foils with linear slot structures, the metal foils of the first periodic resonant unit are in complete contact and are arranged at equal intervals along the x axis and the y axis, the metal foils of the second periodic resonant unit are in complete contact and are arranged at equal intervals along the x axis and the y axis, and the metal foils are the same in shape and size.
In one embodiment, the metal foil of the first periodic resonance unit corresponds to the metal foil of the second periodic resonance unit in a one-to-one projection manner.
In one embodiment, the linear slot structure is an "H" type structure or a "return" type structure.
In one embodiment, the relative dielectric constant of the dielectric substrate is between 2 and 6, and the size of the dielectric substrate is the same as the shape and size of the total reflection metal plate.
In one embodiment, the support column is composed of four nylon columns respectively located at four corners of the total reflection metal plate, the upper end of each nylon column is connected with the dielectric substrate, and the lower end of each nylon column is connected with the total reflection metal plate.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
the invention relates to a resonant cavity formed by a single-layer dielectric substrate, two layers of frequency selection surfaces carried by the single-layer dielectric substrate and a total reflection metal plate, wherein the two layers of frequency selection surfaces are a periodic resonant unit I and a periodic resonant unit II respectively.
2, because the periodic resonant unit used in the invention is composed of the periodic resonant unit I and the periodic resonant unit II, the surface currents of the two units present common mode resonance or differential mode resonance at different frequencies, and have the characteristic of multi-frequency resonance, when the periodic resonant unit is used as the basic structure of the partial reflection coating, the partial reflection coating can form an integer number of 2 pi at the reflection phase of a plurality of frequency points and the propagation path in the cavity, the in-phase superposition of the normal direction of the antenna is realized, and the characteristic of three-frequency high gain is realized.
3 because the amplitude and the phase of the reflection coefficient of the partial reflection coating harmonic used in the invention have obvious rules along with the change of the size of the periodic unit and high adjustability, the amplitude and the phase of the reflection coefficient of three working frequency points can be flexibly controlled, the coating can keep consistent at the three frequency points for the gain improvement, and the antenna can obtain the same gain improvement at different frequency points.
Drawings
The specific structure and electrical properties of the present invention are detailed below with reference to the accompanying drawings:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mirror image model of a partially reflective coating of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view (partially in cross section) of the overall structure of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the simulation experiment results of the present invention on the reflection coefficient characteristics of a partially reflective coating and its mirror structure.
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the result of simulation experiment of voltage standing wave ratio of the feed port of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a diagram of gain spectrum in the normal direction of the antenna and feed of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is the radiation pattern of the tri-band cavity antenna of the present invention at 7.7 GHz.
FIG. 8 is the radiation pattern of the triple-band cavity antenna of the present invention at 9.5 GHz.
FIG. 9 shows the radiation pattern of a triple-band cavity antenna of the present invention at 11 GHz.
The antenna comprises a 1-broadband feed source, a 2-total reflection metal plate, a 3-partial reflection coating, a 31-periodic resonant unit I, a 32-dielectric substrate, a 33-periodic resonant unit II and a 4-support column.
Detailed Description
The embodiments of the present invention are described below.
The invention relates to a low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna, which mainly comprises a broadband feed source 1, a total reflection metal plate 2, a partial reflection coating 3 and a support column 4, and is shown in the figures 1 to 3; the broadband feed source 1 sinks below the total reflection metal plate 2, the periphery and the bottom end of the broadband feed source are sealed by metal plates, and the top end of the broadband feed source is open and coplanar with the total reflection metal plate 2. Illustratively, the broadband feed 1 may be a Vivaldi antenna or a dipole antenna or other broadband microwave feed. The partial reflection coating 3 is a dielectric substrate of a double-sided printed periodic resonant unit, and consists of a dielectric substrate 32, a first periodic resonant unit 31 printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and a second periodic resonant unit 33 printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and the metal foil of the first periodic resonant unit 31 and the surface current of the second periodic resonant unit 32 present common mode resonance or differential mode resonance at different frequencies. Illustratively, both are in the form of a structure with a groove on a metal plate, and are printed on the dielectric substrate 32, and the whole part of the partially reflective coating 3 is positioned above the fully reflective metal plate 2, and an air layer is arranged between the two; the support column 4 supports and connects the dielectric substrate 32 and the total reflection metal plate 2, and a space between the total reflection metal plate 2 and the partial reflection coating 3 constitutes a resonant cavity. Illustratively, the supporting column 4 is composed of four nylon columns, the four nylon columns are respectively located at four corners of the total reflection metal plate 2, the upper end of each nylon column is connected with the dielectric substrate 32, and the lower end of each nylon column is connected with the total reflection metal plate 2.
In the invention, the broadband feed source 1 is sunk below the total reflection metal plate, the radiation opening surface of the broadband feed source is positioned on the plane of the total reflection metal plate 2, the broadband feed source 1 is arranged in a cavity with the periphery and the bottom end closed by the metal plate, and the energy of the broadband feed source 1 completely enters the resonant cavity through the opening surface at the top end by adopting a metal shielding mode.
The dielectric substrate 32 is located above the total reflection metal plate 2, the relative dielectric constant is between 2 and 6, and the size of the dielectric substrate 32 is the same as that of the total reflection metal plate 2.
The first periodic resonance unit 31 and the second periodic resonance unit 33 are completely consistent in structural size and are arranged at equal intervals along the x axis and the y axis. Illustratively, in the present invention, the first periodic resonant unit 31 and the second periodic resonant unit 33 are metal foils with linear slot structures, where the linear slot structures may be "H" shaped structures, "loop" shaped structures, or other linear slot structures, and each metal foil has one linear slot structure etched thereon. The metal foils can be rectangular, and the metal foils of the first periodic resonant unit 31 are in full contact with each other and are arranged at equal intervals along the x axis and the y axis, wherein full contact means full connection between edges of adjacent metal foils. Similarly, the metal foils of the second periodic resonant unit 33 are completely contacted and arranged at equal intervals along the x-axis and the y-axis. It is to be understood that in the present invention, all the metal foils are preferably the same size. And the metal foil of the first periodic resonance unit 31 corresponds to the metal foil of the second periodic resonance unit 33 in a one-to-one projection manner.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
first, the principle of the partially reflective coating to improve antenna gain. Taking the partial reflection coating of the one-dimensional medium flat plate structure as an example, when the thickness of the medium flat plate is one-fourth medium wavelength of the working frequency of the feed source, the partial reflection coating has the strongest reflection amplitude for electromagnetic waves transmitted by the feed source, the partial reflection coating and the total reflection metal plate form a resonant cavity, the energy of the feed source is reflected for multiple times in the cavity, only a small part is transmitted in each reflection, finally, the transmitted waves are distributed on the whole partial reflection coating, when the phase difference among the transmitted waves meets the same-phase condition (1), the directivity of the antenna is greatly improved at the moment, and the partial reflection coating plays a role in energy convergence.
Secondly, the partial reflection coating simultaneously improves the gain principle of a plurality of working frequency points of the antenna. In order to enable the partially reflective coating to improve the gain of the antenna in multiple working frequency bands, a plurality of intersection points are formed between the reflection coefficient phase curve of the partially reflective coating and the reflection coefficient phase curve (2), and a plurality of even-mode transmission pass bands are formed as shown in fig. 5, so that a plurality of transmitted waves are superposed in phase in the normal direction to play a role in energy convergence. When the partial reflection coating is adjusted, the same reflection amplitude can be obtained at the required working frequency point, so that the antenna can obtain the same gain improvement at the working frequency point.
Therefore, the invention can work at three frequency points, namely the three-frequency is realized; because the conventional multi-frequency resonant cavity antenna is realized through a multi-layer partial reflection coating structure, but the multi-frequency resonant cavity antenna can be realized through one layer of partial reflection coating, the multi-frequency resonant cavity antenna realizes a low profile compared with other conventional multi-frequency resonant cavity antennas. And the gains of three frequency points of the antenna can be approximate by enabling the reflection coefficient amplitudes of the partial reflection coating layers to be approximately consistent, so that the flat high gain can be realized.
The effect of the present invention is further described below with the simulation experiment:
1. simulation conditions are as follows:
the dielectric substrate 32 in the present invention has a dielectric constant of 2.2, a thickness of 1.5mm, a diameter of 100mm, and a height from the total reflection metal plate 2 of 16.2mm. The size of the upper and lower surface periodic resonance units of the dielectric substrate 32 is 9mm, the number is 11 × 11 (4 on the four corners are removed), and the structures and sizes of the upper and lower surface periodic resonance units are consistent. The broadband feed source 1 is a broadband Vivaldi antenna, the periphery of the broadband Vivaldi antenna is shielded by a metal cavity, and the upper end of the broadband Vivaldi antenna is coplanar with the total reflection metal plate 2. The total reflection metal plate 2 and the partial reflection coating 3 are connected through a support column 4, and the length of the support column 4 is slightly larger than the height of the partial reflection coating 3 from the total reflection metal plate 2.
2. And (3) simulation result analysis:
referring to fig. 4 to 9, simulation software is used to perform simulation calculation on the reflection coefficient, the voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna port, the gain spectrogram and the gain directional diagram of the partial reflection coating in the experimental example, and the simulation result is as follows:
fig. 4 is a characteristic that S parameters obtained by simulating a partial reflection coating and a mirror image model thereof in an experimental example change with working frequency, and it can be seen from fig. 4 that the structure can generate three even-mode transmission passbands, and meanwhile, the reflection coefficient amplitudes of the partial reflection coating corresponding to three frequency points are consistent, so that the gains of the antenna at three frequency points can be improved the same.
Fig. 5 shows the port voltage standing wave ratio of the antenna of the experimental example, and the antenna can still realize impedance matching after being loaded with the partial reflection coating.
Fig. 6 is a gain spectrum diagram of an antenna in an experimental example, and it can be seen from the diagram that the gain of the antenna is enhanced at three even-mode transmission pass bands, the gain is improved by 7-8 dB, and the gain improvement of three frequency points is flat.
FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 are radiation patterns for the experimental antenna at 7.7GHz, 9.5GHz and 11 GHz.
Simulation results show that the normal gain of the antenna can be greatly improved and the improvement degree is kept consistent at three working frequency bands of the antenna by the partial reflection coating.
Claims (9)
1. A low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna is characterized by comprising a broadband feed source (1), a total reflection metal plate (2), a partial reflection coating (3) and a support column (4); the broadband feed source (1) sinks below the total reflection metal plate (2), the periphery and the bottom end of the broadband feed source are sealed by metal plates, and the top end of the broadband feed source is open and coplanar with the total reflection metal plate (2); the partial reflection coating (3) is positioned above the total reflection metal plate (2) and consists of a dielectric substrate (32), a first periodic resonance unit (31) printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate and a second periodic resonance unit (33) printed on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and surface currents of the first periodic resonance unit (31) and the second periodic resonance unit (33) show common mode resonance or differential mode resonance at different frequencies; the supporting column (4) is used for supporting and connecting the medium substrate (32) and the total reflection metal plate (2), and a space between the total reflection metal plate (2) and the partial reflection coating (3) forms a resonant cavity.
2. A low profile, tri-band, flat high gain cavity antenna according to claim 1, wherein the broadband feed (1) is a Vivaldi antenna or a dipole antenna.
3. The low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the radiation port surface of the broadband feed source (1) is located on the plane of the total reflection metal plate (2), and the broadband feed source (1) is placed in a cavity whose periphery and bottom are sealed by metal plates, so that the energy of the broadband feed source can completely enter the resonant cavity.
4. A low profile, tri-band, flat high gain resonator antenna according to claim 1, wherein the periodic resonating units one (31) and two (33) are both in the form of a slot in a metal plate.
5. The low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the first periodic resonant unit (31) and the second periodic resonant unit (33) are metal foils with linear slot structures, the metal foils of the first periodic resonant unit (31) are in full contact and are arranged at equal intervals along the x axis and the y axis, the metal foils of the second periodic resonant unit (33) are in full contact and are arranged at equal intervals along the x axis and the y axis, and the metal foils are the same in shape and size.
6. A low profile, tri-band, flat high gain resonator antenna according to claim 5, wherein the metal foil of the periodic resonator element one (31) corresponds to the metal foil of the periodic resonator element two (33) in a one-to-one projection.
7. The low-profile, tri-band, flat, high-gain resonator antenna according to claim 5, wherein said linear slot structure is an "H" shaped structure or a "loop" shaped structure.
8. A low profile, tri-band, flat high gain resonator antenna according to claim 1, wherein the dielectric substrate (32) has a relative dielectric constant between 2-6, and the size of the dielectric substrate (32) is the same as the shape and size of the total reflective metal plate (2).
9. The low-profile three-frequency flat high-gain resonant cavity antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said support pillar (4) is composed of four nylon pillars respectively located at four corners of the total reflection metal plate (2), the upper end of each nylon pillar is connected to the dielectric substrate (32), and the lower end of each nylon pillar is connected to the total reflection metal plate (2).
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