CN115323580A - 基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物及其制备方法 - Google Patents
基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物及其制备方法,所述制备方法包括步骤:提供导电纤维;在导电纤维圆周表面形成有机聚合物包覆层,得到复合纤维;对复合纤维进行加捻,得到超螺旋状复合纤维;将超螺旋状复合纤维进行编织,得到热驱动变形织物。该织物在热驱动条件下,可以产生尺寸收缩,从而使得织物结构变得更加紧密,织物透气性降低、透湿性降低、透光性降低、透视性降低;去除热驱动之后,织物回到原来的尺寸,织物结构回到原来较为疏松的状态,尺寸变大,透气性、透湿性、透光性、透视性回升。本发明制备得到的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物在热驱动条件下,可以主动产生形变,可实现对织物通透性的调节。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及智能织物领域,尤其涉及一种基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物及其制备方法。
背景技术
基于纤维的超螺旋线性驱动器因其广泛的应用,近年来已成为重要的研究领域,例如人造肌肉、智能机器人、假肢医疗、可变形的纺织品和能量收集等。与传统的电磁驱动器和气动驱动器相比,这种驱动器轻巧、灵活、高收缩力、适用于多种尺度的设备。2019年,南开大学刘遵峰教授团队发明了使用蚕丝纤维制备的超螺旋结构湿气响应织物,可以实现45%的形变,从而达到湿气与热管理的功能。2020年,香港城市大学胡金莲教授团队发明了可以实现热管理的羊毛织物,不但可以保暖,还可以在身体出汗时产生变形,织物表面空隙增大实现给体表降温的功能。
可驱动变形织物需要具备可以调控的性能,以满足不同场景下的不同性能要求,然而现有的可驱动变形织物大多采用固定单一材料,无法自由调节自身的性能,且应用一般为人工肌肉提重与热管理,不具有透光、透气调节性以及提供压力等功能。
因此,现有技术还有待于改进和发展。
发明内容
鉴于上述现有技术的不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物及其制备方法,旨在解决现有可驱动变形织物不具有透光、透气调节性的问题。
本发明的技术方案如下:
本发明的第一方面,提供一种基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备方法,其中,包括步骤:
提供导电纤维;
在所述导电纤维圆周表面形成有机聚合物包覆层,得到复合纤维;
对所述复合纤维进行加捻,得到超螺旋状复合纤维;
将所述超螺旋状复合纤维进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物。
可选地,所述有机聚合物包覆层与所述导电纤维的体积比为(0.1~0.7):1。
可选地,所述有机聚合物包覆层中的有机聚合物的杨氏模量为0.1~100MPa。
可选地,所述有机聚合物选自聚二甲基硅氧烷、环氧树脂、天然橡胶中的至少一种。
可选地,所述在所述导电纤维圆周表面形成有机聚合物包覆层,得到复合纤维的步骤具体包括:
将有机聚合物加入到有机溶剂中,得到有机聚合物溶液;
将所述导电纤维浸入到所述有机聚合物溶液中,取出后进行固化,在所述导电纤维圆周表面形成有机聚合物包覆层,得到所述复合纤维。
可选地,所述有机聚合物与所述有机溶剂的质量比为1:2~1:4。
可选地,所述将所述超螺旋状复合纤维进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的步骤具体包括:
将所述超螺旋状复合纤维与所述超螺旋状复合纤维按机织组织结构进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物;
或,将所述超螺旋状复合纤维与纺织纤维按机织组织结构进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物。
可选地,所述机织组织结构包括平文组织结构、斜纹组织结构或缎纹组织结构。
可选地,所述纺织纤维选自棉纱、尼龙纤维、涤纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、碳纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维中的至少一种。
本发明的第二方面,提供一种基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物,其中,采用本发明如上所述的制备方法制备得到。
有益效果:本发明中具有各向异性的复合纤维,在轴向和径向的热膨胀系数有差异,在热驱动条件下,复合纤维轴向收缩、径向膨胀,而螺旋状的结构进一步放大了这种热收缩效应,即超螺旋状复合纤维具有热驱动变形性,进而使得通过具有热驱动变形性的螺旋状复合纤维编织成的织物具有热驱动变形性能,即本发明制备得到的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物在热驱动条件下,可以主动产生形变。而基于热驱动变形织物的热驱动变形特性,可实现对织物通透性(如透气性、透湿性、透光性、透视性等)的调节,即织物在热驱动条件下,可以产生尺寸收缩,从而使得织物结构变得更加紧密,织物透气性降低、透湿性降低、透光性降低、透视性降低;去除热驱动之后,织物回到原来的尺寸,织物结构回到原来较为疏松的状态,尺寸变大,透气性、透湿性、透光性、透视性回升。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备流程示意图。
图2为本发明实施例中基于超螺旋状复合纤维的结构示意图。
图3为本发明实施例中基于超螺旋状复合纤维的结构实物图。
图4为本发明实施例1中基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的机织组织结构示意图。
图5为本发明实施例1中基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的实物图。
图6为本发明实施例1中基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物在热成像仪下的温度分布图。
图7为本发明实施例1中基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物进行施加压力测试示意图。
图8为本发明实施例1中基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物在提重中的应用示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物及其制备方法,为使本发明的目的、技术方案及效果更加清楚、明确,以下对本发明进一步详细说明。应当理解,此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明,并不用于限定本发明。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术术语和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同。本文中在本发明的说明书中所使用的术语只是为了描述具体的实施方式的目的,不是旨在于限制本发明。
本发明实施例提供一种基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备方法,如图1所示,包括步骤:
S1、提供导电纤维;
S2、在所述导电纤维圆周表面形成有机聚合物包覆层,得到复合纤维;
S3、对所述复合纤维进行加捻,得到超螺旋状复合纤维;
S4、将所述超螺旋状复合纤维进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物。
本发明实施例提供的制备工艺简单,适用于工业化生产,制备得到的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物在热驱动条件下,可以主动产生形变。具体地,具有各向异性的复合纤维,在轴向和径向的热膨胀系数有差异,在热驱动条件下,复合纤维轴向收缩、径向膨胀,而螺旋状的结构进一步放大了这种热收缩效应,即超螺旋状复合纤维具有热驱动变形性,进而使得通过具有热驱动变形性的螺旋状复合纤维编织成的织物具有热驱动变形性能。
本发明实施例中,所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物可通过热驱动变形,实现对织物通透性(如透气性、透湿性、透光性、透视性等)的调节。通过所述超螺旋状复合纤维编织得到的织物在热驱动下,由于超螺旋状复合纤维的径向膨胀、轴向方向发生收缩,织物的尺寸被收缩,从而使得织物结构变得更加紧密,织物透气性降低、透湿性降低、透光性降低、透视性降低;去除热驱动之后,织物回到原来的尺寸,织物结构回到原来较为疏松的状态,尺寸变大,透气性、透湿性、透光性、透视性回升。此外,本发明实施例中热驱动变形织物可在等重驱动条件下实现提重功能,以及在等长驱动条件下实现施加压力的功能,即本发明提供的热驱动变形织物可以实现多种功能,从而大大拓展了此类智能织物的应用范围。
需要说明的是,所述热驱动包括但不限于电热驱动、水热驱动、光热驱动或空气加热驱动。本发明实施例提供的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物驱动方式多样,可适用于多种场景。
步骤S1中,在一种实施方式中,所述导电纤维选自碳纤维等本身具有导电性的纤维;所述导电纤维还可选自表面具有导电涂层的非导电纤维。其中,所述非导电纤维选自尼龙纤维、涤纶纤维中的至少一种,但不限于此;所述导电涂层选自银层、铜层或碳层,但选限于此。具体实施时,可通过蒸镀的方式将银、铜、碳等蒸镀到非导电纤维表面上形成导电涂层。
步骤S2中,在一种实施方式中,所述有机聚合物包覆层与所述导电纤维的体积比为(0.1~0.7):1。在该比例下可以使得有机聚合物包覆层具有极佳的热膨胀性能,有利于超螺旋状复合纤维的轴向驱动。若两者的体积比太低,则在热驱动下,有机聚合物包覆层的膨胀效果不好,若两者的体积比太高,则在制备过程中会造成有机聚合物包覆层不均匀。本实施方式中,可通过调节有机聚合物包覆层与所述导电纤维的体积比来调节织物的变形性能。
在一种实施方式中,所述有机聚合物包覆层中的有机聚合物的杨氏模量为0.1~100MPa。这个范围杨氏模量的有机聚合物,通常具有很高的热膨胀系数,即可以使超螺旋状复合纤维(具有螺旋结构的表面包覆有有机聚合物的导电纤维)在热作用下可产生较大的径向膨胀,进而利于超螺旋状复合纤维的轴向收缩。
在一种实施方式中,所述有机聚合物选自聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)、环氧树脂、天然橡胶中的至少一种。这些有机聚合物可保证杨氏模量在0.1~100MPa之间。
在一种实施方式中,所述在所述导电纤维圆周表面形成有机聚合物包覆层,得到复合纤维的步骤具体包括:
S21、将有机聚合物加入到有机溶剂中,得到有机聚合物溶液;
S22、将所述导电纤维浸入到所述有机聚合物溶液中,取出后进行固化,在所述导电纤维圆周表面形成有机聚合物包覆层,得到所述复合纤维。
步骤S21中,在一种实施方式中,所述有机聚合物与所述有机溶剂的质量比为1:2~1:4。该质量比得到的有机物聚合物溶液浓度有利于将所述有机聚合物包覆层与所述导电纤维的体积比调节到(0.1~0.7):1。
在一种实施方式中,所述有机溶剂选自乙酸乙酯、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺、乙醇、丙酮、二氯甲烷中的至少一种,但不限于此。
步骤S22中,将所述导电纤维浸入到所述有机聚合物溶液中,然后将表面包裹有有机聚合物溶液的导电纤维通过带有两个辊筒的轧车,通过设置两个辊筒之间的间隙距离以控制导电纤维的带液率,进而控制有机聚合物包覆层与导电纤维的体积比。具体地,可将一束导电纤维(即由多根导电纤维组成)一起浸入到有机聚合物溶液中,由于毛细现象,聚合物溶液可以较为均匀地分布在导电纤维表面。
步骤S3中,对所述复合纤维进行加捻,得到超螺旋状复合纤维;可将单根复合纤维进行加捻(如图2所示),也可将多根复合纤维进行加捻(如图3所示)。具体地,可将复合纤维的一端固定,另一端施加载荷,对所述复合纤维进行加捻直到复合纤维的所有部分都形成超螺旋的线圈状态,然后在一定的温度下(例如120℃)加热定型,得到所述超螺旋状复合纤维。
步骤S4中,在一种实施方式中,所述将所述超螺旋状复合纤维进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的步骤具体包括:
将所述超螺旋状复合纤维与所述超螺旋状复合纤维按机织组织结构进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物;
或,将所述超螺旋状复合纤维与纺织纤维按机织组织结构进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物。
本实施方式中,可将超螺旋状复合纤维与其自身进行编织,具体地,可分别将超螺旋状复合纤维作为经线、纬线进行编织;也可将超螺旋状复合纤维与纺织纤维进行编织,具体地,可将超螺旋状复合纤维作为经线、纺织纤维作为纬线进行编织,也可将超螺旋状复合纤维作为纬线、纺织纤维作为经线进行编织。
在一种实施方式中,所述机织组织结构包括平文组织结构、斜纹组织结构或缎纹组织结构,但不限于此。其中,平纹组织结构是经纬组织点以1:1比例交替出现的一种基本组织,由经线和纬线一上一下相间交织而成的组织结构,由于平纹组织的交织点很多,经纬线的抱和最为紧密,因此,平纹织物的质地最为坚牢、外观最为平挺。
在一种实施方式中,所述纺织纤维选自棉纱、尼龙纤维、涤纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、碳纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维中的至少一种,但不限于此。
在进一步的实施方式中,了防止热驱动变形织物中的超螺旋状复合纤维脱落,若热驱动变形织物中超螺旋纤维为纬线,则以氨纶为纬线,在所述热驱动变形织物中的超螺旋状复合纤维区域的四边编织两组由氨纶制成的纬线(氨纶是具有良好弹性的纤维,形变可达300%,在热驱动变形织物产生大尺寸变形时,不会产生影响);若热驱动变形织物中超螺旋纤维为经线,则以氨纶为经线,在所述热驱动变形织物中的超螺旋状复合纤维区域的四边编织两组由氨纶制成的经线。
本发明实施例还提供一种基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物,其中,采用本发明实施例如上所述的制备方法制备得到。
本发明实施例提供的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物具有热驱动变形特性,驱动方式多样,可适用多种场景;可以实现多种功能,如改变通透性(透气性、透视性、透光性、透湿性)、提重、施压等,极大拓展了其潜在的应用领域。
下面通过具体的实施例进行详细说明。
实施例1
将按1:2的质量比,将PDMS加入到乙酸乙酯中,得到PDMS溶液;
将导电尼龙纤维(表面包覆有银涂层的尼龙纤维)浸入到上述PDMS溶液中,然后通过带有两个辊筒的轧车,设置两个辊之间的间隙距离以控制导电尼龙纤维的带液率,然后将带有PDMS溶液的导电尼龙纤维在80℃的温度下固化3h,得到复合纤维,PDMS包覆层与导电尼龙纤维的体积比为0.4:1。
将复合纤维的一端固定到搅拌器的搅拌头部位的夹孔中,同时将另一端通过适当的载荷拉伸进行加捻,并通过金属销防止其解捻。复合纤维被加捻直到复合纤维的所有部位都形成超螺旋的线圈状态,然后在120℃的温度下加热定型3h,得到超螺旋状复合纤维。
热驱动变形织物的织造:
以超螺旋状复合纤维作为纬线,以棉纱作为经线,按如图4所示的机织组织结构进行编织,得到热驱动变形织物,为了防止超螺旋状复合纤维脱落,以氨纶为纬线,在上述热驱动变形织物中的超螺旋状复合纤维区域的四边编织两组由氨纶织成的纬线,得到基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物(如图5所示)。
将导线缠绕在基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的两端作为电极,用于电热驱动。
实施例1中制备得到的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的应用:
(1)在常温下,测得实施例1中制备得到的热驱动变形织物的气阻为0.124KPa·s/m。对实施例1中制备得到的热驱动变形织物通电进行电热驱动。在通电进行电热驱动之后,3min温度达到最高80℃(此时,热驱动变形织物在热成像仪下的温度与形态如图6所示),经测试,热驱动变形织物的气阻上升至0.208KPa·s/m,断电之后10min,热驱动变形织物的温度回到室温,热驱动变形织物的气阻回到0.124KPa·s/m。
(2)如图7所示,将实施例1中所制备的热驱动变形织物围绕在一个假腿上,并在假腿和变形织物之间加入压力传感器。当通电加热使得变形织物从26℃到达57℃时,压力从2.7KPa上升至3.9KPa。
(3)将实施例1中制备得到的热驱动变形织物进行提重应用的示意图如图8所示。
综上所述,本发明中具有各向异性的复合纤维,在轴向和径向的热膨胀系数有差异,在热驱动条件下,复合纤维轴向收缩、径向膨胀,而螺旋状的结构进一步放大了这种热收缩效应,即超螺旋状复合纤维具有热驱动变形性,进而使得通过具有热驱动变形性的螺旋状复合纤维编织成的织物具有热驱动变形性能,即本发明制备得到的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物在热驱动条件下,可以主动产生形变。而基于热驱动变形织物的热驱动变形特性,可实现对织物通透性(如透气性、透湿性、透光性、透视性等)的调节,即织物在热驱动条件下,可以产生尺寸收缩,从而使得织物结构变得更加紧密,织物透气性降低、透湿性降低、透光性降低、透视性降低;去除热驱动之后,织物回到原来的尺寸,织物结构回到较为疏松的状态,尺寸变大,透气性、透湿性、透光性、透视性回升。此外,本发明中热驱动变形织物可在等重驱动条件下实现提重功能,以及在等长驱动条件下实现施加压力的功能,即本发明提供的热驱动变形织物可以实现多种功能,从而大大拓展了此类智能织物的应用范围。
应当理解的是,本发明的应用不限于上述的举例,对本领域普通技术人员来说,可以根据上述说明加以改进或变换,所有这些改进和变换都应属于本发明所附权利要求的保护范围。
Claims (10)
1.一种基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括步骤:
提供导电纤维;
在所述导电纤维圆周表面形成有机聚合物包覆层,得到复合纤维;
对所述复合纤维进行加捻,得到超螺旋状复合纤维;
将所述超螺旋状复合纤维进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机聚合物包覆层与所述导电纤维的体积比为(0.1~0.7):1。
3.根据权利要求1所述的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机聚合物包覆层中的有机聚合物的杨氏模量为0.1~100MPa。
4.根据权利要求3所述的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机聚合物选自聚二甲基硅氧烷、环氧树脂、天然橡胶中的至少一种。
5.根据权利要求1所述的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述在所述导电纤维圆周表面形成有机聚合物包覆层,得到复合纤维的步骤具体包括:
将有机聚合物加入到有机溶剂中,得到有机聚合物溶液;
将所述导电纤维浸入到所述有机聚合物溶液中,取出后进行固化,在所述导电纤维圆周表面形成有机聚合物包覆层,得到所述复合纤维。
6.根据权利要求5所述的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机聚合物与所述有机溶剂的质量比为1:2~1:4。
7.根据权利要求1所述的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述将所述超螺旋状复合纤维进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的步骤具体包括:
将所述超螺旋状复合纤维与所述超螺旋状复合纤维按机织组织结构进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物;
或,将所述超螺旋状复合纤维与纺织纤维按机织组织结构进行编织,得到所述基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物。
8.根据权利要求7所述的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述机织组织结构包括平文组织结构、斜纹组织结构或缎纹组织结构。
9.根据权利要求7所述的基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物的制备方法,其特征在于,所述纺织纤维选自棉纱、尼龙纤维、涤纶纤维、聚酰亚胺纤维、碳纤维、聚乙烯纤维、聚丙烯纤维中的至少一种。
10.一种基于超螺旋状复合纤维的热驱动变形织物,其特征在于,采用如权利要求1-9任一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
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