Background
The assembly production mode has the advantages of high construction speed, low manufacturing cost and easy quality control, thereby occupying a certain share in the construction market. Abroad, it is emerging in large-scale restorative construction in countries after the second major war; more applications exist before the 20 th century and the 90 th era in China. At present, the method is mainly used for steel structures, wood structures and reinforced concrete structures, and is less applied to masonry structures.
With the development of building technology, shortage of human resources and increasing of environmental protection of society, the nation advocates assembly construction technology, and at present, the assembly technology of buildings in traditional structural forms such as reinforced concrete structures, steel structures, wood structures and the like is developed rapidly. Masonry construction technology, which is the most traditional form of construction, has fallen behind in the assembled tide and even the survival of structural systems has faced significant challenges.
Masonry materials such as hollow bricks, small hollow concrete blocks and the like are constructed on site for many years due to complex procedures and various product quantities. The concrete small hollow block as an industrial product made of hard concrete does not get rid of the construction of the traditional process for many years. The reason why the reinforced concrete block masonry structure is difficult to apply is analyzed, and the connecting nodes cannot be processed. Different from the formwork pouring of reinforced concrete, the masonry is formed by firstly finishing the building of a hollow block wall, then arranging reinforcing steel bars and pouring concrete, and performing assembly construction according to a reinforced concrete method, wherein the difficulty of the assembly construction is higher than that of the formwork pouring of the reinforced concrete. Therefore, for years, the traditional method of building and pouring on site is adopted for the construction of the reinforced block masonry.
However, the conventional method has many disadvantages. Firstly, in order to clean the floor mortar in the holes of the blocks (which falls into the holes of the blocks during the masonry process) before the concrete is poured, a cleaning opening needs to be left at the bottom of the blockwork piece, and as a result, the bearing capacity of the wall is greatly reduced. Meanwhile, the cleaning opening can be used as a channel for connecting steel bars, and the cleaning opening is narrow in space and difficult to construct. Secondly, the masonry is finished manually, on one hand, the labor intensity of workers is greatly increased, the construction speed is greatly influenced, and the quality of the wall body is also influenced by subjective factors such as the technical level and the responsibility of the construction workers. These all greatly restrict the development of the house of the structural system, and are incompatible with the shortage of labor force and the sudden rise of environmental protection requirements at present.
When the traditional two-point method is used for hoisting, sliding blocks on a balance beam and a binding beam need to be respectively adjusted, the positions of two hoisting points are selected in a plane diagram, so that the gravity center position of a wall sheet is on the connecting line of the two hoisting points, and the hoisting points can freely move through the sliding blocks, so that the positions are not unique. However, the operation of adjusting the sliding blocks on the balance beam and the binding beam respectively is complicated, and the problem of inconvenience exists.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model discloses a solve the comparatively loaded down with trivial details problem of slider operation on adjusting compensating beam and the ligature roof beam respectively at every turn of current "two points" hoist and mount method, provide a concrete block masonry component prefabricated construction hoist device, only need adjust the slider on the ligature roof beam when hoist and mount promptly, set for the position of hanging point on it, can implement hoist and mount, the prefabricated construction problem of masonry structure component has been solved, it is feasible to provide one kind for masonry structure's prefabricated construction, it is simple and convenient, safety, efficient construction equipment, provide technical support and scheme for the popularization and application of assembled masonry structure building.
The utility model relates to a concrete block masonry component assembly construction hoisting device, which comprises a lifting hook, a hoisting rope, two upper lifting lugs, a balance beam, n lower lifting lugs, a lower hoisting rope, a binding beam and a base, wherein n is 2, 4 or 6; install two on the compensating beam and go up the lug, install n lower lugs under the compensating beam, the lifting hook is located the top of compensating beam and connects two on the compensating beam through the hoist and mount rope, the ligature roof beam is located the below of compensating beam and connects n under the compensating beam lug through hoist and mount rope down, and the ligature roof beam is placed to the below of blockwork piece, blockwork piece is placed to ligature roof beam below, the base is located blockwork piece below, the ligature rope carries out vertical whole ligature with ligature roof beam, blockwork piece and base.
Preferably, the base includes floorbar and a plurality of backing plate, the floorbar is the channel-section steel of width such as with the building block wall piece, and the edge of a wing end up, in the channel-section steel edge of a wing outside, four bolt external members of welding are with the nut welding on the channel-section steel to screw rod ground, through rotatory screw rod, make the channel-section steel height-variable in the vertical direction, reach the purpose of adjusting this some channel-section steel height, a plurality of the backing plate is transversely placed on the floorbar.
Preferably, the binding beam comprises a cross-shaped standard section and a plurality of standard binding beam sections, and four end faces of the cross-shaped standard section are used for connecting the standard binding beam sections so as to be suitable for binding L-shaped and T-shaped building block wall pieces.
Preferably, the ligature roof beam still includes slide, a plurality of slider, a plurality of locating hole and a plurality of round pin post, all be provided with the slide on cross standard festival and a plurality of standard ligature roof beam section, the slider removes along the slide, be provided with a plurality of locating holes of equidistant on the slide, during a plurality of cotter inserts the locating hole for inject the position of slider.
Preferably, the side face of the binding beam is provided with a plurality of steel rings, and the steel rings are connected with the binding ropes.
Concrete block brickwork component prefabricated construction hoist device's beneficial effect do:
1. the concrete block masonry component assembly construction hoisting device implements rapid assembly construction aiming at a vertical component-wall body of a block masonry structure, and has the main innovation that only a hoisting point on a binding beam needs to be arranged, and the hoisting point on a balance beam does not need to be adjusted, so that any three-dimensional wall piece can be hoisted;
2. the concrete block masonry component assembly construction hoisting device of the utility model provides a corresponding balance beam simplifying method to reduce cost, meet the use requirement of the simplifying hoisting method, and make the manufacture simpler, safe and easier to ensure, and lower in cost;
3. the utility model provides an improved scheme of binding beams, which ensures the smooth implementation of the simplified method, ensures the construction speed and the construction safety, and meets the requirements of the method;
4. the utility model provides a hoisting device for the assembly construction of concrete block masonry components, which provides an idea and a method for double-side binding, solves the problems of unbalanced stress of steel wire ropes on two sides, insufficient range of a tightener, inconvenience in tightening the steel wire ropes and the like during single-side binding, leads the wall pieces to be more convenient to bind, and can ensure balanced stress of the wall pieces under binding;
5. the utility model provides a hoisting device for the prefabricated construction of concrete block masonry components, which provides an idea and a method for protecting binding ropes, prevents steel wire ropes from falling off during evacuation, and ensures the construction safety during hoisting;
6. concrete block brickwork component prefabricated construction hoist device, provided simple and convenient wall piece and built the base way by laying bricks or stones for the wall piece is more free when building bricks or stones, and instrument reuse rate improves.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the concrete block masonry member assembled construction hoisting device of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic view of the base of the present invention; wherein (a) is a structural schematic diagram of the bottom beam, and (b) is a structural schematic diagram of the base plate;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the masonry of the blockwork piece on the bottom beam;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the binding beam of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of the wall pieces after being bound according to the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic view of the hoisting device for the prefabricated construction of the concrete block masonry member according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram illustrating the principle of determining the lifting point of a lashing beam according to the present invention; a1 and A2 are the positions of the binding beam and the lifting point on the corresponding balance beam, B1 and B2 are any group of lifting point positions meeting the conditions in the traditional two-point method, and a is the distance between two lifting points and a lifting hook in the method; b1 and b2 are distances from two lifting points to a lifting hook in the traditional two-point method.
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a two-point method;
FIG. 9 is what happens when the set of hoisting points is limited;
FIG. 10 is an undesirable schematic view of the improvement of the lifting point by lengthening the lower hoist line between the equalizer beam tie beams;
fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the balance beam according to the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a balance beam provided with a plurality of lower lifting lugs;
FIG. 13 is a schematic view of the tie beam being too close to the hanging point of the wall piece, wherein a) the tie beam is disposed along the wall; b) the binding beam is arranged to be separated from the wall;
FIG. 14 is a schematic view of the use of a cross-shaped standard knot of a lashing beam, wherein a) is the case where a standard knot is not used, and b) is the case where a standard knot is used;
FIG. 15 is a schematic structural view of a double-sided binding prior art and the present application with steel rings added, wherein a) is the case of no rigid ring and b) is the case of rigid ring;
FIG. 16 is a schematic view of a different arrangement of one cord and two cords, where a) is for one thread and b) is for two threads;
reference numerals: 1-a hook; 2-hoisting ropes; 3, lifting lugs; 4-a balance beam; 5-a lower lifting lug; 6-hoisting a rope; 7-binding a rope; 8, binding the beam; 9-a bottom beam; 10-a backing plate; 11-block wall sheet; 12-a rigid ring; 13-a turnbuckle; 14-cross standard knot; 15-standard banding beam sections.
the first embodiment is as follows: the present embodiment is explained with reference to fig. 1 to 16. The concrete block masonry member assembly construction hoisting device comprises a lifting hook 1, a hoisting rope 2, two upper lifting lugs 3, a balance beam 4, n lower lifting lugs 5, a lower hoisting rope 6, a binding rope 7, a binding beam 8 and a base, wherein n is 2, 4 or 6; install two on the compensating beam 4 and go up lug 3, install a n lower lug 5 under the compensating beam 4, lifting hook 1 is located compensating beam 4's top and connects two on the compensating beam 4 through hoist and mount rope 2 and go up lug 3, ligature roof beam 8 is located compensating beam 4's below and connects a n lower lug 5 under the compensating beam 4 through hoist and mount rope 6 down, and ligature roof beam 8 is placed to the below of blockwork piece 11, blockwork piece 11 is placed to ligature roof beam 8 below, the base is located blockwork piece 11 below, ligature rope 7 carries out vertical whole ligature with ligature roof beam 8, blockwork piece 11 and base.
The construction method of the concrete block masonry component assembly construction hoisting device specifically comprises the following steps:
step 1: place the base in the below of blockwork piece 11, ligature roof beam 8 is placed to the top, then through ligature rope 7 with ligature roof beam 8, blockwork piece 11 and the vertical direction of base ligature together:
step 2: determining the horizontal position of the lifting hook 1, and calculating the gravity center position of the block wall sheet 11 to be lifted, namely the horizontal position of the lifting hook 1;
and 3, step 3: the location of the two suspension points a1 and a2 is selected in plan view so that the center of gravity of the blockwork piece 11 is located on the line connecting the two suspension points a1 and a2, ensuring that the distances from the two suspension points a1 and a2 to the center of gravity are equal; figure 7 is a plot of the point selected,
and 4, step 4: the position of a slide block on the lashing beam 8 is fixed through a pin bolt, and the length between two lifting points A1 and A2 is measured and recorded;
and 5, step 5: checking the distance between two corresponding hoisting points A1 and A2 on the balance beam 4 before hoisting, and when the distance difference between the distance and two sliding blocks of the binding beam 8 exceeds 10 percent of the length of the lower hoisting rope 6, forming a certain included angle by the two lower hoisting ropes at the moment, namely when the included angle between the two lower hoisting ropes 6 and the binding beam 8 is less than 80 degrees, requiring to reselect the hoisting point with the proper position on the balance beam 4 to ensure that the included angle between the two lower hoisting ropes 6 and the binding beam 8 is 80-90 degrees;
and 6, step 6: the lifting hook 1 is moved above the block wall sheet 11, connected with the balance beam 4 through the lifting rope 2, and then connected with the binding beam 8 through the lower lifting rope 6;
and 7, step 7: after all the blocks are ready, the blockwork piece 11 is hoisted.
And 2, selecting the position of the hoisting point in the step 2 to avoid the position of the vertical steel bar in the block hole.
During hoisting, the lifting hook 1 hoists one balance beam 4 through two symmetrical hoisting points, the balance beam 4 hoists the binding beam 8 through two hoisting points A1 and A2, and the binding beam 8 is bound with the blockwork piece 11 to be hoisted, as shown in figure 6, a T-shaped or L-shaped wall piece is taken as an example in the figure.
The positions of 2 hanging points are selected in a plan view, so that the gravity center position of the wall plate is determined on the connecting line of the two hanging points, and the drawing situation when the hanging points are selected is shown in figure 7. It can be seen from the figure that when the binding beam hoisting points are determined by hoisting according to a common two-point method, the flexibility is great, the obtained hoisting points B1 and B2 only need to ensure that the connecting line passes through the center of gravity, and the method needs to ensure that the distances from the two hoisting points A1 and A2 to the center of gravity are equal. The selection of the hoisting point should avoid the position of the vertical steel bar in the hole.
The gravity center of the lifting hook, the balance beam and the wall sheet can be coincided by simultaneously adjusting the positions of the lifting points on the balance beam and the binding beam in the existing two-point lifting method (a schematic diagram of the existing two-point lifting method is given in figure 8), and the selection of the positions of the lifting points can be obtained by twice adjustment (the positions of the slide block of the balance beam and the slide block of the binding beam) in construction.
The method only adjusts the positions of the lifting points on the binding beams to realize the coincidence of the centers of gravity of the lifting hook 1, the balance beam 4 and the block wall sheet 11, and the only one beam which meets the conditions is found in the design to replace the one-time adjustment in the construction (only the position of the sliding block of the binding beam is adjusted).
The method actually fixes the distance between two hanging points, and the distances from the two hanging points to the gravity center are equal. In the two-point method, a plurality of straight lines passing through the gravity center of the wall piece (simultaneously, the gravity centers of the lifting hook 1 and the balance beam 4) can be selected, and the method adopts the only one line with the same distance from two lifting points to the gravity center of the wall piece.
And (4) handling the abnormal condition. When the lifting point determined by the only straight line selected by the method is inconvenient to set, the lifting point can be moved for a certain distance in a small range, and the possible lifting state of the preset position of the lifting point is changed, namely two vertical steel chains incline, and the situation shown in figure 9 occurs. It is possible that the centre of gravity of the wall plate does not coincide exactly with the hook 1, causing the wall plate to tilt slightly. According to practical inspection, the small-amplitude deviation can not influence hoisting installation under the condition that the bearing capacity of the binding beam 8 is met.
When two lower hoist and mount ropes 6 are longer, the influence of this deviation will be less (the contained angle has been reduced to the long chain), and the ability of adjusting the focus misalignment promotes, consequently can generally gain lower hoist and mount rope 6 a little longer, also can bring the facility for the operation of reinforcing bar wall penetration simultaneously like this, because the length of this lower hoist and mount rope 6 is the activity space of wearing the muscle guide tube.
The method simplifies the balance beam 4 part. The position of the lifting point on the balance beam 4 does not need to be adjusted any more, so that the condition that the upper lifting lug is adjusted by the original sliding block is omitted, and the upper lifting lug 3 is made into a fixed form, as shown in fig. 11.
If the sizes of the engineering project wall pieces are greatly different, a plurality of lower lifting lugs 5 (lifting points) can be arranged below the balance beam 4 and arranged in pairs, as shown in fig. 12.
1. Improvement of adjustable masonry base
The base includes floorbar 9 and a plurality of backing plate 10, floorbar 9 is the channel-section steel of width such as with the wall, and the edge of a wing end up, in the groove steel edge of a wing outside, welds four bolt external member, with the nut welding on the channel-section steel to screw rod ground, through rotatory screw rod, make the channel-section steel height-variable in the vertical direction, reach the purpose of adjusting this point channel-section steel height, a plurality of backing plate 10 transversely places on floorbar 9.
Build by laying bricks or stones base with adjustable both need the supporting wall piece, will provide the ligature space for prefabricated building block brickwork component again, the utility model discloses a floorbar 9 and non-fixed backing plate 10 with adjustable, as shown in fig. 2. The adjustable bottom beam 9 is made of channel steel with the width basically equal to that of the wall, the flange ends face upwards for use, and the two flanges provide support for the cushion plate 10. Four high-strength bolt kits are welded on the outer side of the flange of the channel steel, nuts are welded on the channel steel, the height of the channel steel in the vertical direction can be changed by supporting the screw through rotating the screw, and the height of the point channel steel can be adjusted. Each section of channel steel beam is provided with four bolt external members, so that the requirement during adjustment can be met, and the reliability of supporting can be ensured. The method of use is shown in figure 3.
The shim plate 10 may be provided with a stop strip on one side so that the shim plate 10 can be simply centered when the strip abuts the channel flange. When the limit strip is not arranged, the requirements of free arrangement, repeated use and standardized manufacture of the position of the limit strip can be still met.
The binding beam 8 comprises a cross-shaped standard section 14 and a plurality of standard binding beam sections 15, and four end faces of the cross-shaped standard section 14 are used for connecting the standard binding beam sections 15 so as to adapt to binding of the L-shaped and T-shaped block wall pieces 11.
2. Improvements in lashing beams
The ligature roof beam 8 still includes slide, a plurality of slider, a plurality of locating hole and a plurality of round pin post, all be provided with the slide on cross standard festival 14 and a plurality of standard ligature roof beam section 15, the slider removes along the slide, be provided with a plurality of locating holes of equidistant on the slide, during a plurality of round pin bolts insert the locating hole for inject the position of slider.
The concrete hollow block wall pieces 11 need to be packed on the binding beams 8 so as to solve the problem that the bonding strength of mortar is not enough to resist the tensile stress generated by hoisting. The binding beam 8 is arranged on the top of the wall, the binding beam 8 of the hoisting device consists of a cross-shaped standard connecting joint 14 and straight section standard binding beam sections 15, and the hoisting requirements of wall pieces with different lengths are met by using the straight section standard binding beam sections 15 with different lengths. Fig. 4 shows the assembled lashing beam 8, on which the slide block can be slid along the slide to the desired position, the position of the slide block being defined by the insertion of the pin into the positioning hole.
The banded panels are shown in figure 5. The binding beam is provided with a slideway, and the position of the lifting point can be determined by sliding and positioning the sliding block on the slideway.
Based on the optimization of lashing beams. The binding beam 8 is used for binding the wall piece and hoisting, and is generally suitable to be arranged according to the shape of the wall piece, the linear binding beam is arranged on the linear wall, the L-shaped wall piece is provided with the L-shaped binding beam, and the T-shaped wall piece is provided with the T-shaped binding beam. However, in some cases, especially in the case of a T-shaped wall, the center of the T-shaped wall is deviated to one side, and when the hanging points are arranged by the T-shaped lashing beam, the distance between the two hanging points is often too close when the two hanging points are approximately equal to the center of gravity, as shown in fig. 13 a.
The binding beams are arranged to be separated from the wall, namely, part of the binding beams are suspended and stressed, and no wall sheet is arranged at the lifting point. The setting method is to set a cross-shaped standard knot, as shown in figure 13b, two ends or three ends of the cross-shaped standard knot are connected with a straight binding beam section, namely, an L shape and a T shape are formed, so the cross-shaped standard knot can replace the L-shaped standard knot. Fig. 14 shows the use condition of the variable adjustable binding beam when the L-shaped wall and the T-shaped wall are hoisted, so that the variable adjustable binding beam can be simultaneously suitable for a straight-line-shaped wall, an L-shaped wall sheet and a T-shaped wall sheet, the use is convenient, and the cost is saved.
3. Improvements in double-sided banding
The side face of the binding beam 8 is provided with a plurality of rigid rings, the steel rings are connected with binding ropes 7, and the binding ropes 7 are steel wire ropes.
When a closed loop is bound with a binding rope 7, the binding rope 7 can slide on the binding beam 8 along the gravity direction, and each binding rope 7 only needs one rope length adjusting device (tightener 13). However, in practical use, it is found that, because the length adjustment of the turnbuckle 13 is generally limited, the binding rope 7 has certain elasticity, and the binding rope can be fastened only by adjusting a long distance by one turnbuckle 13, and often exceeds the working length of the turnbuckle 13, which brings difficulty to construction.
When only one side is provided with the tightener, the binding device is heavier, and can slide from the steel beam under the condition that the top is not limited. In order to solve the problem of the sliding of the binding ropes 7 along the vertical direction, 2 binding ropes 7 bound by each closed loop can be considered, and each binding rope 7 is independently fixed on the binding beam 8. The simplest method is to provide a rigid ring for securing the binding rope 7, and there are many ways in which the binding rope 7 can be secured to the lashing beam. When this method is used, it should be appropriate to avoid displacement of the lashing beam when fastening from one side. The steel cord may be replaced by a stiffer steel chain, which is substantially identical to the steel cord.
4. Binding rope 7 protection
When a closed loop is bound with a binding rope 7, the binding rope 7 can slide on the beam along the gravity direction, and can slide down when the binding device is moved down from the floor, so that potential safety hazards exist. One simple method is to hang the lashing rope 7 on the lashing beam 8 in the form of a hook by using a positioning hole on the lashing beam 8.
The above-mentioned embodiments further explain the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only exemplary of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention, and that any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention may be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.