CN115296704B - Distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system and control method - Google Patents
Distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system and control method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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Abstract
The application discloses a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system and a control method, wherein the system comprises a main control module for generating a beam control instruction and a local oscillator mixing frequency source, and the system further comprises: and the at least one sub-array control module is used for receiving the beam control instruction and the local oscillator mixing frequency source of the main control module, generating a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of a current TR (transmitter-receiver) module based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator mixing frequency source, and converting the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR module to realize the phase shifting and the amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR module, wherein the TR module comprises an antenna unit. According to the technical scheme, the millimeter wave active integrated phased array antenna beam scanning is realized in the FPGA by receiving the control parameters transmitted by the upper computer or the terminal.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of millimeter wave phased array communication, in particular to a phased array antenna control system and a control method.
Background
With the rapid rise of 5G millimeter wave communication and broadband low-orbit satellite communication, millimeter wave active phased array antennas have begun to develop unprecedented, and are widely used in satellite communication and radar systems. The millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control mainly comprises the steps of receiving a millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instruction transmitted by an upper computer, and calculating to obtain a phase difference and an amplitude value of a control TR assembly through a beam shaping algorithm module and a calibration unit so as to realize the millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control. The FPGA has the characteristic of repeatedly programming programs, has higher flexibility, greatly shortens development period and development cost, and plays an important role in the field of software radio based on the advantages.
The existing beam control system adopts a cascade mode mostly of serial cascade, and the mode causes that the end machine transmits functional signals such as command issuing, system state monitoring, fault detection and the like to the phased array system, and the transmission needs to pass through a multi-stage interface, so that the system delay is too large, and the system is not suitable for a high-sensitivity requirement system. The scheme is realized in the terminal by the beam forming unit, so that the phase difference calculation result of each array element is transmitted from the outside, parallel distribution of configuration code multiple channels cannot be realized, the speed is too slow and only reaches millisecond level, and the calibration compensation parameters and the pre-fabricated beam parameters cannot be stored without a storage device.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a phased array antenna beam control method, a phased array antenna beam control system and a storage medium, and millimeter wave active integrated phased array antenna beam scanning is realized in an FPGA by receiving control parameters transmitted by an upper computer or an end machine.
The above effects are achieved by the following technical scheme:
The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system comprises a main control module for generating a beam control instruction and a local oscillator mixing frequency source, and the system further comprises:
And the at least one sub-array control module is used for receiving the beam control instruction and the local oscillator mixing frequency source of the main control module, generating a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of a current TR (transmitter-receiver) module based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator mixing frequency source, and converting the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR module to realize the phase shifting and the amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR module, wherein the TR module comprises an antenna unit.
Further, the subarray control module comprises a beam forming unit, wherein the beam forming unit is used for calculating the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit in real time;
the subarray control module comprises a calibration unit, wherein the calibration unit invokes preset phase and amplitude compensation values to compensate the phase difference and the amplitude of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit, so as to obtain a calibration phase difference and a calibration amplitude.
Further, the system comprises a plurality of subarray control modules, and a parallel transmission architecture is adopted among the subarray control modules.
Further, the main control module receives the instruction sent by the analysis terminal or the upper computer to obtain target information, and generates a beam control instruction according to the target information.
Further, the analysis terminal or the upper computer dynamically updates and configures the beam control instruction.
As a preferred implementation scheme of the application, the main control module transmits the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through an SPI interface.
The application also provides a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control method, which comprises the following steps: the main control module generates a beam control instruction and a local oscillation mixing frequency source;
the subarray control module receives the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source generated by the main control module, generates a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of the current TR assembly based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source, and converts the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR assembly to realize phase shifting and amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR assembly.
Further, calculating the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit in real time through the beam forming unit in the subarray control module;
And calling preset phase and amplitude compensation values through a calibration unit in the subarray control module, and compensating the phase difference and the amplitude of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit to obtain a calibration phase difference and a calibration amplitude.
Further, the system comprises a plurality of subarray control modules, and each subarray control module receives the beam control instruction generated by the main control module and the local oscillation frequency mixing frequency source in parallel.
Further, the main control module receives an instruction sent by the analysis terminal or the upper computer to obtain target information, and generates a beam control instruction according to the target information.
Further, the analysis terminal or the upper computer dynamically updates and configures the beam control instruction.
As a preferred implementation scheme of the application, the main control module transmits the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through an SPI interface.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
The invention provides a control method, a device and a storage medium of a satellite-borne distributed millimeter wave active integrated phased array antenna. And the millimeter wave active integrated phased array antenna beam scanning is realized in the FPGA by receiving the control parameters transmitted by the upper computer or the terminal. Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
1. the distributed millimeter wave active integrated phased array antenna control system adopts a distributed subarray architecture, and the architecture has the characteristic of expandability, and combines IO interface resources of an FPGA, so that the system has strong expandability.
2. The response speed is high, and the beam forming and calibrating units are arranged in each independent subarray, so that the interface delay can be reduced; and, adopt the framework of parallel transmission between master control and the subarray, can reduce the transmission delay.
3. The system structure provided by the application has the advantages that the beam direction is flexible, the beam forming and calibrating units are arranged in the subarrays, a flexible working mode can be realized, and the subarrays can work independently or work cooperatively by a plurality of subarrays.
4. The reliability is strong, and the reliability advantage is mainly that the stability of the FPGA device is strong.
5. The calibration file and the beam file at the bottom layer can be dynamically updated and configured through the upper computer, so that the system is applicable to different application scenes and has strong universality.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, the drawings that are needed in the present invention will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 is a general architecture diagram of a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a master control system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a subarray control system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming algorithm according to one embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a flowchart of the operation of the master control system according to one embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, this embodiment provides a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system, including a main control module for generating a beam control instruction and a local oscillator mixing frequency source, where the system further includes:
And the at least one sub-array control module is used for receiving the beam control instruction and the local oscillator mixing frequency source of the main control module, generating a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of a current TR (transmitter-receiver) module based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator mixing frequency source, and converting the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR module to realize the phase shifting and the amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR module, wherein the TR module comprises an antenna unit.
The subarray control module comprises a beam forming unit, wherein the beam forming unit is used for calculating the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit in real time;
the subarray control module comprises a calibration unit, wherein the calibration unit invokes preset phase and amplitude compensation values to compensate the phase difference and the amplitude of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit, so as to obtain a calibration phase difference and a calibration amplitude.
The system comprises a plurality of subarray control modules, wherein parallel transmission architecture is adopted among the subarray control modules; the main control module receives an instruction sent by the analysis terminal machine or the upper computer, obtains target information and generates a beam control instruction according to the target information; and the analysis terminal or the upper computer dynamically updates and configures the beam control instruction.
As a preferred implementation scheme of the application, the main control module transmits the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through an SPI interface.
Example 2
The embodiment also provides a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control method, which comprises the following steps: the main control module generates a beam control instruction and a local oscillation mixing frequency source;
the subarray control module receives the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source generated by the main control module, generates a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of the current TR assembly based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source, and converts the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR assembly to realize phase shifting and amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR assembly.
Further, calculating the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit in real time through the beam forming unit in the subarray control module;
And calling preset phase and amplitude compensation values through a calibration unit in the subarray control module, and compensating the phase difference and the amplitude of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit to obtain a calibration phase difference and a calibration amplitude.
The system comprises a plurality of subarray control modules, wherein a parallel transmission architecture is adopted among the subarray control modules, and each subarray control module receives a beam control instruction and a local oscillation frequency mixing frequency source generated by the main control module in parallel; the main control module receives an instruction sent by the analysis terminal machine or the upper computer, obtains target information and generates a beam control instruction according to the target information; and the analysis terminal or the upper computer dynamically updates and configures the beam control instruction.
As a preferred implementation scheme of the application, the main control module transmits the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through an SPI interface.
The above scheme is further described below in connection with a specific working scenario: the whole array works under the same wave beam, and the wave beam forming 1-degree precision two-dimensional precision scanning mode can be used for wave beam precision scanning. The beam control method is realized by the following steps:
Step 1, referring to fig. 5, in this embodiment, after the FPGA hardware is powered on, interrupt initialization and peripheral interface initialization are performed first, and a calibration file stored in a flash of the main control module is loaded. Meanwhile, a system state monitoring interrupt is set in the CPU, when the system state is abnormal in operation, an error is printed, and soft reset is carried out.
Step2, referring to fig. 2, the upper computer sends millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instructions through a gigabit ethernet port through a TCP/IP protocol (UART serial port is used as a standby interface), where the millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instructions include TR mode switching, antenna pointing angles, antenna frequency points, antenna unit spacing, amplitude values and beam calibration files. The CPU transmits the received beam control instruction parameters to the FPGA end through the AXI4-Lite interface and is cached by the Bram module, then the mixing frequency source of the whole array is configured through the SPI interface, and the beam configuration parameters are issued to the subarray control module through the SPI interface. Only when the calibration file needs to be recalibrated, the calibration file is sent again and updated to the flash.
Step 3, referring to fig. 3, the default working mode of the subarray control module is a mode that the whole array works in the same wave beam, and calibration parameters prefabricated in a flash are loaded when the subarray is powered on. The subarray receives a beam control instruction issued by the main control through the SPI interface and transmits the beam control instruction to the beam forming unit.
And 4, referring to fig. 4, after the subarray control module FPGA receives the millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instruction, transmitting the parameters to the beam forming algorithm module and the calibration unit. As can be seen from the planar phased array antenna scanning principle, the antenna beam angle is known in the beam forming unitAnd θ, calculating a phase difference between antennas according to formulas (1), (2) and (3).
Wherein, the antenna unit spacing is d, d x、dy is the distance of the antenna unit on the x-axis and the y-axis, λ is the wavelength of the beam, and cos α x and cos α y are the directional cosine of the beam. ΔΦ x、Δφy represents the phase differences in the x-axis and y-axis directions between the (i, k) th antenna element and the reference element, respectively, and then the intra-array phase difference between the (i, k) th element and the (0, 0) th reference element is ΔΦ Bik＝iΔφBx+kΔφBy (3). Note that a=ΔΦ Bx,B＝ΔφBy, ΔΦ Bik =ia+kb, A, B here represents that the simplified intra-array phase shift value calibration unit adds the phase and amplitude compensation value of each channel to the phase and amplitude calculated by the beamforming unit to obtain the final calibration phase difference and calibration amplitude of each channel. The beam forming algorithm module can realize the antenna beam angleAnd θ are two-dimensional angular scans with 1 degree precision.
And 5, referring to fig. 3, the subarray control module converts the calculated phase difference and amplitude of each array element into a phase and amplitude control code of a corresponding array unit in real time according to the working mechanism of the TR component. And finally, outputting the control code of the corresponding array unit to the TR component of the corresponding array through the SPI interface to realize the beam control of the phased array antenna.
Example 3
The present application also provides a second distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system, unlike embodiment 2, in which the system in this embodiment does not perform calculation of TR module control codes in the sub-array control module, directly invokes beam pointing files in the main control module to perform TR module control, and can implement fast switching of different control strategies, the system includes:
The main control module is internally provided with a beam pointing file and a mixing frequency source local oscillation control instruction, and the beam pointing file is issued to the subarray control module and a mixing frequency source is provided for the subarray;
and the subarray control module is used for switching the direction of the array elements in the TR assembly and adjusting the amplitude of the array elements according to the beam pointing file.
Furthermore, the main control module and the subarray control module adopt FPGA chips.
Example 4
Based on the system, the second distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control method provided by the application comprises the following steps:
The main control module transmits a beam pointing file to the subarray control module and provides a mixing frequency source for the subarray;
And the subarray control module switches the direction of the array element in the TR component and adjusts the amplitude of the array element according to the beam pointing file.
Further, the beam pointing file is stored in a flash module of the main control module, and the main control module sends the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through an SPI interface.
Furthermore, the main control module and the subarray control module adopt FPGA chips.
The above scheme is further described below in connection with a specific working scenario: each subarray array is flexible in operation mode and can be used for various services in a communication system.
Step 1, referring to fig. 5, in this embodiment, after the FPGA hardware is powered on, interrupt initialization and peripheral interface initialization are performed first, and a calibration file stored in a flash of the main control module is loaded. Meanwhile, a system state monitoring interrupt is set in the CPU, when the system state is abnormal in operation, an error is printed, and soft reset is carried out.
Step2, referring to fig. 2, the upper computer sends millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instructions through a gigabit ethernet port through a TCP/IP protocol (UART serial port is used as a standby interface), where the millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instructions include TR mode switching, antenna pointing angles, antenna frequency points, antenna unit spacing, amplitude values and beam calibration files. The CPU transmits the received beam control instruction parameters to the FPGA end through the AXI4-Lite interface and is cached by the Bram module, then the mixing frequency source of the whole array is configured through the SPI interface, and the beam configuration parameters are issued to the subarray control module through the SPI interface. In this mode, an independent calibration file for each subarray array needs to be loaded and updated to the flash.
Step 3, referring to fig. 3, each subarray control module receives an independent calibration file through an SPI interface, and writes the independent calibration file into a flash of the subarray control module after buffering the independent calibration file through a BRAM. And finally, the subarray receives a beam control instruction issued by the main control through the SPI interface and transmits the beam control instruction to the beam forming unit.
And 4, referring to fig. 4, after the subarray control module FPGA receives the millimeter wave active phased array antenna beam control instruction, transmitting the parameters to the beam forming algorithm module and the calibration unit. As can be seen from the planar phased array antenna scanning principle, the antenna beam angle is known in the beam forming unitAnd θ, calculating a phase difference between antennas according to formulas (1), (2) and (3).
Wherein, the antenna unit spacing is d, d x、dy is the distance of the antenna unit on the x-axis and the y-axis, λ is the wavelength of the beam, and cos α x and cos α y are the directional cosine of the beam. ΔΦ x、Δφy represents the phase differences in the x-axis and y-axis directions between the (i, k) th antenna element and the reference element, respectively, and then the intra-array phase difference between the (i, k) th element and the (0, 0) th reference element is ΔΦ Bik＝iΔφBx+kΔφBy (3). Note a=ΔΦ Bx,B＝ΔφBy, then ΔΦ Bik =ia+kb, A, B here represents a simplified intra-array phase shift value. The calibration unit adds the phase and amplitude compensation value of each channel and the phase and amplitude calculated by the beam forming unit to obtain the final calibration phase difference and calibration amplitude of each channel. The beam forming algorithm module can realize the antenna beam angleAnd θ are two-dimensional angular scans with 1 degree precision.
And 5, referring to fig. 3, the subarray control module converts the calculated phase difference and amplitude of each array element into a phase and amplitude control code of a corresponding array unit in real time according to the working mechanism of the TR component. And finally, outputting the control code of the corresponding array unit to the TR component of the corresponding array through the SPI interface to realize the beam control of the phased array antenna.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the application is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the application.
Claims (8)
1. The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system comprises a main control module for generating a beam control instruction and a local oscillator mixing frequency source, and is characterized by further comprising:
The subarray control modules receive the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source of the main control module, generate a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of a current TR assembly based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing frequency source, and convert the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into control codes of the TR assembly to realize the phase shifting and the amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR assembly, wherein the TR assembly comprises antenna units, and a parallel transmission architecture is adopted among the subarray control modules;
And the main control module transmits the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through the SPI interface.
2. The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system of claim 1, wherein,
The subarray control module comprises a beam forming unit, wherein the beam forming unit is used for calculating the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit in real time;
the subarray control module comprises a calibration unit, wherein the calibration unit invokes preset phase and amplitude compensation values to compensate the phase difference and the amplitude of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit, so as to obtain a calibration phase difference and a calibration amplitude.
3. The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the main control module receives the command sent by the analysis terminal or the upper computer, obtains target information, and generates a beam control command according to the target information.
4. The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control system of claim 3, wherein said resolving end machine or upper machine dynamically updates configuration of said beam steering instructions.
5. The distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna control method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
The subarray control module receives a beam control instruction and a local oscillator frequency mixing source generated by the main control module, generates a calibration amplitude and a calibration phase difference of a current TR assembly based on the beam control instruction and the local oscillator frequency mixing source, and converts the calibration amplitude and the calibration phase difference into a control code of the TR assembly to realize phase shifting and amplitude modulation of array elements in the TR assembly;
Each subarray control module receives a beam control instruction generated by the main control module in parallel and a local oscillation frequency mixing frequency source;
and the main control module transmits the beam pointing file to the subarray control module through an SPI interface.
6. The method of claim 5, wherein,
Calculating the phase difference of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit and the amplitude of the antenna unit in real time through a beam forming unit in the subarray control module;
And calling preset phase and amplitude compensation values through a calibration unit in the subarray control module, and compensating the phase difference and the amplitude of the antenna unit relative to the reference unit to obtain a calibration phase difference and a calibration amplitude.
7. The method for controlling a distributed millimeter wave active phased array antenna according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the main control module receives an instruction sent by an analysis terminal or an upper computer, obtains target information, and generates a beam control instruction according to the target information.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein the parsing terminal or upper computer dynamically updates the beam control command.
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| CN117134792A (en) * | 2023-10-26 | 2023-11-28 | 南京纳特通信电子有限公司 | K-band phased array wave control system based on FPGA control |
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| SG11202009463SA (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2020-10-29 | Agency Science Tech & Res | Beam steerable antenna system, method of manufacturing thereof and method of beam steering an antenna array |
| CN109521490B (en) * | 2018-11-12 | 2020-01-10 | 北京航空航天大学 | Millimeter wave array radiometer front end capable of realizing analog beam forming |
| US11217889B2 (en) * | 2019-08-13 | 2022-01-04 | The Boeing Company | Method to optimize beams for phased array antennas |
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| CN112073097A (en) * | 2020-08-20 | 2020-12-11 | 东南大学 | Self-calibration device for hybrid beam forming receiving array |
| CN112259964A (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2021-01-22 | 西南电子技术研究所（中国电子科技集团公司第十研究所） | Multi-subarray phased array antenna beam control device |
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