CN115323110A - Method and system for non-contact measurement of temperature of molten steel in ladle furnace - Google Patents
Method and system for non-contact measurement of temperature of molten steel in ladle furnace Download PDFInfo
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- CN115323110A CN115323110A CN202211044273.7A CN202211044273A CN115323110A CN 115323110 A CN115323110 A CN 115323110A CN 202211044273 A CN202211044273 A CN 202211044273A CN 115323110 A CN115323110 A CN 115323110A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0075—Treating in a ladle furnace, e.g. up-/reheating of molten steel within the ladle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D2/00—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass
- B22D2/006—Arrangement of indicating or measuring devices, e.g. for temperature or viscosity of the fused mass for the temperature of the molten metal
Abstract
The invention provides a method and a system for measuring the temperature of molten steel in a ladle furnace in a non-contact way, comprising the following steps: acquiring initial temperature of molten steel for starting heating; acquiring input energy of a heating system for heating the molten steel; according to the infrared image in the ladle furnace, obtaining a slag surface radiation heat dissipation value and a slag surface convection heat exchange value of the surface of molten steel in the ladle furnace; according to a colorimetric pyrometer outside the ladle furnace, acquiring a surface radiation heat value and a surface convection heat value of a shell outside the ladle furnace; acquiring a discharge heat value taken away by the flue gas according to the temperature and the flow of the flue gas; combining with refractory material temperature rise and heat absorption, calculating the average temperature change value of the molten steel in the ladle furnace per minute according to heat balance, and finally obtaining the average temperature of the molten steel at any time; the method indirectly reacts the temperature of the molten steel in the steel ladle through the heating condition of the slag in the steel ladle, and has the advantages of rapidness, continuity, no contact and accurate measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of metallurgy, in particular to a method and a system for measuring the temperature of molten steel in a ladle furnace in a non-contact manner.
Background
The ladle furnace is one of important means for smelting variety steel, and the molten steel temperature is a main parameter which needs to be controlled by the ladle furnace, and plays an important role in refining the quality of the molten steel and the quality of a continuous casting billet, so that the molten steel temperature needs to be measured for 3-4 times in the refining process.
When measuring the temperature of molten steel in a ladle, the prior technical means is as follows: after power failure, opening a cover of the ladle, and inserting a temperature measuring probe at the front end of the probe rod into molten steel to measure the temperature to directly obtain the temperature of the molten steel; although the method can directly obtain the temperature of the molten steel, in the temperature measuring process, power is required to be cut off, and the furnace cover is opened, so that the refining period is influenced, and the heat energy loss is increased; and the temperature probe on the probe rod can be damaged by the high temperature of molten steel after the test once, which belongs to a disposable article and increases the cost.
Therefore, a measuring method and a testing system for rapidly, continuously and non-contact measuring the molten steel temperature of the ladle furnace are in urgent need of research and development.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method and a system for measuring the temperature of molten steel in a ladle furnace in a non-contact mode, which are used for solving at least one of the technical problems.
Specifically, the technical scheme is as follows:
a method of non-contact measuring the temperature of molten steel in a ladle furnace, comprising:
obtaining the initial temperature of molten steel for starting heating;
acquiring input energy of a heating system for heating the molten steel;
according to the infrared image in the ladle furnace, obtaining a slag surface radiation heat dissipation value and a slag surface convection heat exchange value of the surface of molten steel in the ladle furnace;
according to a colorimetric pyrometer outside the ladle furnace, acquiring a surface radiation heat value and a surface convection heat value of a shell outside the ladle furnace;
acquiring a discharge heat value taken away by the flue gas according to the temperature and the flow of the flue gas;
and combining with refractory material temperature rise and heat absorption, calculating the average temperature change value of the molten steel in the ladle furnace per minute according to heat balance, and finally obtaining the average temperature of the molten steel at any time.
The step of obtaining the initial temperature at which the molten steel starts to be heated includes:
collecting argon blowing amount in the tapping process and the residence time of the molten steel in the tapping process;
determining the initial temperature t according to the following model Original (original) ：
t Original ＝T Tapping -k△t；
Wherein, T Tapping The measured temperature is the measured temperature of molten steel tapping;
delta t is the time interval from the moment when tapping of molten steel is finished to the moment when the molten steel starts to be heated;
k is a temperature drop coefficient.
The step of obtaining input energy of a heating system for heating the molten steel includes:
the input energy is obtained using the following model:
Q＝G×COSΦ×N×60；
wherein Q is input heat;
g is the gear capacity of the transformer;
n is the comprehensive thermal efficiency;
COS Φ is the power factor.
The step of obtaining the liquid level radiation heat dissipation value and the liquid level convection heat transfer value of the surface of the molten steel in the ladle furnace according to the infrared image in the ladle furnace comprises the following steps:
acquiring an infrared image of a slag surface on the surface of the molten steel by using an infrared camera;
determining the slag surface radiation heat dissipation value according to the following model:
Q 1 ＝εAσ(t watch (A) 4 -t Air conditioner 4 )：
Determining the slag surface convection heat exchange value according to the following model:
Q 2 ＝αA(t watch (CN) -t Air conditioner )；
Wherein:
Q 1 the furnace slag on the slag surface of the molten steel in the steel ladle radiates heat outwards;
Q 2 is steel in a ladleThe furnace slag on the water slag surface carries out heat convection to the outside;
sigma is the black body radiation constant;
a is the radiating surface area;
epsilon is the blackness coefficient of the slag surface;
t watch (A) Is the slag surface temperature;
t air conditioner The temperature of the air on the slag surface of the ladle furnace.
The step of obtaining the surface radiation heat value and the surface convection heat value of the shell outside the ladle furnace according to the colorimetric pyrometer outside the ladle furnace comprises the following steps:
acquiring the surface temperature of the outer shell of the ladle furnace by using a colorimetric pyrometer;
determining the surface radiant heat value according to the following model:
Q 3 ＝εAσ(t shell 4 -t Shell is empty 4 )：
Determining the surface convection heat transfer value according to the following model:
Q 4 ＝αA(t shell -t Shell is empty )；
Wherein:
Q 3 is the surface radiant heat value;
Q 4 surface convection heat exchange value;
sigma is the black body radiation constant;
a is the radiation surface area;
epsilon is the blackness coefficient of the slag surface;
t shell The surface temperature of the steel ladle shell;
t shell is empty Is the temperature of the air near the ladle shell.
The step of obtaining the heat value of the discharged gas taken away by the gas according to the temperature and the flow of the gas comprises the following steps:
collecting the temperature and flow value of the flue gas;
obtaining the discharge heat value according to the following model:
Q 5 ＝G cigarette with heating means ×C Cigarette with tobacco leaf (T Cigarette with heating means -T Cigarette 0 )
G Cigarette with heating means The mass of the flue gas;
C p cigarette The average heat capacity of the flue gas;
T cigarette with heating means The measured temperature of the flue gas is measured;
T cigarette 0 Is the initial temperature of the flue gas.
The method for obtaining the temperature rise and heat absorption of the refractory material comprises the following steps:
obtaining the amount of temperature rise and heat absorption of the refractory material according to the initial temperature and the final temperature of the refractory material:
Q 6 ＝G durable ×C Pnai (T Durable -T 0 tolerance )；
G Durable The quality of the refractory material;
C pnai Is the average heat capacity of the refractory material;
T durable The final temperature of the refractory material;
T 0 tolerance The initial temperature of the refractory.
The step of calculating the average temperature change value of the molten steel in the ladle furnace per minute according to the heat balance to finally obtain the average temperature of the molten steel at any time comprises the following steps:
obtaining the temperature rise time of molten steel as heating balance time;
acquiring the heating speed of ladle heating by a thermal balance principle;
acquiring a temperature rise value in the time period t by using the temperature rise speed and any time t; and summing the temperature rise value and the initial temperature value of the molten steel to obtain the average temperature value of the molten steel after t time.
A non-contact type molten steel temperature measuring system in a ladle furnace comprises:
the image acquisition unit (2) is arranged on an upper cover of the ladle furnace (1);
the colorimetric pyrometer (3) is arranged at the outer side of the ladle furnace (1);
the intelligent unit (4) is electrically connected with the image acquisition unit (2) and the colorimetric pyrometer (3) respectively and is used for acquiring the infrared image in the ladle furnace (1) and the temperature of the shell of the ladle furnace (1) respectively;
a processing module (5) arranged in the intelligent unit (4) and used for carrying out data interaction with the intelligent unit (4) and continuously observing the temperature of the molten steel in the ladle furnace by using the method for measuring the temperature of the molten steel in the ladle furnace in a non-contact way as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8.
The invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
according to the method, the characteristic that the slag floats on the molten steel is utilized, the initial temperature for heating the molten steel is obtained, the input energy of a heating system for heating the molten steel, the liquid level radiation heat dissipation value and the liquid level convection heat exchange value of the surface of the molten steel in the ladle furnace, the surface radiation heat value and the surface convection heat exchange value of a shell outside the ladle furnace and the exhaust heat value brought away by smoke are utilized, finally, the average temperature change value of the molten steel in the ladle furnace per minute is calculated according to heat balance by combining refractory material temperature rise and heat absorption, and the average temperature of the molten steel at any time is finally obtained; the method indirectly reacts the temperature of the molten steel in the steel ladle through the heating condition of the slag and the molten steel in the steel ladle, and has the advantages of continuity, no contact and accurate measurement;
the measuring system of the invention utilizes the image acquisition unit (2) to acquire the image in the ladle; then the temperature of the steel ladle shell is collected through a colorimetric pyrometer (3), and the temperature of the molten steel in the steel ladle is measured and calculated in an intelligent unit (4) by using the method; the measuring system has simple structure, does not need to use a disposable temperature measuring probe, and can greatly save the production cost.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, it should be understood that the following drawings only illustrate some embodiments of the present invention and therefore should not be considered as limiting the scope, and for those skilled in the art, other related drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the system of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the system of the present invention;
where M in FIG. 3 is a molten steel level position.
Detailed Description
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the modules in the devices in the implementation scenario may be distributed in the devices in the implementation scenario according to the description of the implementation scenario, or may be located in one or more devices different from the present implementation scenario with corresponding changes. The modules of the implementation scenario may be combined into one module, or may be further split into multiple sub-modules.
Specific example I:
the present invention provides an embodiment:
referring to fig. 1, a method for controlling the temperature of molten steel in a non-contact ladle furnace, in particular application, comprises the following steps:
(1) Tapping is started after smelting of the smelting furnace is finished;
(2) A ladle car 1 below the smelting furnace is driven to a tapping position to prepare to receive molten steel;
(3) In the tapping process, bottom blowing argon, ferroalloy deoxidation, alloying and slag charge;
(3) After tapping, measuring the temperature and sampling 1;
(4) The ladle is hoisted to a ladle car 2 of the ladle furnace and enters a refining system;
(5) The buggy ladle 2 is driven to a heating station for heating;
the initial temperature of the molten steel is as follows:
t original (original) ＝T Tapping -k△t (1)
And continuous temperature detection is carried out on the liquid level of a molten pool in the steel ladle and the steel ladle shell;
(6) Obtaining the temperature at which molten steel starts to be heated;
(7) In this embodiment, electrode heating is used; determining input energy for heating molten steel according to the gear of a transformer of an electrode heating system; q; q is calculated according to the formula (2)
Q＝G×COSΦ×N×60 (2)
Q is the input heat of the transformer, kJ/min;
g is the gear capacity of the transformer, kVA;
n is the comprehensive thermal efficiency,%, generally takes 43%;
COS Φ is power factor, 0.78.
(8) Measuring infrared image of liquid level, determining surface area and temperature of molten steel surface dregs, and calculating radiation heat dissipation Q of liquid level in real time 1 And convection heat transfer Q 2 (ii) a The conduction heat transfer is small and is ignored; then Q is 1 、Q 2 Calculating according to the formulas (3) and (4);
Q 1 ＝εAσ(t watch (CN) 4 -t Air conditioner 4 ) (3)
Q 1 Radiating heat outwards for the slag on the slag surface of the molten steel in the steel ladle; kJ/min;
σ is the blackbody radiation constant, 5.67X 10 -8 W/(m 2 ·℃ 4 )；
A is the area of the radiation surface, m 2 ；
Epsilon is the blackness coefficient of the slag surface;
t watch (CN) The slag surface temperature, DEG C;
t air conditioner The temperature of the air on the liquid surface of the steel ladle;
Q 2 ＝αA(t watch (CN) -t Air conditioner ) (4)
Q 2 Carrying out external convection heat exchange on the slag surface of the molten steel in the steel ladle; kJ/min;
alpha is convective heat transfer coefficient, W/m 2 /K
A is the area of the radiation surface, m 2 ；
t Watch (A) The slag surface temperature, DEG C;
t air (a) The temperature of the air on the liquid surface of the steel ladle;
(9) Obtaining surface radiation heat transfer Q of steel cladding 3 And convection heat transfer Q 4 ；
Determining the surface radiant heat value according to the following model:
Q 3 ＝εAσ(t shell 4 -t Shell is empty 4 )：
Determining the surface convection heat transfer value according to the following model:
Q 4 ＝αA(t shell -t Shell is empty )；
Wherein:
Q 3 is a surface radiant heat value;
Q 4 surface convection heat exchange value;
sigma is the black body radiation constant;
a is the radiating surface area;
epsilon is the blackness coefficient of the slag surface;
t shell The surface temperature of the steel ladle shell;
t shell is empty Is the temperature of the air near the ladle shell.
(10) Calculating the heat quantity Q taken away by the flue gas according to the temperature and the flow of the flue gas 5 ；
Q 5 ＝G Cigarette with heating means ×C Cigarette with tobacco leaf (T Cigarette with heating means -T Cigarette 0 ) (5)
Q 5 kJ/min is the heat taken away by the flue gas;
G cigarette with heating means Kg is the mass of the flue gas;
C p cigarette Taking the average heat capacity of the flue gas, kJ/kg/K, and taking 1.137;
T cigarette with heating means Flue gas temperature, deg.C;
T cigarette 0 The initial temperature of the flue gas, DEG C;
(11) Temperature rise and heat absorption Q of refractory material 6 ；
Q 6 ＝G Durable ×Cp Durable (T Durable -T 0 tolerance ) (6)
G Durable Is the refractory mass, kg;
Cp durable Taking the average heat capacity of the refractory material as kJ/kg/K, and taking 0.6; different refractory materials have different average heat capacities;
T durable for The final temperature of the refractory material, DEG C;
T 0 tolerance The initial temperature of the refractory is DEG C.
(12) Calculating the temperature change value of the molten steel according to the heat balance so as to calculate the average temperature of the molten steel; the method for estimating the average temperature of the molten steel comprises the following steps:
obtaining the temperature rise time of molten steel as heating balance time; acquiring the heating speed of ladle heating by a thermal balance principle; acquiring the temperature rise value in the t time period by using the temperature rise speed and any time t; summing the temperature rise value and the initial temperature value of the molten steel to obtain the average temperature value of the molten steel after t time; the method comprises the following specific steps:
△T＝(Q-Q 1 -Q 2 -Q 3 -Q 4 -Q 5 )/G steel /C P steel ；M＝Q 6 /(Q-Q 1 -Q 2 -Q 3 -Q 4 -Q 5 )；
T Final temperature ＝t Original +(T Measuring -M)△T；
Wherein, the delta T is the heating rate of the ladle heating; m is the heating balance time; t is Final temperature The average temperature value of the molten steel; t is Measuring The moment of temperature measurement;
q is input heat; q 1 Is radiant heat between the slag on the surface of molten steel in a steel ladle and the surface of a steel shell; q 2 The heat convection between the slag on the surface of the molten steel in the ladle and the surface of the steel shell is carried out; q 3 The surface radiation heat value of the outer shell of the ladle furnace; q 4 Convection heat exchange value is carried out on the surface of the outer shell of the ladle furnace; q 5 The value of the heat quantity discharged for the smoke gas to take away; g Steel The mass of molten steel; c P steel The average heat capacity of molten steel; q 6 The heat absorption capacity of the refractory material;
(13) Heating for a certain time, and sampling after the temperature meets the requirement;
(14) If the molten steel components are not qualified, continuously adding slag materials, and then continuously heating;
the heat absorption of the slag amount is calculated according to a formula (6);
Q 6 ＝G slag ×C Slag P (T Slag -T Slag 0 ) (7)
Q 6 Absorbing heat for the slag; kJ;
G slag The amount of the slag material; kg;
C slag P Taking 1.248 as the average heat capacity of slag charge, kJ/kg/K;
T slag The final temperature of the slag charge is DEG C;
T cigarette 0 Is the initial temperature of the slag charge, DEG C;
(15) If the molten steel components are qualified, the ladle car 2 is driven to the lifting position;
(16) The ladle is hoisted to a ladle turret for continuous casting.
Specific example II:
the ladle refining furnace of 120t is taken as an example.
(1) Tapping is started after the smelting of the converter furnace is finished;
(2) The ladle car 1 below the smelting furnace is driven to a tapping position to prepare for receiving molten steel;
(3) In the tapping process, bottom blowing argon and ferroalloy are deoxidized, alloyed and added with slag;
(3) And (3) after tapping, measuring the temperature: temperature T of molten steel Tapping Sampling S 1 ；
(4) The ladle is hoisted to a ladle car 2 of the ladle furnace;
(5) The buggy ladle is driven to a heating station for heating;
t original ＝T Tapping -k△t (6-1)
(5) The buggy ladle is driven to a heating station for heating;
(6) Calculating the temperature of the molten steel for starting heating according to the argon blowing amount and the residence time of the molten steel;
in this example, the initial temperature of molten steel at the start of heating in the LF furnace =1600 to 10 × 0.55=1594.5 ℃
The measurement temperature of the molten steel is =1600 ℃; the time from the end of measuring the temperature to the beginning of heating is =10min, and the temperature drop speed of the molten steel is =0.55 ℃/min when the steel ladle is not covered;
(7) Determining input energy for heating molten steel according to the gear (voltage and current) of a transformer of an electrode heating system; q; q is calculated according to the formula (1)
Q＝G×COSΦ×N×60 (6-2)
Q is the input heat of the transformer, kJ/min;362232kJ/min
G is the gear capacity of the transformer, 18000kVA;
n is the comprehensive thermal efficiency,%, generally takes 43%;
COS Φ is power factor, 0.78.
(8) According to the image acquisition unit (2) in the embodiment II, the infrared image of the liquid level of the molten steel is measured; radiation heat dissipation Q for calculating liquid level in real time 1 And convection heat transfer Q 2 (ii) a The conduction heat transfer is small and is ignored; q 1 、 Q 2 Calculating according to the formulas (2) and (3);
measuring the liquid level of a molten pool at 1200 ℃ and the steel ladle shell =285 ℃,
Q 1 ＝εAσ(t watch (A) 4 -t Air conditioner 4 ) (6-3)
σ is the blackbody radiation constant, 5.67 × 10 -8 W/(m 2 ·℃ 4 )；
A is the area of the radiation surface, 10.521m 2 ；
Epsilon is the blackness coefficient of the slag surface, 0.56;
t watch (A) The slag surface temperature is 1200 ℃;
t air conditioner The temperature of the air on the liquid surface of the steel ladle is 30 ℃;
obtaining 1571.493kW of radiation heat dissipation; 1kwh =3600kj;
Q 2 ＝αA(t watch (CN) -t Air conditioner ) (6-4)
Alpha is convective heat transfer coefficient, 10W/m 2 /K
A is the radiation surface area, 49.537m 2 ；
t Watch (CN) The slag surface temperature is 1200 ℃;
t air (W) The temperature of air on the liquid surface of the steel ladle is 30 ℃;
to obtain Q 2 Is 123.066kW
Steel ladle upper opening total heat radiation Q 1 +Q 2 ＝101674kJ/min。
(9) According to the measured value of the colorimetric pyrometer (3), calculating the surface radiation heat transfer Q of the steel can 3 And convection heat transfer Q 4 ；
Actually measuring the surface temperature of the steel shell =285 ℃; ambient temperature =30 ℃.
Q 3 Radiation heat dissipation =139.231kW on steel shell surface
Q 4 Convection heat transfer on the surface of the steel shell =126kW
Total heat radiation Q of surface of steel ladle shell 3 +Q 4 ＝15933kJ/min
(10) Calculating the heat quantity Q taken away by the flue gas according to the temperature and the flow of the flue gas 5 ；
Q 5 ＝G Cigarette with heating means ×C P cigarette (T Cigarette with heating means -T Cigarette 0 ) (6-5)
Q 5 ＝716kJ/min
G Cigarette with heating means For flue gas quality, flow meter measurements: 50000m 3 H; converting into the smoke gas amount in a standard state;
50000/60×1.429×(273+30)/(273+300)kg；
C cigarette with tobacco leaf Taking the average heat capacity of the flue gas, kJ/kg/K, and taking 1.137;
T cigarette with heating means The actual measurement temperature of the flue gas is 300 ℃;
T cigarette 0 Is the initial temperature of the flue gas, 30 ℃.
(11) Temperature rise and heat absorption of refractory material
Q 6 ＝G Durable for ×C Pnai (T Durable for -T 0 tolerance ) (6-6)
G Durable Is the refractory mass, kg;17.5t;
Cp durable Taking the average heat capacity of the refractory material as kJ/kg/K, and taking 0.6; different refractory materials have different average heat capacities;
T durable for The final temperature of the refractory material, DEG C; 1200 ℃;
T 0 tolerance The initial temperature of the refractory material is DEG C; 1300 ℃ is adopted.
Obtaining the heat absorption Q of the refractory material 6 ＝17500×0.6×100＝1050000kJ
(12) The time from the start of heating to the start of temperature rise of molten steel (generally referred to as the time of heating equilibrium), that is, the endothermic time of the refractory, is calculated by the following equation:
heating equilibrium time = Q 6 /(Q-Q 1 -Q 2 -Q 3 -Q 4 -Q 5 ) ＝1050000/(362232-101674-15933-716)＝4.3min
The temperature rise rate of ladle heating was calculated by the following formula
△T＝(Q-Q 1 -Q 2 -Q 3 -Q 4 -Q 5 )/G Steel /C P steel
G Steel Is the molten steel mass, kg;120t;
Cp steel Taking 0.837 as the average heat capacity of molten steel, kJ/kg/K;
then, the temperature rise speed of the molten steel is = (362232-101674-15933-716)/120000/0.837 =2.43 ℃/min
For example, after 1min (i.e. starting to heat for 5.3 min) after heating balance, the molten steel temperature is 1594.5+2.43 × 1=1596.9 ℃;
for example, after 2min (i.e. starting heating for 6.3 min) after heating balance, the molten steel temperature is 1594.5+2.43 × 2=1599.4 ℃;
heating the temperature at any time, and so on.
(12) Heating for a certain time, and sampling after reaching a preset temperature;
(13) If the molten steel components are qualified, the ladle car is driven to the lifting position;
(14) The ladle is hoisted to a ladle turret for continuous casting.
When the invention is used, the element for measuring the temperature can be far away from the high-temperature area, non-contact measurement is adopted, the service life of the measuring equipment is long, and 3-4 temperature measuring probes can be saved for molten steel in each furnace; if calculated according to the ladle capacity of 120t and 500 ten thousand tons of annual processed molten steel, 200 multiplied by 10000/120 multiplied by (3-4) × 5= 62.5-83.25 ten thousand yuan can be saved; moreover, the method can continuously measure the temperature of the molten steel, does not need power failure and production stoppage, can shorten the measuring time and the refining time, reduce the consumption of electrodes and bottom blowing gas, reduce heat dissipation and save energy; the buffer effect between the smelting furnace and the continuous casting machine can be improved, and the adding amount of the steel scrap of the ladle furnace is increased.
The above disclosure is only a few specific implementation scenarios of the present invention, however, the present invention is not limited thereto, and any variations that can be made by those skilled in the art are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention. The above-mentioned invention numbers are merely for description and do not represent the merits of the implementation scenarios.
Claims (9)
1. A method for measuring the temperature of molten steel in a ladle furnace in a non-contact manner is characterized by comprising the following steps:
acquiring initial temperature of molten steel for starting heating;
acquiring input energy of a heating system for heating the molten steel;
according to the infrared image in the ladle furnace, obtaining a slag surface radiation heat dissipation value and a slag surface convection heat exchange value of the surface of molten steel in the ladle furnace;
according to a colorimetric pyrometer outside the ladle furnace, acquiring a surface radiation calorific value and a surface convection calorific value of a shell outside the ladle furnace;
acquiring a discharge heat value taken away by the flue gas according to the temperature and the flow of the flue gas;
and combining with refractory material temperature rise and heat absorption, calculating the average temperature change value of the molten steel in the ladle furnace per minute according to heat balance, and finally obtaining the average temperature of the molten steel at any time.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining the initial temperature at which the molten steel starts to be heated comprises:
collecting argon blowing amount in the tapping process and the residence time of the molten steel in the tapping process;
determining the initial temperature t according to the following model Original ：
t Original ＝T Tapping -k△t；
Wherein, T Tapping The measured temperature is the measured temperature of the molten steel at the end of tapping;
delta t is the time interval from the moment of finishing tapping of the molten steel to the moment of starting heating of the molten steel;
k is a temperature drop coefficient.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining input energy of a heating system for heating the molten steel comprises:
the input energy is obtained using the following model:
Q＝G×COSΦ×N×60；
wherein Q is input heat;
g is the gear capacity of the transformer;
n is the comprehensive thermal efficiency;
COS Φ is the power factor.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining a slag surface radiation heat dissipation value and a liquid surface convection heat transfer value of the surface of molten steel in the ladle furnace from the infrared image in the ladle furnace comprises:
acquiring an infrared image of a slag surface on the surface of the molten steel by using an infrared camera;
determining the slag surface radiation heat dissipation value according to the following model:
Q 1 ＝εAσ(t watch (A) 4 -t Air conditioner 4 )：
Determining the slag surface convection heat exchange value according to the following model:
Q 2 ＝αA(t watch (A) -t Air conditioner )；
Wherein:
Q 1 the furnace slag on the slag surface of the molten steel in the steel ladle radiates heat outwards;
Q 2 carrying out external convection heat exchange on slag on the slag surface of molten steel in a steel ladle;
sigma is the black body radiation constant;
a is the radiating surface area;
epsilon is the blackness coefficient of the slag surface;
t watch (A) Is the slag surface temperature;
t air conditioner Is the temperature of the air at the liquid level on the ladle furnace.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of obtaining a radiant heating value and a convective heating value of the surface of the shell outside the ladle furnace based on a colorimetric pyrometer outside the ladle furnace comprises:
acquiring the surface temperature of the outer shell of the ladle furnace by using a colorimetric pyrometer;
determining the surface radiant heat value according to the following model:
Q 3 ＝εAσ(t shell 4 -t Shell is empty 4 )：
Determining the surface convection heat transfer value according to the following model:
Q 4 ＝αA(t shell -t Shell is empty )；
Wherein:
Q 3 the surface radiation heat value of the ladle shell;
Q 4 convection heat exchange value is carried out on the surface of the ladle shell;
sigma is the black body radiation constant;
a is the radiating surface area;
epsilon is the blackness coefficient of the slag surface;
t shell The surface temperature of the steel ladle shell;
t shell is empty Is the temperature of the air near the ladle shell.
6. The method for measuring the temperature of the molten steel in the ladle furnace in a non-contact manner according to claim 1, wherein the step of acquiring the emission heat value carried away by the flue gas according to the temperature and the flow rate of the flue gas comprises the following steps:
collecting the temperature and flow value of the flue gas;
obtaining the discharge heat value according to the following model:
Q 5 ＝G cigarette with heating means ×C Cigarette with tobacco leaf (T Cigarette with heating means -T Cigarette 0 )
G Cigarette with heating means The mass of the flue gas;
C cigarette with tobacco leaf The average heat capacity of the flue gas;
T cigarette with heating means Measuring the temperature for the flue gas;
T cigarette 0 Is the initial temperature of the flue gas.
7. The method for measuring the temperature of the molten steel in the ladle furnace in a non-contact manner according to claim 1, wherein the method for acquiring the temperature rise and heat absorption of the refractory material comprises the following steps:
obtaining the amount of temperature rise and heat absorption of the refractory material according to the initial temperature and the final temperature of the refractory material:
Q 6 ＝G durable for ×C Pnai (T Durable for -T 0 tolerance )；
G Durable for The quality of the refractory material;
C pnai Is the average heat capacity of the refractory material;
T durable The final temperature of the refractory material;
T 0 tolerance The initial temperature of the refractory.
8. The method for measuring the temperature of molten steel in a ladle furnace in a non-contact manner according to claim 1, wherein the step of calculating the average value of the temperature change of the molten steel in the ladle furnace per minute according to the heat balance to finally obtain the average temperature of the molten steel at any time comprises the following steps:
obtaining the temperature rise time of molten steel as heating balance time;
acquiring the heating speed of ladle heating by a thermal balance principle;
acquiring a temperature rise value in the time period t by using the temperature rise speed and any time t; and summing the temperature rise value and the initial temperature value of the molten steel to obtain the average temperature value of the molten steel after t time.
9. A non-contact type molten steel temperature measuring system in a ladle furnace is characterized by comprising:
the image acquisition unit (2) is arranged on an upper cover of the ladle furnace (1);
the colorimetric pyrometer (3) is arranged at the outer side of the ladle furnace (1);
the intelligent unit (4) is electrically connected with the image acquisition unit (2) and the colorimetric pyrometer (3) respectively and is used for acquiring the infrared image in the ladle furnace (1) and the temperature of the shell of the ladle furnace (1) respectively;
a processing module (5) arranged in the intelligent unit (4) and used for carrying out data interaction with the intelligent unit (4) and continuously observing the temperature of the molten steel in the ladle furnace by using the method for measuring the temperature of the molten steel in the ladle furnace in a non-contact way according to any one of claims 1 to 8.
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