CN115303927A - Layered hoisting method for large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell - Google Patents
Layered hoisting method for large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell Download PDFInfo
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- CN115303927A CN115303927A CN202110496394.4A CN202110496394A CN115303927A CN 115303927 A CN115303927 A CN 115303927A CN 202110496394 A CN202110496394 A CN 202110496394A CN 115303927 A CN115303927 A CN 115303927A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C1/00—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles
- B66C1/10—Load-engaging elements or devices attached to lifting or lowering gear of cranes or adapted for connection therewith for transmitting lifting forces to articles or groups of articles by mechanical means
- B66C1/12—Slings comprising chains, wires, ropes, or bands; Nets
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The invention belongs to a hoisting method, and particularly relates to a layered hoisting method for a large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell. A layered hoisting method for a large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps: hoisting preparation; step two: assembling, reinforcing, peripheral equipment increasing and support manufacturing; step three: hoisting; step four: according to the hot cell attachment. The invention has the following remarkable effects: the method can well hoist the large-size (20 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 14m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height)) thin-wall (20-30 mm) heavy-weight hot chamber shell to a specified position, and can ensure that the internal stress is uniform and the shell cannot deform.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to a hoisting method, and particularly relates to a layered hoisting method for a large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell.
Background
The hot chamber is one of the core components of a spent fuel post-treatment industrial plant, and is an important guarantee for ensuring the safe operation of the spent fuel post-treatment process.
The hot cell housing is the skeleton of the hot cell for housing the various components within the hot cell. Because the size of the hot chamber shell is larger, generally 20 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 14m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height), the wall thickness of the shell is thinner (generally 20-30 mm), the weight is larger, when the shell is introduced into a factory building, the interior is easy to deform under stress, the shell area is large, the hoisting radius in construction is large, wind load seriously affects hoisting operation, the construction difficulty is large, and the hoisting quality and the construction safety of the shell are affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at the defects of the prior art and provides a layered hoisting method for a large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell.
The invention is realized in the following way: a layered hoisting method for a large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: hoisting preparation;
step two: assembling, reinforcing, adding peripheral equipment and manufacturing support;
step three: hoisting;
step four: according to hot cell accessories.
The method for hoisting the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell in a layered manner is characterized in that the first step comprises,
s1, planning a hot chamber module transportation route, a crane traveling route and an assembling field, and ensuring smooth operation of subsequent operation;
and S2, combining the hoisting model diagram shown in the figure 2, fixedly arranging a bottom support tool for supporting the hot chamber shell on a construction site, wherein the bottom support tool comprises a support base plate, a vertical baffle and a vertical supporting rod, the support base plate and the vertical supporting rod are vertically connected into a T-shaped frame, the support base plate and the vertical baffle are connected into an L-shaped frame, the whole bottom support tool is sequentially arranged according to the in-place reference of the hot chamber shell, after the arrangement is finished, the vertical supporting rod part of the tool is poured and embedded once, and after the hot chamber is installed, the bottom support tool is completely poured in concrete.
The method for hoisting the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell in a layered manner comprises the second step,
and S3, combining the model drawing of the lifting of the drawing 2, and completing the assembly of the lower shell 2 and the upper shell 3 in an assembly field.
The method for hoisting the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell in a layered manner is characterized in that the second step comprises the following steps,
s4, manufacturing reinforcing tools in the shell and outside to prevent deformation during hoisting, welding the reinforcing tools inside the shell by using channel steel to form an X shape, welding the reinforcing tools outside the shell at intervals on edges and surfaces of back ribs of the shell to form channel steel reinforcing, and forming X-shaped welding channel steel on the top of each layer of the shell.
The method for hoisting the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell in a layered manner is characterized in that the second step comprises the following steps,
step S5, a plurality of hangers are welded on the outer side back ribs of the lower shell, so that later-stage constructors can conveniently operate when the upper layer and the lower layer of the hot chamber are butted, each hanger mainly comprises a standing platform and a protective fence, the standing platform is welded with a triangular support under a steel plate, the fence is welded into a 'field' shape by using channel steel, the hangers are welded around the standing platform, later-stage constructors can operate on the standing platform of the hangers, and safety belts can be hung on the guardrails and play a role in protection.
The method for hoisting the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell in a layered manner is characterized in that the second step comprises the following steps,
and S6, manufacturing a hot chamber shell upper layer supporting tool, wherein the whole tool is h-shaped and is similar to a chair, the upper layer shell is seated on the tool, and the tool is welded on the lower layer shell back rib at a fixed interval and is used for positioning, fixing and adjusting the upper layer shell.
The method for hoisting the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell in a layered manner is characterized in that the third step comprises the following steps,
s7, hanging two-stage balance beam hoisting rigging on the crane, wherein the balance beam is made of H-shaped steel, and two rows of upper and lower lifting lugs are arranged at two ends of the H-shaped steel, and the hanging method comprises the following specific steps: connect one-level compensating beam both ends with wire rope under the crane couple, one-level compensating beam both ends are respectively hung and are established a second grade compensating beam, one-level compensating beam is similar a "balance", establish a second grade compensating beam is respectively hung at "balance" both ends, the second grade compensating beam both ends of one end are connected on the lug of casing back of the body rib with wire rope, connect the chain block under the second grade compensating beam of the other end, hang again under the chain block and establish wire rope, wire rope reconnects on the lug of casing back of the body rib, carry out the leveling through the chain block.
The method for hoisting the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell in a layered manner is characterized in that the third step comprises the following steps,
s8, hoisting the lower layer of the hot chamber shell, firstly performing empty hook simulation on hoisting construction with the largest hoisting radius according to a formal hoisting process before hoisting, arranging observers to stand on the side surfaces of hoisted objects for observation, verifying that the safe distance between each structure and each crane in the rotation process of the hoisting arm meets the hoisting requirement, verifying that a signal transmission system is smooth and accurate, requiring the tower crane to stop hoisting construction operation within the operation influence range during the empty hook simulation and hoisting construction activities, and stopping when the tower crane rotates to the outside of the rotation range of the hoisting arm of the crawler crane;
s9, connecting a lower shell of a hot chamber according to a manufactured two-stage balance beam hoisting cable, slightly hoisting a hook by a crawler crane, placing a steel wire rope in a stressed state, tying a hemp rope on the steel wire rope at each lifting lug to be used as the hoisting cable to remove, after the steel wire rope is stressed, removing a scaffold during shell assembly, after confirming that the shell is not connected with an assembly platform or other facilities, hoisting the shell away from the platform by about 200mm, checking again, after the shell is not flat, placing the shell on the assembly platform, adjusting again by using a leveling chain block on the two-stage balance beam hoisting cable until leveling, hanging two hemp ropes at a profile steel back rib at the bottom of the shell to be used as sliding ropes, in the hoisting process, controlling the orientation of the shell, corresponding angle hanging of the sliding ropes, after leveling, hoisting the shell away from the assembly platform by 200mm for trial hoisting, checking whether the hoisting tool connection is stable or not, whether the crane performance is normal or not, and whether the shell and a reinforcing structure are abnormally deformed or not are detected;
s10, after the test hoisting is qualified, continuously hoisting the shell until the height of the shell exceeds 2m of the building height, and adjusting the length direction of the hot chamber shell to be consistent with the rotation direction of the hoisting arm through a sliding rope; then continuing to rotate the main arm, wherein in the process, an observer observes on the side surface, and when the distance between the shell and the building or the auxiliary structure is less than 1m, the distance is reported to a command and a driver through the interphone; after receiving the information, the command lifting hook lifts the hook to the installation distance and then rotates, the hook is slowly dropped until the hook is above the installation position, the hook is stopped when the hook is about 2m away from the installation elevation, in the process, the hot room installation teams and the crane worker pay attention to observing the distance between the civil engineering steel bar, the scaffold and the hot room shell, when collision possibly occurs, the command is sent to the hot room installation teams and the crane worker, the crane command sends a hook dropping stopping command, the crawler crane driver stops the hook dropping, and the hook dropping can be continued after the processing is completed; when the hot chamber installation team confirms that the hot chamber shell meets the installation requirement, the crawler crane slowly falls off the hook and unloads the crawler crane step by step until the hoisting rigging is not stressed; separating the steel wire rope from the lifting lug by pulling open the hemp rope hung on the steel wire rope below the secondary beam; lifting the crawler crane hook after the steel wire rope is separated, and lifting the sling out of the mounting position; hoisting the lower shell of the hot chamber in place, adjusting the elevation by adding a sizing block above a bottom supporting tool, driving a wedge between a positioning baffle on the supporting tool and the back rib steel outside the shell to adjust the axis direction, and adjusting the lower shell of the hot chamber to the designed elevation;
s11, hoisting an upper shell of the hot chamber after the lower shell of the hot chamber is adjusted and fixed, hoisting the upper shell of the hot chamber slowly on a support tool welded on the outer side of the lower shell by selecting a hoisting tool and the same hanging type as that of the lower shell, after the upper shell is hoisted in place, driving an inclined iron into a gap between the support tool and a reinforcing tool to adjust the misalignment amount and the gap, so that the crawler crane cannot be unhooked immediately after the design requirements are met, welding the upper and lower shells of the hot chamber and the back rib of the hot chamber, unhooking the upper shell and the back rib of the hot chamber only when the connecting welding line is finished by more than 2/3, gradually unloading the crawler crane in the unhooking process, observing whether the shell or the support has abnormal deformation after each time of unloading, and unloading the next stage after safety is confirmed until all the unloading of the load is finished.
The method for hoisting the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell in a layered manner is characterized in that the fourth step comprises the following steps,
and S12, after the hot chamber shell is installed, installing the hot chamber accessories at the corresponding position of the hot chamber shell according to the installation elevation and the positioning of the hot chamber accessories, completing the installation of the hot chamber shell, carrying out steel bar and concrete construction, reinforcing and reliably supporting the interior of the hot chamber shell and the interior of an easily-deformed part before concrete pouring, preventing the hot chamber shell from being deformed due to stress, and adding a soft cushion between the contact surface of the support and the hot chamber shell to prevent the surface of the hot chamber shell from being damaged.
The invention has the following remarkable effects: the method can well hoist the large-size (20 multiplied by 6 multiplied by 14m (length multiplied by width multiplied by height)) thin-wall (20-30 mm) and heavy-weight hot chamber shell to a specified position, and can ensure that the inner part is stressed uniformly and is not deformed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the steps;
FIG. 2 is a view of a model of a hot chamber housing hoist;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a hot cell bottom support tooling;
FIG. 4 is a layout view of a bottom support tooling for the hot cell;
FIG. 5 is a view of a hot cell upper housing reinforcement pattern;
FIG. 6 illustrates a view of a reinforcing model of the lower shell of the hot cell;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a hanger;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a hot cell upper shell support fixture;
FIG. 9 is a model view of a two-stage balance beam hoist rigging;
FIG. 10 is a (forward) view of the two-stage equalizer beam hoist rigging P;
FIG. 11 is a (rear) view of the two-stage equalizer beam hoist rigging Q;
FIG. 12 is a V (lateral) view of the two-stage equalizer beam hoist rigging;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of two-stage equalizer beam hoist leveling;
FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of a rigging wire rope connection.
Detailed Description
A layered hoisting method for a large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell comprises the following steps:
s1, planning a hot chamber module transportation route, a crane (the type of the crane is determined according to actual engineering, and a large hot chamber shell is taken as an example and a crawler crane is used) traveling route and an assembly field, and ensuring smooth proceeding of subsequent operation;
step S2, combining the hoisting model diagram shown in the figure 2, fixedly arranging a bottom supporting tool (see figures 3 and 4) for supporting the hot chamber shell on a construction site, wherein the bottom supporting tool comprises a supporting bottom plate, a vertical baffle plate and a vertical supporting rod, the supporting bottom plate and the vertical supporting rod are vertically connected into a T-shaped frame, the supporting bottom plate and the vertical baffle plate are connected into an L-shaped frame, the whole bottom supporting tool is sequentially arranged according to the in-place standard of the hot chamber shell, after the arrangement is finished, the vertical supporting rod part of the tool is poured and embedded at one time, and after the hot chamber is installed, the bottom supporting tool is completely poured into concrete;
s3, combining the model drawing of the lifting of the drawing 2, and completing the assembly of the lower shell 2 and the upper shell 3 in an assembly field; the step is realized by adopting the prior art;
s4, manufacturing reinforcing tools in the shell and outside to prevent deformation during hoisting (see figures 5 and 6), welding the reinforcing tools inside the shell in an X shape by using channel steel, welding the reinforcing tools outside the shell at intervals on each edge and surface of a back rib of the shell to reinforce the channel steel, and welding channel steel in an X shape on the top of each layer of the shell;
s5, welding a plurality of hanging racks on back ribs on the outer side of the lower shell to facilitate later-stage constructors to operate when the upper layer and the lower layer of the hot chamber are in butt joint, wherein each hanging rack (see figure 7) mainly comprises a standing platform and a protective fence, the standing platform is welded with a triangular support under a steel plate, the fence is welded into a field shape by channel steel and is welded around the standing platform, later-stage constructors can stand on the standing platform of the hanging racks for operation, and safety belts can be hung on the guardrails to play a role in protection;
s6, manufacturing an upper-layer supporting tool (see figure 8) of the hot chamber shell, wherein the tool is integrally h-shaped and is similar to a chair, the upper-layer shell is seated on the tool, and the tool is welded on a back rib of the lower-layer shell at a fixed interval and is used for positioning, fixing and adjusting the upper-layer shell;
and S7, hanging a two-stage balance beam sling (see figure 9) on the crane, wherein the balance beam is made of H-shaped steel, and two rows of lifting lugs are arranged at two ends of the H-shaped steel. The hanging method comprises the following steps: the two ends of a primary balance beam are connected with the lower part of a hook of a crane through steel wire ropes, a secondary balance beam (the primary balance beam is similar to a balance, and the two ends of the balance are respectively provided with a secondary balance beam) in a hanging way, the two ends of the secondary balance beam at one end are connected with a lifting lug of a back rib of a shell through the steel wire ropes, the lower part of the secondary balance beam at the other end is connected with a chain block, the steel wire ropes are hung under the chain block and then connected with the lifting lug of the back rib of the shell, and leveling is carried out through the chain block;
and S8, hoisting the lower layer of the hot chamber shell, and firstly performing empty hook simulation on the hoisting construction with the largest hoisting radius according to the formal hoisting process before hoisting. Arranging observation personnel to stand on the side surface of the hoisted object for observation, verifying that the safe distance between the boom and each structure in the rotation process meets the hoisting requirement, verifying that a signal transmission system is smooth and accurate, requiring the tower crane to stop hoisting construction operation within the operation influence range during empty hook simulation and hoisting construction activities, and stopping when the tower crane rotates to the outside of the rotation range of the boom of the crawler crane;
s9, connecting a lower shell of a hot chamber according to a manufactured two-stage balance beam hoisting cable, slightly hoisting a hook by a crawler crane, placing a steel wire rope in a stressed state, tying a hemp rope on the steel wire rope at each lifting lug to be used as the hoisting cable to remove, after the steel wire rope is stressed, removing a scaffold during shell assembly, after confirming that the shell is not connected with an assembly platform or other facilities, hoisting the shell away from the platform by about 200mm, checking again, after the shell is not flat, placing the shell on the assembly platform, adjusting again by using a leveling chain block on the two-stage balance beam hoisting cable until leveling, hanging two hemp ropes at a profile steel back rib at the bottom of the shell to be used as sliding ropes, in the hoisting process, controlling the orientation of the shell, corresponding angle hanging of the sliding ropes, after leveling, hoisting the shell away from the assembly platform by 200mm for trial hoisting, checking whether the hoisting tool connection is stable or not, whether the crane performance is normal or not, and whether the shell and a reinforcing structure are abnormally deformed or not are detected;
s10, after the test hoisting is qualified, continuously hoisting the shell until the height of the shell exceeds 2m of the building height, and adjusting the length direction of the hot chamber shell to be consistent with the rotation direction of the hoisting arm through a sliding rope; then continuing to rotate the main arm, wherein in the process, an observer observes on the side surface, and when the distance between the shell and the building or the auxiliary structure is less than 1m, the observation is reported to a command and a driver through the interphone; after receiving the information, the command lifting hook lifts the hook to the installation distance and then rotates until the hook falls slowly above the installation position, and stops falling when the distance is about 2m from the installation elevation; when the hot chamber installation team confirms that the hot chamber shell meets the installation requirement, the crawler crane slowly falls off the hook and unloads the crawler crane step by step until the hoisting rigging is not stressed; separating the steel wire rope from the lifting lug by pulling open the hemp rope hung on the steel wire rope below the secondary beam; lifting the crawler crane hook after the steel wire rope is separated, and lifting the sling out of the mounting position; hoisting the lower shell of the hot chamber in place, adjusting the elevation by adding a sizing block above a bottom supporting tool, driving a wedge between a positioning baffle on the supporting tool and the back rib steel outside the shell to adjust the axis direction, and adjusting the lower shell of the hot chamber to the designed elevation;
s11, hoisting an upper shell of the hot chamber after the lower shell of the hot chamber is adjusted and fixed, slowly hoisting the upper shell of the hot chamber on a support tool welded on the outer side of the lower shell by selecting a sling and the same hanging type as that of the lower shell when the upper shell is hoisted in place, driving an inclined iron into a gap between the support tool and a reinforcing tool to adjust the misalignment amount and the gap on site after the upper shell is hoisted in place, ensuring that the crawler crane cannot be unhooked immediately after the design requirement is met, welding the upper and lower shells of the hot chamber and the back rib of the hot chamber, unhooking the upper shell of the hot chamber and the back rib of the hot chamber until the connecting welding line is more than 2/3, gradually unloading the crawler crane in the unhooking process, observing whether the shell of the hot chamber or the support has abnormal deformation after the unloading, and unloading the next stage after the safety is confirmed until the unloading of the load is completely finished;
and S12, after the hot chamber shell is installed, installing the hot chamber accessory at a corresponding position of the hot chamber shell according to the installation elevation and the positioning of the hot chamber accessory, completing the construction of reinforcing steel bars and concrete for the hot chamber shell, reinforcing and reliably supporting the interior of the hot chamber shell and the interior of an easily-deformed part before the concrete is poured, preventing the hot chamber shell from deforming under stress, and adding a soft cushion between the contact surface of the support and the hot chamber shell to prevent the surface of the hot chamber shell from being damaged.
A specific example is given below.
Before the method is implemented, planning is firstly made on a hot chamber module transportation route, a crane (the type of the crane is determined according to actual engineering, and a large hot chamber shell is taken as an example and a crawler crane) traveling route and an assembly field, so that the subsequent operation is ensured to be smoothly carried out;
as shown in fig. 2, firstly, a bottom support tool 1 (detailed appearance structure is shown in fig. 3) is manufactured at an installation position, the bottom support tool is mainly used for positioning, adjusting and fixing a hot chamber shell and is one of keys for smoothly completing the whole hoisting process with high quality and low risk, as shown in fig. 3, the hot chamber bottom support tool is manufactured by channel steel, the bottom support tool comprises a support bottom plate 1-1-2, a vertical baffle plate 1-1-3 and a vertical support rod 1-1, all the bottom support tool is manufactured by channel steel, the support bottom plate and the vertical support rod are vertically connected into a T-shaped frame, the support bottom plate and the vertical baffle plate are connected into an L-shaped frame, the L-shaped frame is integrally L-shaped, and 1-4 in fig. 3 is a shell reinforcing tool (detailed shell reinforcing tool is shown in 2-1 in fig. 6 and is detailed later) for reinforcing the shell 1-5 and preventing deformation in the hoisting process, elevation adjustment is performed by adding an adjusting shim iron 1-2 above the support tool, and horizontal adjustment is performed by adding an oblique iron 1-3; the whole bottom supporting tool is sequentially arranged by taking a design elevation as a reference, the arrangement schematic diagram is shown in figure 4 in detail, wherein 1-1 is the bottom supporting tool, 2 is a lower shell of a hot chamber, after the arrangement is finished, the vertical supporting rod part needs to be poured and embedded once, and after the hot chamber is installed, the bottom supporting tool is completely poured in concrete;
after the bottom support tool is manufactured, as shown in fig. 2, the lower shell 2 and the upper shell 3 are assembled in an assembly field (the hoisting method is mainly discussed here, the assembling is not specifically described), and reinforcing tools are manufactured inside and outside the shells to prevent deformation during hoisting, the internal reinforcing tool is shown in fig. 3-3 of an upper shell model of fig. 5, the internal reinforcing tool is welded inside the shell in an X shape, the external reinforcing tool is shown in fig. 3-1 of an upper shell model of fig. 5 and fig. 2-1 of a lower shell model of fig. 6, the external reinforcing tool is welded at intervals with channel steel on each edge and surface of a back rib of the shell and is welded with channel steel in an X shape at the top of each layer of the shell; after the reinforcing tool is manufactured, a plurality of hanging racks are installed on the outer side of the lower shell, so that later-stage constructors can conveniently operate when the upper layer and the lower layer of the hot chamber are in butt joint, the hanging racks are composed of triangular supporting frames 2-6 and 2-5 fences as shown in fig. 7, the hanging racks are welded on 4-1 back ribs (the back ribs are shown in 2-2 in fig. 6 in detail) outside the 4-2 shell, steel plates are welded on the triangular supporting frames, and later-stage splicing constructors can stand on the steel plates to hang safety belts on the guardrails;
after the hanger is manufactured, an upper layer supporting tool of the hot chamber shell is manufactured, as shown in fig. 8, the tool is positioned on a back rib 2-10 of a lower layer shell and used for positioning, fixing and adjusting the upper layer shell, the tool is formed by welding 2-7H-shaped steel, 2-9 channel steel and 2-10 lower shell back ribs, the whole body is H-shaped, 2-11 is a gap 3-3 between the supporting tool and an upper shell reinforcing tool, and the position of the shell in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction can be adjusted by increasing an adjusting sizing block;
the hanging two-stage balance beam hoisting rigging is shown in a figure 9 (in the figure 9, 4-1 is a first-stage balance beam, 4-8-1 and 4-8-2 is a second-stage balance beam), the detailed structure is shown in figures 10, 11, 12, 13 and 14, in a figure 12 hoisting rigging V-direction view, two steel wire ropes 4-2-1 and 4-2-2 hung below a lifting hook 4-1 are respectively used in a double-folding mode (the double-folding use method is shown in figure 14), and two eye-encircling shackles 4-3-1 and 4-3-2 at the lower end of each steel wire rope are respectively connected with the upper part of the first-stage balance beam 4-4; as shown in fig. 10, the lower parts of the two ends of the first-stage balance beam 4-4 are respectively provided with a second-stage balance beam in a hanging manner, the left end of the first-stage balance beam is provided with two steel wire ropes 4-6-1 in a hanging manner by using a shackle 4-5-1, the first-stage balance beam is used in a double-folding manner, the eye part is connected with the second-stage balance beam 4-8-1 by using a shackle 4-7-1, the two ends of the second-stage balance beam 4-8-1 are respectively provided with a shackle 4-9-1 in a hanging manner by using a shackle 4-10-1, and the steel wire ropes are used in a double-folding manner and then hold 4 lifting lugs on one side of the shell; as shown in fig. 11, the right end of the first-stage balance beam is hung with two steel wire ropes 4-6-2 by a shackle 4-5-2, and is used in a double-folding manner, the eye part is connected with the second-stage balance beam 4-8-2 by a shackle 4-7-2, two ends of the second-stage balance beam 4-8-2 are respectively connected with two inverted chains 4-11 by a shackle 4-9-2, a steel wire rope 4-10-2 is hung under each inverted chain, and the steel wire rope 4-10-2 is used in a double-folding manner and then a shell lifting lug is held (the detailed hanging method refers to fig. 13, the inverted chain 4-11 is hung under the shackle 4-9-2, one eye of the steel wire rope 4-10-2 is hung on a hook of the inverted chain 4-11, the other eye is directly hung on the shackle 4-9-2, and one lifting lug 3-2 is held after the steel wire rope 4-10-2 is folded in a double-folding manner);
after the hoisting rigging is hung, the lower layer of the hot chamber shell is hoisted, and the hoisting construction with the largest hoisting radius is subjected to empty hook simulation before hoisting according to the formal hoisting process. Arranging observation personnel to stand on the side surface of the hoisted object for observation, verifying that the safe distance between the boom and each structure in the rotation process meets the hoisting requirement, verifying that a signal transmission system is smooth and accurate, requiring the tower crane to stop hoisting construction operation within the operation influence range during empty hook simulation and hoisting construction activities, and stopping when the tower crane rotates to the outside of the rotation range of the boom of the crawler crane;
connecting a lower shell of a hot chamber according to a manufactured two-stage balance beam hoisting rigging, slightly hooking a crawler crane, enabling a steel wire rope to be in a stressed state, tying and hanging a hemp rope on the steel wire rope at each lifting lug to be used as the hoisting rigging for dismantling, dismantling a scaffold during shell assembly after the steel wire rope is stressed, confirming that the shell is not connected with an assembly platform or other facilities, hoisting the shell away from the platform by about 200mm, checking again, dropping the shell on the assembly platform if the shell is not flat, then adjusting again by using a leveling chain block on the two-stage balance beam hoisting rigging until leveling, hanging two hemp ropes at a profile steel back rib at the bottom of the shell to be used as sliding ropes, controlling the orientation of the shell in the hoisting process, hanging the sliding ropes at corresponding angles, hoisting the shell away from the assembly platform by 200mm after leveling, and hoisting for 15 minutes, checking whether the connection of the hoisting rigging is stable or not, checking whether the crane performance is normal or not, and checking whether the shell and a reinforcing structure have abnormal deformation or not;
after the test hoisting is qualified, continuously hoisting the shell until the height of the shell exceeds 2m of the building height, and adjusting the length direction of the hot chamber shell to be consistent with the rotation direction of the hoisting arm through the sliding rope; then continuing to rotate the main arm, wherein in the process, an observer observes on the side surface, and when the distance between the shell and the building or the auxiliary structure is less than 1m, the distance is reported to a command and a driver through the interphone; after receiving the information, the command lifting hook lifts the hook to the installation distance and then rotates until the hook falls slowly above the installation position, and stops falling when the distance is about 2m from the installation elevation; when the hot chamber installation team confirms that the hot chamber shell meets the installation requirement, the crawler crane slowly falls off the hook and unloads the crawler crane step by step until the hoisting rigging is not stressed; separating the steel wire rope from the lifting lug by pulling open the hemp rope hung on the steel wire rope below the secondary beam; lifting the crawler crane hook after the steel wire rope is separated, and lifting the sling out of the mounting position; hoisting the lower shell of the hot chamber in place, adjusting the elevation by adding a sizing block 1-2 above a bottom support tool (see the schematic diagram of the bottom support tool in figure 3), driving a wedge 1-3 between a positioning baffle on the support tool and the back rib steel outside the shell to adjust the axis direction, and adjusting the upper shell of the hot chamber to the designed elevation;
after the lower-layer hot chamber shell is adjusted and fixed, hoisting the upper-layer hot chamber shell, wherein during hoisting of the upper layer, a hoisting rigging is selected and the hanging type is the same as that during hoisting of the lower-layer shell, the lower layer of the hot chamber is slowly hoisted on a support tool welded on the outer side of the upper-layer shell, after the upper-layer shell is hoisted in place, an inclined iron is driven into a gap (2-11 positions in figure 8) between the support tool and a reinforcement tool to adjust the misalignment amount and the gap, after the design requirement is met, the crawler crane cannot be immediately unhooked, the upper-layer hot chamber shell, the lower-layer hot chamber shell and the back rib of the hot chamber are welded, the upper layer of the hot chamber shell and the back rib of the hot chamber can be unhooked only when the connecting welding line is finished by more than 2/3, the crawler crane is unloaded step by step in the unhooking process, 10t is unloaded each time, and whether the hot chamber shell is abnormally deformed or unstable is observed after the unloading; the next stage of unloading can be carried out only after the safety is confirmed until the unloading of the load is completed;
after the hot chamber shell is installed, the hot chamber accessories are installed at the corresponding positions of the hot chamber shell according to the installation elevation and the positioning of the hot chamber accessories, the hot chamber shell is installed and constructed by reinforcing steel bars and concrete, the interior of the hot chamber shell and the interior of an easily-deformed part are reinforced and reliably supported before concrete pouring, the hot chamber shell is prevented from being stressed and deformed, and a soft cushion is additionally arranged between the support and the contact surface of the hot chamber shell to prevent the surface of the hot chamber shell from being damaged.
Claims (9)
1. A layered hoisting method for a large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: hoisting preparation;
step two: assembling, reinforcing, adding peripheral equipment and manufacturing support;
step three: hoisting;
step four: according to the hot cell attachment.
2. The method for layered hoisting of the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell as claimed in claim 1, wherein: wherein the first step comprises the following steps of,
s1, planning a hot chamber module transportation route, a crane traveling route and an assembling field, and ensuring smooth proceeding of subsequent operation;
and S2, combining the hoisting model diagram shown in the figure 2, fixedly arranging a bottom support tool for supporting the hot chamber shell on a construction site, wherein the bottom support tool comprises a support base plate, a vertical baffle and a vertical supporting rod, the support base plate and the vertical supporting rod are vertically connected into a T-shaped frame, the support base plate and the vertical baffle are connected into an L-shaped frame, the whole bottom support tool is sequentially arranged according to the in-place reference of the hot chamber shell, after the arrangement is finished, the vertical supporting rod part of the tool is poured and embedded once, and after the hot chamber is installed, the bottom support tool is completely poured in concrete.
3. The method for layered hoisting of the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell as claimed in claim 2, wherein: the second step comprises the following steps of,
and S3, combining the model drawing of the lifting of the drawing 2, and completing the assembly of the lower shell 2 and the upper shell 3 in an assembly field.
4. The method for layered hoisting of the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell as claimed in claim 3, wherein: the second step comprises the following steps of,
s4, manufacturing reinforcing tools in the shell and outside to prevent deformation during hoisting, welding the reinforcing tools inside the shell by using channel steel to form an X shape, welding the reinforcing tools outside the shell at intervals on edges and surfaces of back ribs of the shell to form channel steel reinforcing, and forming X-shaped welding channel steel on the top of each layer of the shell.
5. The method for hoisting the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell in a layered manner as claimed in claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the second step comprises the following steps of,
step S5, welding a plurality of hangers on the outer side back ribs of the lower shell, facilitating later-stage constructors to operate when the upper layer and the lower layer of the hot chamber are in butt joint, wherein the hangers mainly comprise a standing platform and a protective fence, the standing platform is welded with a triangular support under a steel plate, the fence is welded into a field shape by channel steel, the hanger is welded around the standing platform, later-stage constructors can stand on the standing platform of the hangers to operate, and the guardrails can hang safety belts and play a role in protection.
6. The method for layered hoisting of the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell as claimed in claim 5, wherein: the second step comprises the following steps of,
s6, manufacturing a hot chamber shell upper layer supporting tool, wherein the tool is integrally h-shaped and is similar to a chair, the upper layer shell is seated on the tool, and the tool is welded on the lower layer shell back rib at a fixed interval and used for positioning, fixing and adjusting the upper layer shell.
7. The method for layered hoisting of the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell as claimed in claim 6, wherein: the third step comprises the steps of,
s7, hanging two-stage balance beam hoisting rigging on the crane, wherein the balance beam is made of H-shaped steel, and two rows of upper and lower lifting lugs are arranged at two ends of the H-shaped steel, and the hanging method comprises the following specific steps: connect one-level compensating beam both ends with wire rope under the crane couple, one-level compensating beam both ends are respectively hung and are established a second grade compensating beam, one-level compensating beam is similar a "balance", establish a second grade compensating beam is respectively hung at "balance" both ends, the second grade compensating beam both ends of one end are connected on the lug of casing back of the body rib with wire rope, connect the chain block under the second grade compensating beam of the other end, hang again under the chain block and establish wire rope, wire rope reconnects on the lug of casing back of the body rib, carry out the leveling through the chain block.
8. The method for layered hoisting of the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell as claimed in claim 7, wherein: the third step comprises the steps of,
s8, hoisting the lower layer of the hot chamber shell, firstly performing empty hook simulation on hoisting construction with the largest hoisting radius according to a formal hoisting process before hoisting, arranging observers to stand on the side surfaces of hoisted objects for observation, verifying that the safe distance between each structure and each crane in the rotation process of the hoisting arm meets the hoisting requirement, verifying that a signal transmission system is smooth and accurate, requiring the tower crane to stop hoisting construction operation within the operation influence range during the empty hook simulation and hoisting construction activities, and stopping when the tower crane rotates to the outside of the rotation range of the hoisting arm of the crawler crane;
s9, connecting a lower shell of a hot chamber according to a manufactured two-stage balance beam hoisting cable, slightly hoisting a hook by a crawler crane, placing a steel wire rope in a stressed state, tying a hemp rope on the steel wire rope at each lifting lug to be used as the hoisting cable to remove, after the steel wire rope is stressed, removing a scaffold during shell assembly, after confirming that the shell is not connected with an assembly platform or other facilities, hoisting the shell away from the platform by about 200mm, checking again, after the shell is not flat, placing the shell on the assembly platform, adjusting again by using a leveling chain block on the two-stage balance beam hoisting cable until leveling, hanging two hemp ropes at a profile steel back rib at the bottom of the shell to be used as sliding ropes, in the hoisting process, controlling the orientation of the shell, corresponding angle hanging of the sliding ropes, after leveling, hoisting the shell away from the assembly platform by 200mm for trial hoisting, checking whether the hoisting tool connection is stable or not, whether the crane performance is normal or not, and whether the shell and a reinforcing structure are abnormally deformed or not are detected;
s10, after the test hoisting is qualified, continuously hoisting the shell until the height of the shell exceeds 2m of the building height, and adjusting the length direction of the hot chamber shell to be consistent with the rotation direction of the hoisting arm through a sliding rope; then continuing to rotate the main arm, wherein in the process, an observer observes on the side surface, and when the distance between the shell and the building or the auxiliary structure is less than 1m, the observation is reported to a command and a driver through the interphone; after receiving the information, the command lifting hook lifts the hook to the installation distance and then rotates, the hook is slowly dropped until the hook is above the installation position, the hook is stopped when the hook is about 2m away from the installation elevation, in the process, the hot room installation teams and the crane worker pay attention to observing the distance between the civil engineering steel bar, the scaffold and the hot room shell, when collision possibly occurs, the command is sent to the hot room installation teams and the crane worker, the crane command sends a hook dropping stopping command, the crawler crane driver stops the hook dropping, and the hook dropping can be continued after the processing is completed; when the hot chamber installation team confirms that the hot chamber shell meets the installation requirement, the crawler crane slowly falls off the hook and unloads the crawler crane step by step until the hoisting rigging is not stressed; separating the steel wire rope from the lifting lug by pulling open the hemp rope hung on the steel wire rope below the secondary beam; lifting the crawler crane hook after the steel wire rope is separated, and lifting the sling out of the mounting position; hoisting the lower shell of the hot chamber in place, adjusting the elevation by adding a sizing block above a bottom supporting tool, driving a wedge between a positioning baffle on the supporting tool and the back rib steel outside the shell to adjust the axis direction, and adjusting the lower shell of the hot chamber to the designed elevation;
s11, hoisting an upper shell of the hot chamber after the lower shell of the hot chamber is adjusted and fixed, slowly hoisting the upper shell of the hot chamber on a support tool welded on the outer side of the lower shell by selecting a sling and the same hanging type as that of the lower shell when the upper shell is hoisted, after the upper shell is hoisted in place, driving an inclined iron into a gap between the support tool and a reinforcing tool to adjust the misalignment amount and the gap, immediately unhooking the crawler crane after the design requirement is met, welding the upper and lower shells of the hot chamber and the back rib of the hot chamber, unhooking the upper shell by finishing a connecting welding line by more than 2/3, gradually unloading the crawler crane in the unhooking process, observing whether the shell or the supporting piece of the hot chamber has abnormal deformation after the unloading is carried out for 10t each time, and unloading the next stage after the safety is confirmed until the unloading of the load is finished completely.
9. The method for layered hoisting of the large-size variable-section thin-shell type hot chamber shell according to claim 8, wherein: the fourth step comprises the following steps of,
and S12, after the hot chamber shell is installed, installing the hot chamber accessory at a corresponding position of the hot chamber shell according to the installation elevation and the positioning of the hot chamber accessory, completing the construction of reinforcing steel bars and concrete for the hot chamber shell, reinforcing and reliably supporting the interior of the hot chamber shell and the interior of an easily-deformed part before the concrete is poured, preventing the hot chamber shell from deforming under stress, and adding a soft cushion between the contact surface of the support and the hot chamber shell to prevent the surface of the hot chamber shell from being damaged.
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