CN115316524A - Bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants and straw mixed feed thereof - Google Patents
Bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants and straw mixed feed thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN115316524A CN115316524A CN202210980229.0A CN202210980229A CN115316524A CN 115316524 A CN115316524 A CN 115316524A CN 202210980229 A CN202210980229 A CN 202210980229A CN 115316524 A CN115316524 A CN 115316524A
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- bamboo leaf
- leaf polysaccharide
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- ruminants
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/10—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants
- A23K50/15—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for ruminants containing substances which are metabolically converted to proteins, e.g. ammonium salts or urea
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/12—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes by fermentation of natural products, e.g. of vegetable material, animal waste material or biomass
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/30—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms
- A23K10/37—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of plant origin, e.g. roots, seeds or hay; from material of fungal origin, e.g. mushrooms from waste material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/105—Aliphatic or alicyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/10—Organic substances
- A23K20/163—Sugars; Polysaccharides
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K20/20—Inorganic substances, e.g. oligoelements
- A23K20/28—Silicates, e.g. perlites, zeolites or bentonites
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
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Abstract
The invention discloses a bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants. The invention discloses a preparation method of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive, which comprises the following steps: adding polyvinyl alcohol microspheres into water, uniformly dispersing, adding silica sol into the mixture under a stirring state, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-30min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 5-12kHz, the ultrasonic power is 300-360W, filtering, washing a filter cake, drying, calcining for 0.5-1.5h at 350-420 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying to obtain silicon dioxide microspheres; adding the bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution and the silicon dioxide microspheres into a PBS buffer solution, and carrying out dark ultrasonic treatment for 1-2h at an ultrasonic frequency of 10-16kHz and an ultrasonic power of 400-500W to obtain the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide; and (3) dropwise adding the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide into the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution, stirring for 2-6h, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminant.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of ruminant feed, in particular to a bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for a ruminant and a preparation method thereof, and a straw mixed feed for the ruminant.
Background
Ruminants live in the rumen with a large number of microorganisms that can both degrade feed and synthesize various nutrients. Rumen can be considered as a fermenter for anaerobic microorganisms to multiply and play an important role in the whole digestion process. The nutrient substances are degraded into volatile fatty acid, peptide, amino acid and other components by microorganisms in the rumen, and the components are used for synthesizing mycoprotein, B vitamins and the like by the microorganisms. The exertion of the rumen microbial function is closely related to the rumen environment, how to maintain good and stable rumen environment and keep the activity of microorganisms and the relative balance of bacterial systems are important links for feeding ruminants.
The rumen regulating agent is used for regulating and controlling the rumen environment of ruminants so as to improve the utilization rate of daily ration nutrient substances and the production performance, and is widely applied in production. The rumen regulating agent commonly used in ruminant production at present is mainly baking soda, magnesium oxide, yeast culture, chinese herbal medicine and the like. The Chinese herbal medicine has the characteristics of homology, homology and use with food, small toxic and side effect, no drug resistance and multiple functions, and is incomparable with modern chemical medicines, antibiotics and hormone medicines.
Polysaccharides are widely found in animals, plants and microorganisms (bacteria, fungi and the like), and natural plant polysaccharides have the advantages of no toxicity, no side effect, no residue and the like, so that people have attracted extensive attention. Research shows that the plant polysaccharide has various physiological activities of resisting tumor, resisting virus, resisting infection, delaying senility, raising body's immunity, etc. and may be used widely in medicine research and human health care. At present, plant polysaccharide is also applied to livestock and poultry production, and researches show that the immunity of the livestock and poultry can be obviously improved, the growth of animals can be promoted, and the death rate of the animals can be reduced by adding the plant polysaccharide into the feed.
The folium Bambusae has effects in clearing away heat, promoting urination, improving eyesight, removing toxic substances, and stopping bleeding. The bamboo leaves have medical and health care functions to human bodies, because the functional components exist in the bamboo leaves, the bamboo leaves contain important physiological active ingredients such as bamboo leaf polysaccharide and the like which have the functions of enhancing the immunity and resisting tumors besides flavonoid compounds.
The bamboo leaf polysaccharide is a natural polysaccharide bioactive substance extracted from bamboo leaves. The bamboo leaf polysaccharide contains a considerable amount of immunocompetent polysaccharide, and the main component is acidic heteropolysaccharide with medium molecular weight. The glycosyl constituting the polysaccharide mainly comprises xylose, glucose, rhamnose, mannose, arabinose, galactose and the like. However, the research on bamboo leaf polysaccharide is only in the field of monogastric animals at present, and the influence of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide on the rumen regulation of ruminants is not researched at home and abroad.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the defects in the prior art, and provides a bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants, a preparation method thereof and a straw mixed feed for the ruminants.
A preparation method of bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminant comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding polyvinyl alcohol microspheres into water, uniformly dispersing, adding silica sol into the mixture under a stirring state, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-30min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 5-12kHz, the ultrasonic power is 300-360W, filtering, washing a filter cake, drying, calcining for 0.5-1.5h at 350-420 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying to obtain silicon dioxide microspheres;
(2) Adding the bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution and the silicon dioxide microspheres into a PBS buffer solution, and carrying out dark ultrasonic treatment for 1-2h, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 10-16kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 400-500W, so as to obtain the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide;
(3) And (3) dropwise adding the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide into the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution, stirring for 2-6h, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminant.
Preferably, in the step (1), the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres to the water to the silica sol is 20-40:100-200:5-10.
Preferably, in the step (1), the particle size of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres is 10-50 μm.
Preferably, in the step (1), the filter cake is washed for 1 to 3 times by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1 to 0.5 mol/L.
Preferably, in the step (2), the concentration of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution is 1.2-1.8mg/mL, and the mass ratio of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution, the silicon dioxide microspheres and the PBS buffer solution is 1-5:4-10:20-40.
Preferably, in the step (3), the concentration of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 0.5-1.2mg/mL, and the mass ratio of the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide to the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 25-55:50-100.
Preferably, the degree of deacetylation of the chitosan oligosaccharide is between 88 and 95%.
In an aqueous solution environment, nano silicon dioxide in silica sol is electrostatically adsorbed on the surface of a polyvinyl alcohol microsphere, then the polyvinyl alcohol microsphere is calcined at 350-420 ℃, the polyvinyl alcohol microsphere is carbonized to form a carbon microsphere, the surface of the carbon microsphere adsorbs the nano silicon dioxide with high stability, the carbonized nano silicon dioxide microsphere has good dispersibility and is not easy to agglomerate, the obtained silicon dioxide microsphere not only has a rough surface and exposes more active sites, but also has a better cavity inside, so that the obtained silicon dioxide microsphere loads bamboo leaf polysaccharide in PBS buffer solution, the loading of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide is further promoted by ultrasound, and the loading rate of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide is high.
However, the release speed of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide loaded by the obtained silicon dioxide microspheres is high, and the structural stability is poor; the chitosan oligosaccharide is further matched with chitosan oligosaccharide, and the chitosan oligosaccharide interacts with silicon dioxide microspheres due to the amino group, can be self-assembled and combined, so that the chitosan oligosaccharide is fixed on the rough structure surfaces of the silicon dioxide microspheres, and has the advantages of high bonding strength, effective reduction of the surface roughness of products and good product dispersibility.
The surface of the feed additive is modified by adopting chitosan oligosaccharide, and the chitosan oligosaccharide is animal cellulose, so that the feed additive is easy to be absorbed by ruminants, has high biological activity, has an effect of remarkably opening intercellular connection, can be directly absorbed by rumen cells, and can quickly release the bamboo leaf polysaccharide serving as an internal active ingredient into rumen along with the absorption of the chitosan oligosaccharide, so as to achieve a certain drug effect concentration, and then continuously and slowly release the bamboo leaf polysaccharide along with the prolongation of time, thereby effectively ensuring the relatively stable concentration of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide in the rumen.
A bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants is prepared by adopting the preparation method of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminants.
A straw mixed feed for ruminants comprises the following raw materials in parts by mass: 75-85 parts of alfalfa meal, 100-120 parts of peanut vine powder, 170-190 parts of soybean straw powder, 200-240 parts of corn straw powder, 140-160 parts of rice straw powder, 110-130 parts of wheat straw powder, 45-55 parts of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 45-55 parts of corn, 5-15 parts of puffed urea, 5-15 parts of salt, 5-15 parts of baking soda and 8-12 parts of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminants.
Preferably, the fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues are obtained by fermenting rhizoma polygonati, astragalus membranaceus, hawthorn and medicated leaven residues.
Experiments show that by adding the feed additive into the straw mixed feed, the rumen microbial fermentation of the ruminant can be effectively regulated and controlled, the feed utilization rate is effectively improved, the meat quality of the ruminant can be improved, the immunity can be enhanced, and the morbidity can be reduced.
The feed additive is added for compatibility, so that a protein nutrition system digestible by the ruminant is balanced, a nitrogen balance system and rumen regulation can be realized, the incidence rate of nutritional metabolic disturbance diseases is reduced, the immunity of the ruminant is enhanced, the morbidity is reduced, and the meat quality of the ruminant can be improved. The invention has low cost, can effectively regulate and control the balance between nutrition and energy, reduces the excretion of nutrient substances, and is more suitable for large-scale popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electron micrograph of the silica microspheres obtained in example 5.
FIG. 2 is a graph comparing the effect of straw mixed feed obtained in example 5 and comparative examples 1-2 on various enzyme activities during in vitro rumen fermentation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further illustrated with reference to the following specific examples.
Example 1
A preparation method of a bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 20kg of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres with the particle size of 10-50 mu m into 100kg of water for uniform dispersion, adding 5kg of silica sol into the mixture under the stirring state, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 5kHz, the ultrasonic power is 300W, filtering, washing a filter cake for 1 time by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.1mol/L, drying, calcining for 0.5h at 350 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, washing to be neutral, and drying to obtain silicon dioxide microspheres;
(2) Adding 1kg of bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution with the concentration of 1.2mg/mL and 4kg of silicon dioxide microspheres into 20kg of PBS buffer solution, and carrying out dark ultrasonic treatment for 1h at the ultrasonic frequency of 10kHz and the ultrasonic power of 400W to obtain the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide;
(3) Dripping 25kg of pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide into 50kg of chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5mg/mL, stirring for 2h at the speed of 50r/min, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminant.
A straw mixed feed for ruminant animals comprises the following raw materials: 75kg of alfalfa meal, 100kg of peanut vine powder, 170kg of soybean straw powder, 200kg of corn straw powder, 140kg of straw powder, 110kg of wheat straw powder, 45kg of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 45kg of corn, 5kg of puffed urea, 5kg of salt, 5kg of baking soda and 8kg of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminants.
Example 2
A preparation method of bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminant comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 40kg of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres with the particle size of 10-50 mu m into 200kg of water for uniform dispersion, adding 10kg of silica sol into the mixture under the stirring state, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 30min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 12kHz, the ultrasonic power is 360W, filtering, washing a filter cake for 3 times by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, drying, calcining for 1.5h at the temperature of 420 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, washing to be neutral, and drying to obtain silicon dioxide microspheres;
(2) Adding 5kg of bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution with the concentration of 1.8mg/mL and 10kg of silicon dioxide microspheres into 40kg of PBS buffer solution, and carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 2h in a dark place, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 16kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 500W to obtain the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide;
(3) And (3) dripping 55kg of pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide into 100kg of chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with the concentration of 1.2mg/mL, stirring for 6 hours at the speed of 200r/min, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminant.
A straw mixed feed for ruminants comprises the following raw materials: 85kg of alfalfa meal, 120kg of peanut vine powder, 190kg of soybean straw powder, 240kg of corn straw powder, 160kg of straw powder, 130kg of wheat straw powder, 55kg of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 55kg of corn, 15kg of puffed urea, 15kg of salt, 15kg of baking soda and 12kg of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminants.
Example 3
A preparation method of a bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 25kg of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres with the particle size of 10-50 mu m into 180kg of water for uniform dispersion, adding 6kg of silica sol into the mixture under the stirring state, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 25min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 6kHz, the ultrasonic power is 340W, filtering, washing a filter cake for 2 times by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.2mol/L, drying, calcining for 0.8h at 400 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, washing to be neutral, and drying to obtain silicon dioxide microspheres;
(2) Adding 4kg of bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution with the concentration of 1.4mg/mL and 8kg of silicon dioxide microspheres into 25kg of PBS buffer solution, and carrying out dark ultrasonic treatment for 1.7h at the ultrasonic frequency of 12kHz and the ultrasonic power of 480W to obtain the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide;
(3) Dripping 35kg of pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide into 90kg of chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.6mg/mL, stirring for 3h at the speed of 160r/min, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminant.
A straw mixed feed for ruminants comprises the following raw materials: 82kg of alfalfa meal, 105kg of peanut vine powder, 185kg of soybean straw powder, 210kg of corn straw powder, 155kg of straw powder, 115kg of wheat straw powder, 52kg of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 48kg of corn, 12kg of puffed urea, 8kg of salt, 12kg of baking soda and 9kg of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminants.
Example 4
A preparation method of a bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 35kg of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres with the particle size of 10-50 mu m into 120kg of water for uniform dispersion, adding 8kg of silica sol into the mixture under the stirring state, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 15min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 9kHz, the ultrasonic power is 320W, filtering, washing a filter cake for 2 times by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.4mol/L, drying, calcining for 1.2h at 360 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, washing to be neutral, and drying to obtain silicon dioxide microspheres;
(2) Adding 2kg of bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution with the concentration of 1.6mg/mL and 6kg of silicon dioxide microspheres into 35kg of PBS buffer solution, and carrying out dark ultrasonic treatment for 1.3h at the ultrasonic frequency of 15kHz and the ultrasonic power of 440W to obtain the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide;
(3) And (3) dripping 45kg of pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide into 70kg of chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with the concentration of 1mg/mL, stirring for 5 hours at the speed of 80r/min, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminant.
A straw mixed feed for ruminants comprises the following raw materials: 78kg of alfalfa meal, 115kg of peanut vine powder, 175kg of soybean straw powder, 230kg of corn straw powder, 145kg of straw powder, 125kg of wheat straw powder, 48kg of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 52kg of corn, 8kg of puffed urea, 12kg of salt, 8kg of baking soda and 11kg of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminants.
Example 5
A preparation method of a bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 30kg of polyvinyl alcohol microspheres with the particle size of 10-50 microns into 150kg of water for uniform dispersion, adding 7kg of silica sol into the mixture under the stirring state, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 20min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 7.5kHz, the ultrasonic power is 330W, filtering, washing a filter cake for 2 times by using hydrochloric acid with the concentration of 0.3mol/L, drying, calcining for 1h at 380 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, washing to neutrality, and drying to obtain the silicon dioxide microspheres.
The obtained silica microspheres are subjected to electron microscope transmission, as shown in figure 1, the average particle size of the silica microspheres is about 50 μm, the silica microspheres not only have a loose mesoporous structure, but also can clearly observe honeycomb arrangement. The specific surface area is measured by a BET method and is 943.7m 2 /g。
(2) Adding 3kg of bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution with the concentration of 1.5mg/mL and 7kg of silicon dioxide microspheres into 30kg of PBS buffer solution, and carrying out dark ultrasonic treatment for 1.5h at the ultrasonic frequency of 13.5kHz and the ultrasonic power of 460W to obtain the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide.
(3) And (3) dripping 40kg of pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide into 80kg of chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.8mg/mL, stirring for 4h at the speed of 120r/min, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminant.
Similarly, the specific surface area of the obtained bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants was measured and was 243.9m 2 The chitosan oligosaccharide/g is far smaller than the obtained silicon dioxide microspheres, and proves that the chitosan oligosaccharide is successfully coated on the surfaces of the silicon dioxide microspheres, so that the mesopores of the silicon dioxide microspheres are effectively blocked, the bamboo leaf polysaccharide can be effectively assisted to be coated and stored, and the bamboo leaf polysaccharide is prevented from being leaked or released in advance.
A straw mixed feed for ruminants comprises the following raw materials: 80kg of alfalfa meal, 110kg of peanut vine powder, 180kg of soybean straw powder, 220kg of corn straw powder, 150kg of straw powder, 120kg of wheat straw powder, 50kg of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 50kg of corn, 10kg of puffed urea, 10kg of salt, 10kg of baking soda and 10kg of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminants.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminant comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding 3kg of bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution with the concentration of 1.5mg/mL into 30kg of PBS buffer solution, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 1.5h in a dark place, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 13.5kHz, and the ultrasonic power is 460W, so as to obtain pretreated bamboo leaf polysaccharide;
(2) 40kg of pretreated bamboo leaf polysaccharide is dripped into 80kg of chitosan oligosaccharide water solution with the concentration of 0.8mg/mL, stirred for 4 hours at the speed of 120r/min, centrifuged, washed, frozen and dried to obtain the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminant.
A straw mixed feed for ruminants comprises the following raw materials: 80kg of alfalfa meal, 110kg of peanut vine powder, 180kg of soybean straw powder, 220kg of corn straw powder, 150kg of straw powder, 120kg of wheat straw powder, 50kg of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 50kg of corn, 10kg of puffed urea, 10kg of salt, 10kg of baking soda and 10kg of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminants.
Comparative example 2
A straw mixed feed for ruminant animals comprises the following raw materials: 80kg of alfalfa meal, 120kg of peanut vine powder, 180kg of soybean straw powder, 220kg of corn straw powder, 150kg of straw powder, 120kg of wheat straw powder, 50kg of fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, 50kg of corn, 10kg of puffed urea, 10kg of salt and 10kg of baking soda.
Before morning feeding, rumen fluid is collected from the upper, middle and lower 3 different sites of 3 fistulas of the rumen of Simmental cattle, filtered by 4 layers of gauze and then mixed according to the ratio of 1:2 into a fermentation flask containing substrate and buffer, and continuously injecting CO into the fermentation flask 2 The pH was adjusted to 6.8. The straw mixed feed obtained in example 5 and comparative examples 1-2 is crushed, sieved by a 300-mesh sieve, added into different fermentation bottles respectively, and then plugged and sealed. The fermentation flask was incubated at 39 ℃ for 72h with constant shaking. After fermentation, sampling and measuring various indexes such as enzyme activity, dry matter disappearance rate, volatile fatty acid, pH and the like.
The enzyme activities of the sodium carboxymethylcellulose, the xylanase, the acetyl esterase and the feruloyl esterase are shown in figure 1, the enzyme activities of the example 5 and the comparative example 1 are superior to those of the comparative example 2, and the results show that the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminants, obtained in the example 5 and the comparative example 1, can effectively improve various enzyme activities in the rumen fermentation process and promote feed fermentation. Whereas example 5 is superior to comparative example 1, the applicant believes that: the surface of the feed additive is modified by adopting chitosan oligosaccharide, and the chitosan oligosaccharide is animal cellulose, so that the feed additive is easy to be absorbed by ruminants and has high biological activity; along with the absorption of the chitosan oligosaccharide, the bamboo leaf polysaccharide serving as an internal active ingredient is quickly released into the rumen to reach a certain drug effect concentration, and then the bamboo leaf polysaccharide is continuously and slowly released along with the prolonging of time, so that the concentration of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide in the rumen is effectively ensured to be relatively stable, and the drug effect concentration of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide in the rumen is ensured.
The results of the in vitro simulated fermentation were as follows:
| example 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| pH | 6.61 | 6.62 | 6.61 |
| Dry matter disappearance rate% | 0.692 | 0.674 | 0.635 |
| Ammoniacal nitrogen mmol/L | 32.63 | 31.45 | 29.57 |
| Total volatile acid, mmol/L | 119.26 | 114.37 | 105.13 |
The above results confirm that: the results show that the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants, which is obtained in the example 5 and the comparative example 1, can effectively regulate and control rumen microbial fermentation of the ruminants, promote the utilization rate of the feed and improve the yield of volatile acid.
In example 5, the bamboo leaf polysaccharide is supported by the silica microspheres, and the chitosan oligosaccharide is fixed on the surfaces of the silica microspheres to achieve a slow release effect. Along with the absorption of the chitosan oligosaccharide, the bamboo leaf polysaccharide serving as an internal active ingredient is quickly released into the rumen to reach a certain drug effect concentration, and then is slowly released from the silicon dioxide microspheres along with the prolonging of time, so that the concentration of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide in the rumen is kept relatively stable, the drug effect concentration of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide in the rumen is ensured, and the effective regulation of rumen fermentation is further participated.
After randomly selecting weaning in a certain cattle raising base in Anhui, 27 healthy and disease-free Simmental cattle with the average weight of 330kg are bred to 13 months old, and are all non-castrated bulls, the cattle are divided into 3 groups, each group has 3 repetitions, and each repetition has 3 cattle for carrying out concentrated fattening test.
The test cattle are numbered and then placed in the same cowshed for separate breeding in a breeding mode of barn feeding and free-ranging, and the test cattle share the same breeding management scheme. The test cattle enter the cowshed for expelling insects and preventing epidemic in vivo, and the cowshed is thoroughly disinfected in a comprehensive way. In order to adapt to a new feeding management mode and a daily ration level, a pre-feeding period of 15 days is firstly carried out, and the fattening period is shifted to a formal fattening period after the pre-feeding period is finished. In the test, the health of the cattle body is often checked, epidemic prevention is well done, the cattle body is kept clean, and the cattle shed is cleared of dung every day. The trough is cleaned before feeding every day, and the residual materials are weighed and recorded regularly, so that sufficient drinking water is provided for the tested cattle every day.
The whole process is carried out by feeding the straw mixed feed obtained in example 5 and comparative examples 1-2 according to groups, wherein the feeding is carried out for 2 times a day (morning 7. Drinking water freely after ingestion. And calculating the daily average weight gain, the feed conversion ratio and the like after the test period is finished.
From the above table, it can be seen that: the feed obtained in the example 5 can effectively promote weight gain of Simmental cattle and reduce feed conversion ratio.
After finishing fattening, the test cattle are fasted for 24 hours, water is cut off for 8 hours, and after the test cattle number is recorded and weighed, slaughter tests are carried out in a meat processing factory in the place. Each cow is slaughtered and split into halves intensively according to a conventional method, the carcass weights of the left side and the right side are weighed respectively, then the carcasses are pushed into an acid discharge warehouse to discharge acid at 0-4 ℃ for 72 hours, and carcass segmentation and classification are carried out after the acid discharge is finished. Carcass splitting was operated by the plant staff, and the left half was meat sampled on the day of slaughter. The cutting method is carried out according to the cutting method of the current slaughter processing factory.
| Example 5 | Comparative example 1 | Comparative example 2 | |
| Live and heavy before slaughter, kg | 613.45 | 601.15 | 579.74 |
| Hot carcass weight, kg | 370.44 | 345.59 | 330.61 |
| Slaughter rate% | 60.39 | 57.49 | 57.03 |
| Net meat percentage,% | 49.57 | 47.31 | 44.93 |
| The meat yield of the carcass is% | 82.03 | 81.23 | 80.77 |
| Intramuscular fat content,% | 3.39 | 3.30 | 3.28 |
From the above table, it can be seen that: the slaughter performance of the simmental cattle of the group of example 5 is slightly better than the comparative example.
In the slaughtering test, selecting the left half carcass back semitendinosus muscle to determine the meat index of the mature 0d beef, and the result is as follows:
from the above table, it can be seen that: the water loss rate and the cooked meat rate of the beef of the group of example 5 are the lowest, which shows that the yield and the water retention performance of the Simmental beef of the group of example 5 are relatively high; the tenderness is an important index of meat quality and is the most important palatability character in beef sensory indexes, and the results show that: the beef in the group of example 5 has a lower shear value, indicating that the Simmental beef in the group of example 5 has the best tenderness.
The Simmental cattle feeding and slaughtering test proves that the straw mixed feed balances a protein nutrition system, a nitrogen balance system and rumen regulation which can be digested by the ruminant, promotes the growth and fattening of the ruminant, and laterally proves that the straw mixed feed can improve the immunity of the ruminant and can improve the meat quality of the ruminant.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A preparation method of a bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Adding polyvinyl alcohol microspheres into water, uniformly dispersing, adding silica sol into the mixture under a stirring state, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 10-30min, wherein the ultrasonic frequency is 5-12kHz, the ultrasonic power is 300-360W, filtering, washing a filter cake, drying, calcining for 0.5-1.5h at 350-420 ℃ under the protection of nitrogen, cooling to room temperature, washing, and drying to obtain silicon dioxide microspheres;
(2) Adding the bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution and the silicon dioxide microspheres into a PBS buffer solution, and carrying out dark ultrasonic treatment for 1-2h at an ultrasonic frequency of 10-16kHz and an ultrasonic power of 400-500W to obtain the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide;
(3) And (3) dropwise adding the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide into the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution, stirring for 2-6h, centrifuging, washing, and freeze-drying to obtain the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminant.
2. The preparation method of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the mass ratio of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres to the water to the silica sol is 20-40:100-200:5-10.
3. The method for preparing a bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the particle size of the polyvinyl alcohol microspheres is 10-50 μm.
4. The method for preparing the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (1), the filter cake is washed 1-3 times by hydrochloric acid with a concentration of 0.1-0.5 mol/L.
5. The preparation method of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the concentration of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution is 1.2-1.8mg/mL, and the mass ratio of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide ethanol solution to the silica microspheres to the PBS buffer solution is 1-5:4-10:20-40.
6. The method for preparing the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminants as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the concentration of the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 0.5-1.2mg/mL, and the mass ratio of the pre-loaded bamboo leaf polysaccharide to the chitosan oligosaccharide aqueous solution is 25-55:50-100.
7. The method for preparing bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the deacetylation degree of chitosan oligosaccharide is 88-95%.
8. A bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants, which is prepared by the preparation method of the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for ruminants as claimed in any one of claims 1-7.
9. A straw mixed feed for ruminants is characterized by comprising the following raw materials: alfalfa meal, peanut vine meal, soybean straw meal, corn straw meal, rice straw meal, wheat straw meal, fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, corn, puffed urea, salt, baking soda and the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminants as claimed in claim 8; the mass ratio of alfalfa meal, peanut vine meal, soybean straw meal, corn straw powder, rice straw powder, wheat straw powder, fermented traditional Chinese medicine residues, corn, puffed urea, salt, baking soda and the bamboo leaf polysaccharide feed additive for the ruminant as claimed in claim 8 is 75-85:100-120:170-190:200-240:140-160:110-130:45-55:45-55:5-15:5-15:5-15:8-12.
10. The straw mixed feed for ruminants according to claim 9, wherein the fermented herb residues are obtained by fermenting herb residues of rhizoma polygonati, radix astragali, hawthorn and medicated leaven.
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| CN115176907B (en) * | 2022-07-25 | 2023-12-22 | 安徽粮牧农业科技有限公司 | Fermented feed for ruminant animals and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20221111 |