CN111595901A - Device and method for measuring heat conductivity coefficient of refractory material - Google Patents
Device and method for measuring heat conductivity coefficient of refractory material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device and a method for measuring the heat conductivity coefficient of a refractory material, and aims to provide a method which can simulate the actual smelting process condition and accurately measure the heat conductivity coefficient of the refractory material under the smelting temperature condition. The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the test system is divided into four parts of a heating unit, a refractory channel unit, a temperature measuring unit and a cooling unit. One end of the refractory material is heated to a certain high temperature by a high-temperature horizontal furnace and is kept at a constant temperature, the other end of the refractory material is tightly attached to the cooling unit, and the refractory material is sealed by high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating cotton in the circumferential direction so as to ensure radial heat transfer. When the whole test system reaches a stable state, the heat flow intensity of the test system is calculated according to the thermocouple temperature values of the test points and the Fourier law, and then the high-temperature heat conductivity coefficient of the refractory material is calculated. The determination method is simple to operate, and has important significance for research and application in the aspects of heat conduction in the fields of ferrous metallurgy industry and refractory materials.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a measuring device and a measuring method for simulating the actual smelting process condition and accurately measuring the heat conductivity coefficient of a refractory material of a blast furnace under the smelting temperature condition, belonging to the technical fields of ferrous metallurgy, refractory materials and high temperature.
Technical Field
The metallurgical industry is an important prop industry of national economy, and the refractory material is one of important equipment for ensuring the safety and long service life of metallurgical equipment. The thermal conductivity is an important physical parameter for characterizing the heat transfer capacity of the refractory material and is also a decisive index for the thermophysical properties of the refractory material. Accurate measurement of thermal conductivity is therefore of paramount importance.
The current methods for testing the thermal conductivity coefficient mainly comprise a steady state method and a transient state method, wherein the steady state method mainly comprises a flat plate method, a heat flow meter method and a cylinder method, and the transient state method mainly comprises a hot wire method, a laser flash method and the like. The most commonly used heat flow method in the steady state method has a narrow test range and a limited temperature range. The thermal wire method in the transient method cannot measure a material having a thermal conductivity of more than 2W/(m · K), and the laser flash method is often used for an isotropic and homogeneous pure material. Meanwhile, the method has the advantages that the required sample size is small, the refractory materials are not distributed uniformly, and the measured result hardly reflects the heat conduction condition of the whole refractory materials.
In view of the above problems, there is a need to develop a measuring device and method for accurately measuring the thermal conductivity of the refractory material of a blast furnace by simulating the actual smelting process conditions under high temperature conditions. The device and the method provided by the invention can effectively solve the problems and have important significance for the safety and long service life of metallurgical equipment.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention relates to a device and a method for measuring the heat conductivity coefficient of a refractory material, which are used for obtaining the heat conductivity coefficients of different refractory materials under the condition of smelting temperature. The invention aims to overcome the defects of the existing heat conductivity coefficient measuring method, and the technical aim of measuring the heat conductivity coefficient in the smelting temperature range is realized by flexibly adjusting the temperature of a heat transfer hot surface to simulate the actual process condition; meanwhile, the invention can overcome the material limitation of the tested refractory material, obtain related parameters through a novel steady-state heat transfer system and further obtain the heat conductivity coefficient of the refractory material through calculation.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a device for measuring the heat conductivity coefficient of a refractory material mainly comprises a horizontal furnace, a silicon-molybdenum heating rod, the refractory material to be measured, a furnace opening flange, high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating cotton, four groups of K-type thermocouples of the same type, a heat-conducting copper plate, a cooling water pipe, an air inlet, an air outlet and a data acquisition display. The high-temperature-resistant heat-insulation cotton-sealed refractory material transmission unit is connected with the position of a furnace wall of the horizontal furnace on the left side, the gas outlet is connected with a heat-conducting copper plate of the spiral multi-channel water pipe on the right side, the thermocouple test ends are respectively connected with the inlet and outlet of the refractory material and the cooling water pipe, and the thermocouple data end is connected with the data acquisition display.
A method for measuring the thermal conductivity of a refractory material by using the device is characterized in that,
the specific operation method comprises the following steps: and (3) unscrewing a right furnace door screw of the horizontal furnace, detaching the furnace door, putting the tested refractory material into the refractory material channel unit, pushing the refractory material channel to enable one end of the refractory material channel to be placed into the horizontal furnace, enabling the other end of the refractory material channel to be tightly attached to a heat-conducting copper plate of the spiral multi-channel water pipe, and sealing the refractory material channel by using high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating cotton. Introducing protective gas (high-purity argon) into the horizontal furnace, exhausting air in the furnace, setting a temperature-raising system (temperature-raising rate and temperature-raising temperature) and starting temperature-raising operation.
Further, the test system comprises a heating unit, a refractory material channel unit, a temperature measuring unit and a cooling unit.
Further, the heating unit mainly comprises a high-temperature horizontal furnace and protective gas. Wherein the temperature rise range of the horizontal furnace is 25-1700 ℃, and the protective gas adopts high-purity argon.
Further, the refractory channel unit is sealed by high-temperature-resistant heat insulation cotton with low thermal conductivity, low specific heat and good chemical stability.
Further, the cooling unit mainly comprises a heat-conducting copper plate of the spiral multi-channel water pipe. The cooling water pipe is arranged in a curve at the center of the copper plate, a water inlet mode of 'bottom inlet and top outlet' is adopted, the mass flow of cooling water can be controlled outside the cooling unit, and the temperature of the horizontal furnace is stable near a set range.
Furthermore, the temperature measuring unit is formed by combining four groups of K-type thermocouples and a data acquisition display. Wherein, two groups of thermocouples are used for testing the temperature of the refractory material, the other two groups of thermocouples are used for testing the temperature of the inlet and outlet water of the cooling unit, and the thermocouple precision of the test refractory material and the cooling water is respectively controlled within 1 and 0.1 ℃. And (4) observing whether the four K-type thermoelectric even numbers on the detection equipment are stable or not, and if so, proving that the detection system achieves the heat transfer stable state. The heat flow intensity of the test system is calculated by ensuring the stable heat transfer of the refractory material at the smelting temperature and combining the heat transfer law according to the temperature value of each test point, and then the high-temperature heat conductivity coefficient of the refractory material is calculated.
Further, four thermocouple temperature values are collected, the heat conductivity coefficient of the refractory material is calculated by combining the existing parameters and the Fourier heat transfer law, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
Q1＝Q2
Q2＝Cpw·Qm·(T4-T3)
λ＝(Q/A)·(ΔL/(T2-T1))
wherein: λ is the thermal conductivity W/(m.K); q1Is the section heat flow (W) of the refractory material; q2Is the heat flow (W) of the cooling water system; cpwThe heat capacity value of the cooling water is 4.2 × 103J/(kg·℃)；QmMass flow rate (kg/s) of cooling water; t is1、T2The temperature values (DEG C) of the thermocouples on the refractory materials are respectively; t is3、T4The temperature values (DEG C) of inlet and outlet water of the cooling unit are respectively; Δ L is the distance (m) between two thermocouples on the refractory material; a is the cross-sectional area (m) of the refractory to be measured2)。
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention is used for measuring the heat conductivity coefficients of different refractory materials under the condition of smelting temperature, which is the target that the current mainstream detection method is not realized, the temperature in the detection system is controllable, the operation cost is low, and the method is safe and convenient, meanwhile, the refractory channel unit can be adjusted to adapt to refractory materials with different sizes, precise cutting and sample preparation are not needed, the homogeneity and isotropy of a sample are not required, various types of refractory materials are conveniently detected, in the process of measuring the heat conductivity coefficient of the refractory material, the temperature rise rate and the temperature rise temperature have no limit to the result of the method, the problem of the limitation to the material quality and the temperature range of the measured material when the heat conductivity coefficient is measured by the traditional steady state method and the transient state method at present is solved, the method obtains a relatively accurate measurement value by simulating the actual smelting process condition, indirectly creates considerable economic benefits for the ferrous metallurgy industry and refractory enterprises, and has important significance.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of a thermal conductivity measuring apparatus according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of a cooling unit according to the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a right side view of the horizontal furnace of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-an air inlet; 2-a horizontal furnace main body; 3-a silicon molybdenum heating rod; 4-refractory tested; 5-furnace door; 6-furnace mouth flange; 7-high temperature resistant heat insulation cotton; 8-thermocouple h1(ii) a 9-thermocouple h2(ii) a 10-air outlet; 11-a heat conducting copper plate; 12-a cooling water pipe; 13-thermocouple h3(ii) a 14-thermocouple h4(ii) a 15-data acquisition display.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and specific embodiments. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are illustrative only and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Example (b):
1) fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a thermal conductivity measuring apparatus. The heat conductivity coefficient measuring device is composed of a heating unit, a refractory material channel unit, a temperature measuring unit and a cooling unit. This time, taking a certain carbon brick as an example, the carbon brick is cut into 345X 200 mm.
2) And (3) unscrewing a right furnace door screw of the horizontal furnace, detaching the furnace door, putting the cut tested refractory material into the channel unit, pushing the refractory material channel to enable one end of the refractory material channel to be placed into the horizontal furnace, enabling the other end of the refractory material channel to be tightly attached to the cooling unit, and tightly sealing the refractory material channel by using high-temperature-resistant heat insulation cotton. As shown in FIG. 1, refractory thermocouple h1And a thermocouple h2Through the insulating material and into contact with the refractory material to be tested, thermocouple h1And a thermocouple h2The distance between them was recorded as △ L, measured as 100mm3And a thermocouple h4Respectively connected with the water inlet and the water outlet of the cooling unit.
3) Introducing protective gas (high-purity argon) into the horizontal furnace, exhausting air in the furnace, then setting a temperature rise system of the horizontal furnace, raising the temperature to 1000 ℃, and simultaneously setting the mass flow of cooling water in a cooling unit to be 0.12 kg/s.
4) And after the values of the thermocouples are stable (namely the heat transfer of the system reaches a stable state), recording the temperature values of the thermocouples at the moment, wherein the display temperatures of the thermocouples 1-4 are 848.63 ℃, 816.69 ℃, 26.24 ℃ and 26.93 ℃.
5) And calculating the heat conductivity coefficient of the refractory material by combining the existing parameters and the Fourier heat transfer law, wherein the calculation method comprises the following steps:
Q2＝Cpw·Qm·(T4-T3)＝4.2×103×0.12×(26.93-26.24)＝347.76W
Q1＝Q2＝347.76W
λ＝(Q1/A)·(ΔL/(T2-T1))＝(347.76/0.069)·(0.1/(848.63-816.69))＝15.78W/(m·K)
the heat conductivity coefficient of the carbon brick is calculated to be 15.78W/(m.K).
While an embodiment of the invention has been shown and described, it will be understood that modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art in light of the above teachings and that all such modifications and changes are intended to fall within the purview of the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A heat conductivity coefficient measuring device is characterized by mainly comprising a horizontal furnace, a silicon-molybdenum heating rod, a measured refractory material, a furnace opening flange, high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating cotton, four groups of K-type thermocouples of the same type, a heat-conducting copper plate, a cooling water pipe, an air inlet, an air outlet and a data acquisition display; the high-temperature-resistant heat-insulation cotton-sealed refractory material transmission unit is connected with the position of a furnace wall of the horizontal furnace on the left side, the gas outlet is connected with a heat-conducting copper plate of the spiral multi-channel water pipe on the right side, the thermocouple test ends are respectively connected with the inlet and outlet of the refractory material and the cooling water pipe, and the thermocouple data end is connected with the data acquisition display.
2. A method for measuring the thermal conductivity of a refractory material by using the device is characterized in that,
the specific operation method comprises the following steps: and (3) unscrewing a right furnace door screw of the horizontal furnace, detaching the furnace door, putting the tested refractory material into the refractory material channel unit, pushing the refractory material channel to enable one end of the refractory material channel to be placed into the horizontal furnace, enabling the other end of the refractory material channel to be tightly attached to a heat-conducting copper plate of the spiral multi-channel water pipe, and sealing the refractory material channel by using high-temperature-resistant heat-insulating cotton. And introducing high-purity argon into the horizontal furnace, exhausting air in the furnace, setting the heating rate and the heating temperature, and starting heating operation.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the test system comprises a heating unit, a refractory passage unit, a temperature measuring unit and a cooling unit.
4. The method for measuring the thermal conductivity of the refractory according to claim 3, wherein the heating unit mainly comprises a high-temperature horizontal furnace and a shielding gas; wherein the temperature rise range of the horizontal furnace is 25-1700 ℃, and the protective gas adopts high-purity argon.
5. The method for measuring the thermal conductivity of the refractory according to claim 3, wherein the refractory channel unit is sealed with a high temperature resistant heat insulating cotton having low thermal conductivity, low specific heat and good chemical stability.
6. A method for measuring the thermal conductivity of the refractory according to claim 3, wherein the cooling unit mainly comprises a heat-conducting copper plate of a spiral multi-channel water pipe; the cooling water pipe is arranged in a curve at the center of the copper plate, a water inlet mode of 'bottom inlet and top outlet' is adopted, the mass flow of cooling water can be controlled outside the cooling unit, and the temperature of the horizontal furnace is stable near a set range.
7. The method for measuring the thermal conductivity of the refractory material according to claim 3, wherein the temperature measuring unit is formed by combining four groups of K-type thermocouples and a data acquisition display; wherein, two groups of thermocouples are used for testing the temperature of the refractory material, the other two groups are used for testing the temperature of the water inlet and outlet of the cooling unit, and the thermocouple precision of the tested refractory material and the cooling water is respectively controlled within 1 and 0.1 ℃; observing whether the four K-type thermoelectric even number values on the detection equipment are stable or not, and if so, proving that the detection system achieves a heat transfer stable state; the heat flow intensity of the test system is calculated by ensuring the stable heat transfer of the refractory material at the smelting temperature and combining the heat transfer law according to the temperature value of each test point, and then the high-temperature heat conductivity coefficient of the refractory material is calculated.
8. A method for measuring the thermal conductivity of the refractory material according to claim 3, wherein the thermal conductivity of the refractory material is calculated by collecting four thermocouple temperature values and combining the existing parameters and the fourier heat transfer law, and the calculation method comprises the following steps:
Q1＝Q2
Q2＝Cpw·Qm·(T4-T3)
λ＝(Q/A)·(ΔL/(T2-T1))
wherein: λ is the thermal conductivity W/(m.K); q1Is a refractory material sectionA surface heat flux (W); q2Is the heat flow (W) of the cooling water system; cpwThe heat capacity value of the cooling water is 4.2 × 103J/(kg·℃)；QmMass flow rate (kg/s) of cooling water; t is1、T2The temperature values (DEG C) of the thermocouples on the refractory materials are respectively; t is3、T4The temperature values (DEG C) of inlet and outlet water of the cooling unit are respectively; Δ L is the distance (m) between two thermocouples on the refractory material; a is the cross-sectional area (m) of the refractory to be measured2)。
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114292973A (en) * | 2021-12-17 | 2022-04-08 | 山东莱钢永锋钢铁有限公司 | Method for estimating and monitoring temperature of refractory material in blast furnace lining |
| CN117782875A (en) * | 2023-11-28 | 2024-03-29 | 江苏嘉耐高温材料股份有限公司 | Device and method for testing thermal shock resistance of refractory material |
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