CN115315521A - 蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基 - Google Patents
蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基 Download PDFInfo
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- CN115315521A CN115315521A CN202180021985.4A CN202180021985A CN115315521A CN 115315521 A CN115315521 A CN 115315521A CN 202180021985 A CN202180021985 A CN 202180021985A CN 115315521 A CN115315521 A CN 115315521A
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- bacillus cereus
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Abstract
本发明提供一种能够简单地制造、无论温度条件如何蜡样芽孢杆菌的生长均良好、且选择性优异的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基及使用了该培养基的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测方法。所述蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基含有磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物与甲氧苄啶,所述磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物具有能够被检测出的显色性或荧光性的游离基。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基。
背景技术
蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)是一种革兰氏阳性芽孢杆菌,通常广泛分布于土壤、河流等自然界中。关于本细菌所造成的污染范围,以作为与土壤紧密相关的食品的谷类、香料等为首,涉及因使用这些食品而被交差污染的食品、例如炒面、意大利面等面类、饭团、炒饭等米饭类、奶油焗(烤)、比萨、海鲜类及其加工品、食用肉及其加工品、食品原材料、点心类等、环境、临床材料等众多种类。
本细菌所造成的污染有时会引起腐烂、变质。此外,已知本细菌可产生呕吐毒素及腹泻毒素,有时还会引起食物中毒。
因此,从食品卫生及安全的角度出发,对本细菌的控制也很重要(非专利文献1)。
通常,作为用于检测蜡样芽孢杆菌的培养基,已知有NGKG琼脂培养基或MYP琼脂培养基(非专利文献1~3等)等。这些培养基利用作为蜡样芽孢杆菌的特性之一的蛋黄反应作为检测原理之一,因此含有蛋黄。这些含有蛋黄的培养基的配制方法由以下工序组成:事先将除蛋黄以外的琼脂等培养基原料进行灭菌并溶解的工序;冷却至50℃左右并进行保温的工序;接着以无菌方式对该培养基进一步添加并混合所采集的蛋黄的工序;然后将由此混合而成的培养基原料分注至培养皿中并使其固体化的工序。
如上所述,在添加蛋黄时至少需要3道工序,步骤繁杂。这是为了防止蛋黄成分发生热变性,特别是在冷却保温工序中,若添加所采集的蛋黄时的培养基的温度过高,则蛋黄成分会发生变性,而若培养基温度过低,则会引起琼脂的固体化等,因此该温度的管理是重要的,需要熟练的经验。此外,由于检测原理所利用的所采集的蛋黄的状态容易因卵用鸡的品种差或个体差、饲养环境等而发生大幅改变,进而导致培养基性能也受控于所采集的蛋黄的状态,因此,对于培养后的具有蛋黄反应的菌落的鉴别而言,需要具有一定的经验性的规则。
因此,作为不利用蛋黄反应的蜡样芽孢杆菌群的检测用培养基,本申请的发明人提出了一种含有多粘菌素B、甲氧苄啶、林可霉素类抗生素及作为α-葡萄糖苷酶的底物的5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷这4种成分的培养基(专利文献1)。
此外,还提出了一种用于选择性检测蜡样芽孢杆菌及苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillusthuringiensis)的培养基,其除了掺合有具有能够被检测出的显色性或荧光性的游离基的磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物与营养成分以外,还掺合有氯化锂、头孢他啶、多粘菌素B硫酸盐等(专利文献2)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1:日本特开2011-4712号公报
专利文献2:美国专利第6284517号说明书
非专利文献
非专利文献1:食品衛生検査指針微生物編2004厚生労働省監修社団法人日本食品衛生協会266-282頁
非专利文献2:ISO11133 Microbiology of food,animal feed and water-Preparation,production,storage and performance testing of culture media(2014)
非专利文献3:ISO7932 Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs-Horizontal method for the enumeration of presumptive Bacillus cereus-Colony-count technique at 30℃(2004)
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题
然而,已知专利文献1中记载的培养基在与ISO7932的MYP培养基的培养条件相同的30℃下,存在有时24小时的蜡样芽孢杆菌的生长不充分而无法检测到明确的菌落,葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus)属的一部分会造成假阳性等问题。此外,已知对于专利文献2中记载的培养基而言,不仅是蜡样芽孢杆菌群会呈阳性,李斯特氏菌(Listeria)等也会呈阳性。
因此,本发明的技术问题为提供一种能够简单地制造、无论温度条件如何蜡样芽孢杆菌的生长均良好、且选择性优异的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基及使用了该培养基的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测方法。
解决技术问题的技术手段
因此,鉴于上述实际情况,本申请的发明人对专门用于蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测的培养基及其检测方法进行了各种研究,结果发现,若使用具有能够被检测出的显色性或荧光性的游离基的磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物作为显色性或荧光性底物,并使培养基中含有甲氧苄啶,则即使不利用蛋黄反应,也能够在抑制除蜡样芽孢杆菌群以外的微生物的繁殖的同时,改善蜡样芽孢杆菌群的生长,从而完成了本发明。
即,本发明提供以下的发明[1]~[7]。
[1]一种蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其含有磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物与甲氧苄啶,所述磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物具有能够被检测出的显色性或荧光性的游离基。
[2]根据[1]所述的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其进一步含有β-内酰胺类抗生素。
[3]根据[1]或[2]所述的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其进一步含有抗真菌剂。
[4]根据[1]~[3]中任一项所述的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其中,具有能够被检测出的显色性或荧光性的游离基的磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物选自5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基肌醇-1-磷酸酯、5-溴-6-氯-3-吲哚基肌醇-1-磷酸酯、6-氯-3-吲哚基肌醇-1-磷酸酯、4-甲基伞形酮肌醇1-磷酸酯、4-硝基苯基-肌醇-1-磷酸酯、荧光素-肌醇-1-磷酸酯及它们的盐。
[5]根据[2]~[4]中任一项所述的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其中,β-内酰胺类抗生素选自青霉素类、头孢烯类、碳青霉烯类、单环菌素类及培南类抗生素。
[6]根据[1]~[5]中任一项所述的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其中,蜡样芽孢杆菌群为选自蜡样芽孢杆菌、炭疽杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)、苏云金芽孢杆菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mycoides)、假蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pseudomycoides)、韦氏芽胞杆菌(Bacillus weihenstephanensis)、细胞毒素芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cytotoxicus)及东洋芽孢杆菌(Bacillus toyonensis)中的细菌。
[7]一种蜡样芽孢杆菌群的检测方法,其特征在于,将标本接种于[1]~[6]中任一项所述的培养基中并进行培养之后,鉴定该培养基上的能够被检测出的菌落。
发明效果
若使用本发明的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,则能够准确且高效并简单地鉴别各种微生物混在一起的标本中的蜡样芽孢杆菌群的存在,而且该培养基价格低廉且配制也简便。因此,本发明的培养基还可广泛用于常规的食品或饮料、水等的检查或制造工序检查。
附图说明
图1为使用对食品标本接种了蜡样芽孢杆菌而成的标本,将在N-BC培养基及EX-BC培养基中的生长性能,分别以MYP培养基为基准进行比较的图表。
图2为示出使用N-BC培养基及EX-BC培养基并于30℃下培养22小时后的菌落状态的图表。
具体实施方式
本发明中作为检测对象的蜡样芽孢杆菌群为蜡样芽孢杆菌及与其具有遗传学上的亲缘关系且生化特性也类似的细菌。作为蜡样芽孢杆菌群,例如可列举出选自蜡样芽孢杆菌、炭疽杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌、假蕈状芽孢杆菌、韦氏芽胞杆菌、细胞毒素芽孢杆菌及东洋芽孢杆菌中的细菌。本发明优选用于检测其中的蜡样芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌、蕈状芽孢杆菌及韦氏芽胞杆菌,进一步优选用于检测蜡样芽孢杆菌、苏云金芽孢杆菌。
在本发明的培养基中,使用具有能够被检测出的显色性或荧光性的游离基的磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物作为显色性或荧光性底物。通过作为本发明的检测对象的蜡样芽孢杆菌产生的磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C(PI-PLC),该底物被分解,从而游离出能够被检测出的显色性或荧光性的游离基。
作为这种PI-PLC的显色性或荧光性的底物,可列举出5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基肌醇-1-磷酸酯、5-溴-6-氯-3-吲哚基肌醇-1-磷酸酯、6-氯-3-吲哚基肌醇-1-磷酸酯、4-甲基伞形酮肌醇1-磷酸酯、4-硝基苯基-肌醇-1-磷酸酯、荧光素-肌醇-1-磷酸酯及它们的盐。其中,就显色性、容易识别菌落这一点而言,特别优选5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基肌醇-1-磷酸酯(以下,有时也将其称作X-IP)。
在本发明中,通过使用PI-PLC的显色性或荧光性的底物作为显色底物,能够以仅利用作为针对除蜡样芽孢杆菌群以外的微生物(以下,也将其称作“其他微生物”)的繁殖抑制剂的甲氧苄啶而不会抑制蜡样芽孢杆菌群的繁殖的方式,不依赖于温度条件地明确地识别蜡样芽孢杆菌群的菌落。因此,其在无需添加专利文献1中所必须的多粘菌素B及林可霉素这一点上也是有利的。
从良好的显色性、鉴定性这一点出发,PI-PLC的显色性或荧光性的底物在培养基中的含量,以检测时的浓度计,优选0.001~10g/L,更优选0.01~5g/L,进一步优选0.1~1g/L。
本发明的培养基中所使用的甲氧苄啶作为其他微生物的生长抑制剂而发挥作用。通过添加甲氧苄啶,能够抑制众多除蜡样芽孢杆菌群以外的革兰氏阳性菌(尤其是葡萄球菌属、肠球菌(Enterococcus)属)、革兰氏阴性菌的生长。特别是,对革兰氏阴性菌的生长抑制作用较强,并且也对除蜡样芽孢杆菌群以外的革兰氏阳性菌起作用。
作为甲氧苄啶,具体而言,可列举出甲氧苄啶及其乳酸盐等。
甲氧苄啶在培养基中的含量没有特别限定,以检测时的浓度计,优选0.01~500mg/L,更优选0.1~50mg/L,进一步优选1~5mg/L。
在本发明的培养基中,除了含有上述两种成分以外,出于增强抑制革兰氏阴性菌繁殖的目的,优选含有β-内酰胺类抗生素。作为该β-内酰胺类抗生素,可使用选自青霉素类、头孢烯类、碳青霉烯类、单环菌素类及培南类抗生素中的一种或两种以上。其中,从增强抑制革兰氏阴性菌繁殖这一点出发,更优选头孢烯类抗生素或单环菌素类抗生素。
作为头孢烯类抗生素,有第三代头孢菌素,例如可列举出头孢曲松、头孢噻肟、头孢唑肟、头孢他啶、头孢哌酮、头孢磺啶、头孢布烯、头孢他美等。此外,作为单环菌素类抗生素,可列举出氨曲南、替吉莫南、卡芦莫南、诺卡菌素、烟草野火病菌毒素(tabtoxin)。其中,优选使用头孢他啶或氨曲南。关于β-内酰胺类抗生素在培养基中的含量,以检测时的浓度计,优选0.001~100mg/L,更优选0.01~25mg/L,进一步优选0.5~5mg/L。
此外,优选本发明的培养基进一步含有抗真菌剂。作为抗真菌剂,可使用选自多烯类(例如两性霉素B等)、康定(candins)类(例如米卡芬净、卡泊芬净等)、唑类(例如氟康唑、伏力康唑、依曲康唑等)、烯丙胺类(例如特比萘芬等)、氟吡啶类(例如氟胞嘧啶等)中的一种或两种以上。其中,出于抑制真菌类繁殖的目的,优选含有两性霉素B。抗真菌剂在培养基中的浓度没有特别限制,以检测时的浓度计,优选0.001~100mg/L,更优选0.1~10mg/L,进一步优选1~5mg/L。
进一步,优选使本发明的培养基中含有糖醇类和/或无机盐类。
在此,作为糖醇类,例如可列举出单糖或低聚糖的糖醇,可列举出赤藓醇、木糖醇、山梨糖醇、甘露醇、麦芽糖醇等。其中,由于使用甘露醇时容易识别蜡样芽孢杆菌群,因此优选。这些糖醇类可以单独使用一种,也可以混合使用两种以上。
糖醇类在培养基中的含量没有特别限定,以检测时的浓度计,优选1~50g/L,更优选5~30g/L,特别优选5~20g/L。
此外,作为无机盐类,可列举出氯化钠、硫代硫酸钠等无机酸金属盐;柠檬酸铁铵、柠檬酸钠等有机酸金属盐等。其中,优选所述无机酸金属盐,其中,由于使用氯化钠时容易识别蜡样芽孢杆菌群,因此优选。这些无机盐类可以单独使用一种,也可以混合使用两种以上。
无机盐类在培养基中的含量没有特别限定,以检测时的浓度计,优选0.1~20g/L,更优选1~10g/L,特别优选3~8g/L。
除了上述培养基成分以外,本发明的培养基也可以含有碳源、氮源、矿物质、维生素类等菌体营养成分或pH调节剂等培养基成分。
例如,作为碳源,可列举出选自葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖、蔗糖等中的一种以上的物质;作为氮源,可列举出选自蛋白质分解物(酪蛋白胨、大豆蛋白胨、肉蛋白胨等)、酵母提取物、肉提取物、鱼肉提取物等中的一种以上的物质;作为该矿物质源,可列举出选自铜、锌、镁、钴等中的一种以上的物质;作为维生素类,可列举出选自烟酸、泛酸盐、生物素、核黄素、叶酸等中的一种以上的物质。
此外,作为用于pH调节剂的成分,例如可列举出草酸、乙酸、富马酸、苹果酸、乳酸、葡糖酸、酒石酸等的有机酸盐;磷酸、盐酸、硫酸等的无机盐;碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠等碳酸盐;氢氧化钠等氢氧化物;氨气或氨水;柠檬酸胺类;低级烷醇胺类;精氨酸、赖氨酸等碱性氨基酸等。这些用于pH调节剂的成分可以单独使用一种,也可以混合使用两种以上。此时,以培养基的pH优选为5~8、更优选为6.5~7.7、进一步优选为6.8~7.4的方式进行调节即可。
进一步,为了制成固体或半固体培养基,也可以使本发明的培养基中含有明胶、琼脂、黄原胶、槐豆胶、瓜尔豆胶、卡拉胶等天然来源的物质或羟乙基纤维素等合成产生的物质等固体化成分或凝胶化成分。这些成分可以单独使用一种,也可以混合使用两种以上。
此外,对于本发明的培养基,也可以使用纤维质吸水片等纤维质液体吸收材料并使其吸收液体培养基,将其用作简易培养基。作为该纤维,例如可列举出源自植物、动物等的天然纤维;源自化学合成、玻璃纤维等的化学纤维等,此外,优选将纤维制成片状而成的无纺布。
作为简易培养基,例如可列举出通过日本特开昭57-502200号公报、日本特开平3-15379号公报、日本特开平2-65798号公报、日本特开平6-181741号公报、日本特开平9-19282号公报及日本特开2000-325072公报中记载的配制方法制作的简易培养基。
作为简易培养基的一个具体实例,可列举出以下的简易培养基等:使含有(a)可溶于水及醇的粘合剂、(b)可溶于水但不溶于醇的凝胶化剂及(c)菌体营养成分的培养基组成物,担载于具有大于该凝胶化剂的网孔的纤维状吸水片而成的简易培养基(日本特开平9-19282号公报);使含有(a)0.01~0.4重量%的可溶于水及醇的粘合剂、(b)可溶于水但不溶于醇的凝胶化剂及(c)菌体营养成分的醇悬浊液,含浸于载置于防水平板上的具有大于该凝胶化剂的粒径的网孔的纤维质吸水片中,一边抑制醇快速蒸发一边进行干燥,使吸水片固定在防水平板上而成的简易培养基(日本特开2000-325072公报)。
作为上述可溶于水及醇的粘合剂,可列举出羟丙基纤维素、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等。此外,作为上述可溶于水但不溶于醇的凝胶化剂,可列举出上述的固体化成分或凝胶化成分的例示物质等。优选该凝胶化剂的平均粒径为0.5~50μm。
本发明的培养基的形态没有特别限定,例如可列举出液体培养基、琼脂培养基及片状简易培养基等。作为此时的制作方法,例如可列举出以下方法等:在向上述各培养基组成成分中添加纯化水等并进行混合搅拌之后,利用高压釜等进行灭菌,并将其分注至灭菌培养皿等中,进行冷却或放冷的方法(此时,可在利用高压釜进行灭菌之后在分注前另外添加酶底物、抗生素等不耐热的成分。);在向上述各培养基成分添加醇或纯化水等并进行混合搅拌之后,将其分注至收纳有纤维质液体吸收材料的容器(塑料、玻璃等)中,并利用伽马射线照射进行灭菌的方法。作为醇,例如可列举出乙醇、2-丙醇等。
本发明的蜡样芽孢杆菌群的检测方法中,在将标本接种于上述所得到的检测用培养基中并于规定条件下进行培养之后,鉴定该培养基上的能够被检测出的菌落。
在此,“能够被检测出的菌落”是指,具有能够通过肉眼观察或在荧光存在下确认到的特定色调的所形成的菌落,识别该菌落并鉴定蜡样芽孢杆菌群的存在。
作为标本没有特别限定,可使用食品悬浊液、厨房或厨具等环境中擦拭采集的标本或利用增菌用培养基进行培养而成的培养液、土壤悬浊液、河水、饮用水等。
该标本可以直接、或者浓缩或稀释后接种于本发明的培养基中并进行培养。此时,从菌落数的测定这一点出发,优选在接种时,将标本浓缩或稀释至10~10-10倍左右。
此外,接种法没有特别限定,优选涂布平板法、划线涂布法、滤膜法(将过滤标本后的滤膜承载于培养基上并进行培养的方法)。
培养温度没有特别限定,但优选蜡样芽孢杆菌群能够繁殖的温度、即10~48℃,特别优选30~35℃。此外,培养时间没有特别限定,但优选18~48小时,特别优选22~26小时。培养优选在静置下以好氧的方式而实施。
关于培养基中所形成的蜡样芽孢杆菌群的菌落(包含其周边)的颜色或荧光,由于本发明中使用会显色或发出荧光的酶底物,可通过该底物的显色或荧光的存在识别为蜡样芽孢杆菌群的菌落,而在没有确认到该色调或荧光的存在时,则识别为并非蜡样芽孢杆菌群的菌落。特别是当使用X-IP作为酶底物时,可通过蓝色的色调变化进行判断。如此,可鉴定标本中是否存在蜡样芽孢杆菌群以及其菌落数。
实施例
以下举出实施例,对本发明进行具体的说明,但本发明并不限定于这些实施例。
试验例1:琼脂培养基
[培养基的制作]
将以标准琼脂培养基(SMA)为基础的培养基组成示于表1,将以胰蛋白胨大豆琼脂培养基(TSA)为基础的培养基组成示于表2。
配制方法:向表1或表2的培养基组成(不包含X-IP)中添加1L纯化水,于121℃下进行15分钟加温溶解,并仔细搅拌后,添加X-IP,之后进行搅拌,以各20mL的方式分注至塑料培养皿(90Φmm)中,并静置至培养基凝固,制作以SMA为基础的本发明的培养基(SMA-BC)及以TSA为基础的本发明的培养基(TSA-BC)。
[菌株的供试]
将蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC11778在TSA中进行24小时预培养,并使用经过灭菌的0.86%NaCl溶液(灭菌生理盐水)将其调节为1×102~1×106cfu/mL,将由此获得的菌液以各0.05mL的方式接种于各培养基中。
[培养结果]
如表3所示,将各菌株供于试验并于30℃下培养22小时之后,在SMA-BC及TSA-BC中确认到了蜡样芽孢杆菌的良好生长及蓝色的显色。
根据该结果可知,若将X-IP这种具有能够被检测出的显色性的游离基的磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物与甲氧苄啶进行组合,则能够对蜡样芽孢杆菌进行检测。
[表1]
编号 | 原料名称 | 组成 |
1 | 酪蛋白胨 | 5.0g |
2 | 酵母提取物 | 2.5g |
3 | 葡萄糖 | 1.0g |
4 | 琼脂 | 15.0g |
5 | X-IP | 0.6g |
6 | 甲氧苄啶 | 0.005g |
[表2]
编号 | 原料名称 | 组成 |
1 | 蛋白胨 | 15.0g |
2 | 大豆蛋白胨 | 5.0g |
3 | 氯化钠 | 5.0g |
4 | 琼脂 | 15.0g |
5 | X-IP | 0.6g |
6 | 甲氧苄啶 | 0.005g |
[表3]
试验例2:生长试验
[培养基的制作]
对于本发明的培养基(N-BC培养基),向表4所示的培养基组成中添加表5所示的组成的羟丙基纤维素(HPC)溶液,一边搅拌一边使其悬浊之后,将0.9mL该悬浊液分注至收纳有棉片(50Φmm)的容器(50Φmm)中,并叠放两片该棉片,在非开放空间中缓慢干燥一夜之后加盖。用铝包装材料将本培养基连同干燥剂一起密封包装之后,实施表面剂量为10~20kGy的伽马射线照射来进行灭菌。
[菌株的供试]
供试菌株使用在TSA中进行了24小时预培养而成的菌株,并使用灭菌生理盐水将其调节为1×101~1×104cfu/mL,将由此获得菌液以各1mL的方式接种于N-BC培养基中。
[培养结果]
如表6所示,将各菌株供于试验并于30℃下培养24小时之后,在N-BC培养基中确认到了蜡样芽孢杆菌的良好生长及蓝色的显色。
根据该结果可知,若将X-IP这种具有能够被检测出的显色性的游离基的磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物与甲氧苄啶以及氨曲南这种β-内酰胺类抗生素进行组合,则能够进一步良好地对蜡样芽孢杆菌进行检测。此外,还可知也可以进一步添加作为抗真菌剂的两性霉素B。
[表4]
编号 | 原料名称 | 组成 |
1 | 酪蛋白胨 | 10g |
2 | 肉提取物 | 5g |
3 | 氯化钠 | 5g |
4 | 甘露醇 | 10g |
5 | 丙酮酸钠 | 1g |
6 | 甲氧苄啶<sup>※</sup> | 0.005g |
7 | 两性霉素B<sup>※</sup> | 0.00117g |
8 | 氨曲南 | 0.0005g |
9 | X-IP | 0.6g |
10 | 无水磷酸氢二钠 | 4g |
11 | 无水磷酸二氢钠 | 1g |
12 | 黄原胶 | 45g |
13 | 无水碳酸钠 | 校正量 |
※仅在表6中为“+”时添加于组成中
[表5]
编号 | 原料名称 | 组成 |
1 | 羟丙基纤维素 | 1g |
2 | 乙醇 | 0.9L |
试验例3:多菌株试验(蜡样芽孢杆菌群)
[培养基的制作]
对于N-BC培养基而言向表4所示的培养基组成中、而对于专利文献1所示的培养基(EX-BC培养基)而言向表7所示的培养基组成中,分别添加表5所示的HPC溶液,一边搅拌一边使其悬浊之后,将0.9mL该悬浊液分注至收纳有棉片(50Φmm)的容器(50Φmm)中,并叠放两片该棉片,在非开放空间中缓慢干燥一夜之后加盖。用铝包装材料将本培养基连同干燥剂一起密封包装之后,实施表面剂量为10~20kGy的伽马射线照射来进行灭菌。
此外,使用TSA、MYP琼脂培养基(MYP)、NGKG琼脂培养基(NGKG)作为对照培养基。
[菌株的供试]
供试菌株使用在TSA中进行了24小时预培养而成的菌株,并使用灭菌生理盐水将其调节为1×101~1×104cfu/mL。将该菌液以各1mL的方式接种于各培养基中。
[培养结果]
如表8所示,将各菌株供于试验并于30℃下培养22小时,由生长的菌落数计算出接种的菌浓度。此时,仅针对EX-BC于35℃下进行培养。根据本结果可知,任意一种蜡样芽孢杆菌在N-BC培养基中的生长性能均与其在TSA、MYP及NGKG中的生长性能为同等。
[表7]
编号 | 原料名称 | 组成 |
1 | 酪蛋白胨 | 10g |
2 | 肉蛋白胨 | 10g |
3 | 牛肉浸粉(Lab-Lemco Powder) | 5g |
4 | 氯化钠 | 5g |
5 | 甘氨酸 | 10g |
6 | 甘露醇 | 10g |
7 | 丙酮酸钠 | 1g |
8 | 甲氧苄啶 | 0.005g |
9 | 两性霉素B | 0.00117g |
10 | 多粘菌素B | 50万u |
11 | 林可霉素 | 0.0025g |
12 | 5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷 | 0.15g |
13 | 黄原胶 | 20g |
14 | 无水碳酸钠 | 校正量 |
[表8]
(单位:Log10 cfu/mL)
试验例4:甲氧苄啶的浓度变更试验
[培养基的制作]
以与试验例2相同的方式制作N-BC培养基。此时,将甲氧苄啶的浓度变更为0mg/L、0.1mg/L、5.0mg/L、50mg/L,并将X-IP变更为0.4g/L,从而实施试验。
[菌株的供试]
使用将表9所示的菌株在TSA中进行了24小时预培养而成的菌株,使用灭菌生理盐水将其调节为1×101~1×104cfu/mL。将该菌液以各1mL的方式接种于各培养基中。
[培养结果]
如表9所示,在将N-BC培养基的甲氧苄啶浓度设为0mg/L时,在培养24小时后,确认到了李斯特氏菌属及蜡样芽孢杆菌群的生长。然而,在将N-BC培养基的甲氧苄啶浓度设为0.1mg/L、5mg/L、50mg/L时,在培养24小时后,虽然李斯特氏菌属的生长得以抑制,但确认到了蜡样芽孢杆菌群的生长。
[表9]
试验例5:多菌株试验(非蜡样芽孢杆菌群)
[培养基的制作]
以与试验例3相同的方式制作N-BC培养基及EX-BC培养基。
[菌株的供试]
供试菌株使用在TSA中进行了24至48小时预培养而成的菌株,使用灭菌生理盐水将其调节为1×103~1×107cfu/mL。将该菌液以各1mL的方式接种于各培养基中。
[培养结果]
如表10所示,将各菌株供于试验,在N-BC中于30℃下培养22小时,在EX-BC中于35℃下培养22小时,确认到了生长的菌落。虽在N-BC培养基中确认到了单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的1株呈现出蓝色的着色,但并未确认到在作为对照培养基的EX-BC培养基中所观察到的棒状杆菌(Corynebacterium)属、肠球菌属、葡萄球菌属的假阳性。因此,可知N-BC培养基与EX-BC培养基相比,假阳性少。
[表10]
试验例6:使用了食材的研究
[培养基的制作]
以与试验例3相同的方式制作N-BC培养基、EX-BC培养基及MYP。
[菌株的供试]
将蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC 11778、ATCC14579及ATCC19637在TSA中进行24小时预培养,使用灭菌生理盐水将其调节为1×104、1×106或1×108cfu/mL,将由此获得的菌液以各0.1mL的方式添加至10g的规定食材中,在室温、冷藏或冷冻条件下静置48小时~2周,添加90mL的灭菌生理盐水,制作经消化(stomaching)的食材液标本液。将1mL该标本液接种于N-BC培养基、EX-BC培养基及MYP中。
[培养结果]
将菌株供于试验,在N-BC及MYP中于30℃下培养22小时,在EX-BC中于35℃下培养22小时,并计算各培养基中生长的菌数。如图1所示,N-BC培养基与作为对照培养基的MYP的生长差异为1×10-0.03(相对于MYP为93%),而EX-BC与作为对照培养基的MYP的生长差异为1×10-0.49(相对于MYP为32%),可知菌株的生长得到了明显改善。
试验例7:22小时培养的菌落形成能力
[培养基的制作]
以与试验例3相同的方式制作N-BC培养基及EX-BC培养基。
[菌株的供试]
使用将蜡样芽孢杆菌ATCC11778在TSA中进行了24小时预培养而成的菌株,使用灭菌生理盐水将其调节为1×102cfu/mL。将该菌液以各1mL的方式接种于各培养基中。
[培养结果]
如图2所示,将各菌株供于试验并于30℃下培养22小时,确认生长的菌落。可知N-BC培养基与作为对照培养基的EX-BC培养基相比,形成了较大的菌落,成长较快。
试验例8:与专利文献2中记载的培养基(US培养基)的对比
[培养基的制作]
将US培养基的培养基组成示于表11。
配制方法:在称量有表11的1~10的培养基组成的物质中添加1L的纯化水,于121℃下进行15分钟加温溶解,添加表11的11~14的培养基组成,并仔细搅拌,然后,以各20mL的方式分注至塑料培养皿(90Φmm)中,并静置至培养基凝固,制作US培养基。N-BC培养基以与试验例2相同的方式而制作。
[表11]
[菌株的供试]
使用将表12所示的菌株在TSA中进行了24小时预培养而成的菌株,使用灭菌生理盐水将其调节为指定浓度(103~107cfu/mL)。将该菌液以各100μL的方式接种于US培养基中,并以各1mL的方式接种于N-BC培养基中。
[培养结果]
如表12所示,将各菌株供于试验并于35℃下培养22小时之后,在US培养基中,确认到了对于李斯特氏菌属而言形成了蓝色的明显的菌落,且对于念珠菌属而言形成了白色的明显的菌落。另一方面,在将各菌株供于试验并于30℃下培养22小时之后,在N-BC培养基中,虽然对于李斯特氏菌属而言单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌中的1株的培养基整体显示出极弱的蓝色的着色,但对于念珠菌属而言并未形成菌落。
[表12]
试验例9:两性霉素B的浓度
[培养基的制作]
对于本发明的培养基(N-BC培养基),向表13所示的培养基组成中添加表5所示的组成的羟丙基纤维素(HPC)溶液,一边搅拌一边使其悬浊之后,将0.9mL该悬浊液分注至收纳有棉片(50Φmm)的容器(50Φmm)中,并叠放两片该棉片,在非开放空间内缓慢干燥一夜之后加盖。用铝包装材料将本培养基连同干燥剂一起密封包装之后,实施表面剂量为10~20kGy的伽马射线照射来进行灭菌。此时,分别以两性霉素B为0mg、0.1mg、1mg、10mg的方式对各培养基进行了调节。
[表13]
[菌株的供试]
供试菌株使用在TSA中进行了24至48小时预培养而成的菌株,使用灭菌生理盐水将其调节为1×102~1×105cfu/mL。将该菌液以各1mL的方式接种于各培养基中。
[培养结果]
如表14所示,将各菌株供于试验并于30℃下培养24小时至44小时,确认生长的菌落。在24小时培养中,在N-BC培养基中,虽然对蜡样芽孢杆菌及苏云金芽孢杆菌的3株确认到了蓝色的菌落,但并未对白色念珠菌的2株观察到生长。另一方面,在进行了44小时培养的情况下,蜡样芽孢杆菌及苏云金芽孢杆菌的3株与24小时培养为相同的结果,但白色念珠菌的2株在两性霉素B为0mg或0.1mg时,菌浓度为105或104cfu/mL,观察到了生长或较弱的着色。
试验例10:琼脂培养基
[培养基的制作]
将以TSA为基础的培养基组成示于表15。
配制方法:向表15的培养基组成(不含X-IP、氨曲南、头孢他啶)中添加1L的纯化水,于121℃下进行15分钟加温溶解,仔细搅拌之后,添加X-IP并根据需要添加氨曲南或头孢他啶,之后进行搅拌,以各20mL的方式分注至塑料培养皿(90Φmm)中,并静置至培养基凝固,制作TSA-BC。
[表15]
编号 | 原料名称 | 组成 |
1 | 蛋白胨 | 15.0g |
2 | 大豆蛋白胨 | 5.0g |
3 | 氯化钠 | 5.0g |
4 | 琼脂 | 15.0g |
5 | X-IP | 0.4g |
6 | 甲氧苄啶 | 5mg |
7 | 两性霉素B | 1.12mg |
8 | 氨曲南或头孢他啶 | 0、0.05、0.5、5mg |
[菌株的供试]
将表16所示的菌株在TSA中进行24小时预培养,使用灭菌生理盐水将其调节为1×101~1×105cfu/mL,将由此获得的菌液以各0.05mL的方式接种于各培养基中。
[培养结果]
如表16所示,在将各菌株供于试验并于30℃下培养22小时之后,在TSA-BC中确认到了蜡样芽孢杆菌的良好生长及蓝色的显色。然而,通过添加氨曲南或头孢他啶,大肠杆菌或产气肠杆菌的白色菌落的形成得以抑制。
[表16]
综上,若使用本发明的培养基,则能够准确且高效并简单地鉴别检查试样中是否存在蜡样芽孢杆菌群。并且该培养基价格低廉且配制也简便。因此,该培养基可广泛用于常规的食品或饮料、水等的检查或制造工序检查等。
Claims (7)
1.一种蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其含有磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物与甲氧苄啶,所述磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物具有能够被检测出的显色性或荧光性的游离基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其进一步含有β-内酰胺类抗生素。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其进一步含有抗真菌剂。
4.根据权利要求1~3中任一项所述的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其中,具有能够被检测出的显色性或荧光性的游离基的磷脂酰肌醇特异性磷脂酶C底物选自5-溴-4-氯-3-吲哚基肌醇-1-磷酸酯、5-溴-6-氯-3-吲哚基肌醇-1-磷酸酯、6-氯-3-吲哚基肌醇-1-磷酸酯、4-甲基伞形酮肌醇1-磷酸酯、4-硝基苯基-肌醇-1-磷酸酯、荧光素-肌醇-1-磷酸酯及它们的盐。
5.根据权利要求2~4中任一项所述的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其中,β-内酰胺类抗生素选自青霉素类、头孢烯类、碳青霉烯类、单环菌素类及培南类抗生素。
6.根据权利要求1~5中任一项所述的蜡样芽孢杆菌群检测用培养基,其中,蜡样芽孢杆菌群为选自蜡样芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cereus)、炭疽杆菌(Bacillus anthracis)、苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis)、蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus mycoides)、假蕈状芽孢杆菌(Bacillus pseudomycoides)、韦氏芽胞杆菌(Bacillus weihenstephanensis)、细胞毒素芽孢杆菌(Bacillus cytotoxicus)及东洋芽孢杆菌(Bacillus toyonensis)中的细菌。
7.一种蜡样芽孢杆菌群的检测方法,其特征在于,
将标本接种于权利要求1~6中任一项所述的培养基中并进行培养之后,鉴定该培养基上的能够被检测出的菌落。
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